Advanced Math Answers and Explanations
Advanced Math Answers and Explanations
124. Level: Medium |Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. Makine
functions | Testing Point: Solving for one the right side of the equation have positive
1 1
variable in terms of another exponent yields
x+3 (*'-x-12) Cross
Key Explanation: Choice Ais correct. multiplying to eliminate the fractions yields (
Multiplying both sides of the equation by R' -x-12) =x+3. Factoring the left side of the
yields R'g = GM. Dividing both sides of the equation yiclds (* - 4)x+3) = (x+ 3). Dividing
GM both sides of theequation by (x +3) yields x- 4
equation byg yields R² = .Getting the
8 = 1. Adding 4 to both sides of the equation yields
square root of both sides of the equation yields x-4+4 =1+4. Therefore, x = 5.
GM
R=
Distractor Explanations: Choices Aand Bare
incorrect and may result from multiplying -1
Distractor Explanations: Choices B, C, and by the trinomial. Choice C is incorrect and may
Dare incorrect as the result of incorrectly result from solving xfrom the equation (x -4) =
multiplying and dividing variables.
125. Level: Medium | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear 127. Level: Hard | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
functions |Testing Point: Performing operations functions| Testing Point: Evaluating equations
with functions
with exponents
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To find
Key Explanation: To evaluate the given
the value of x that makes fx) -gx) =0, plug expression, make the base the same. Converting
each equation offand g. This yields (x -4)(* +
2) - (4x- 17) =0. Using the distributive property 27 yields (3')" or 3", Simplify the expression
yields - 2x-8-4x + 17 =0. Combining like 33 by subtracting the exponents which yield
terms yields -6x +9=0. Factoring the perfect 3la-d or 3e, Substituting the value of a yields 3 »)
square trinomial yields (x - 3)'. Equating the
or 3!. Therefore, the expression is equal to 3.
factor to zero yieldsx-3 =[Link], x=3.
129Level: Easy | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear Key Explanation: 44 is correct. The height of the
functions | Testing Point: Solving for one ball after () seconds can be found by substituting
variable in terms ofanother 4seconds for (1) in the equation:
h=-(4) + 15(4)
Key Explanation: Choice Cis correct. In order h=-16 +60
correct. In order
Key Explanation: ChoiceB is correct. A Key Explanation: Choice B is
ational expression is undefined where its of A, isolate
to express the equation in terms
denominator is equal to zero. Thus, in this on the left side of the equation.
variable A
eroblem where b - 169 =0. Using the diference
Multiplying both sides of the equation by A
oftwosquares b - 169is equivalent to (b - 13)
b+ 13). Setting (b - 13) and (b + 13) each equal yields RA =p.
to zero results in b=-13, +13. Onlyb= 13 is Dividing both sides of the equation by R yields
an answer choice. Thus, Choice B is the correct A=P,
R
answer.
Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer.
Distractor Explanations: Choices A, C, and D
Distractor Explanations: Choices A, C, and
Dare incorrect and are the result of arithmetic rearranged
are incorrect because when they are
errors in setting the denominator equal to zero.
to isolate R, they are not equal to R=p
138. Level: Hard| Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear 140. Level: Easy | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
functionsTesting Point: Determine the
functions |Testing Point: Solving for a variable
function from the zeros and the range
in a quadratic function
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. Test the Key Explanation: Choice B is correct.
Start by
answer choices by expanding out each quadratic determining the value for a by replacing x with
function in the answers to see which yields zeros -2 and fx) with -14.
of-3 and 0. Expanding out Choice Byields (x+
5)(x- 2) which expands to x+ 3x- 10. Adding This yields -14 = a-2)* - 22.
the 10to this expanded polynomial results inand Simplifying and adding 22 to both sides of the
+3)
+3x. Factoring out an x results in x(x equation yields 8 = a( 4).
or zeros,
setting equal to zero yields the solution, Dividing both sides of the equation by 4 yields 2
This answer
of x= 0 and x = -3, or Choice B.
=Q or a=2.
parabola
choice also results in a vertex of the
Replace a with 2 and x with 3 to find the value of
Since the parabola opens up, its A3) which yields
minimum value is which makes the range of f3) = 2(3) - 22 =2x9-22= 18 - 22=-4.
4
-9
g(x) greater than or equal to Distractor Explanations: Choices A and D
4 arithmetic
are incorrect and reflect errors in
C, and the
Distractor Explanations: Choices A, or solving algebraic equations. Choice C is
the result of errors value of a and reflects a misunderstanding of the
D are incorrect and are
to find solutions or
in factoring polynomials question.
equation forms.
knowledge of parabolas and their
ADVANCED MATH
Choice Ais
DistractorExplanations: incorrect.
option Aisslinear. ChoiceeC is
141. Level: Hard |Skill/Knowledge:
Nonlinear The graph of the graph is
tunctions |Testing Point: Working
with diferent incorrect. The y-intercept of
a decreasing
forms of parabola equation and vertex Choice D is incorrect. This is
exponential graph, however, the given equation
Key Explanation: Choice Ais
correct. When exponential graph.
requires an increasing
graphed, the vertex of the parabola is clearly the
minimum x) value. To determine the vertex, Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
rewrite the equation in vertex fornm fx) =(* 144. Level: Easy |
h)? + k where (h, k) is the vertex. Completing functions | Testing Point: Solving a cubic
the squares and grouping the perfect square function
trinomial yields fx) = (r+4x+ 4) - 16.
Simplifying the cquation yields f(x) =(x+ 2) - Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. To find
16. Hence, the vertex is (-2, -16). Therefore, x = the value of n, equate the equations to each other
-2 when fa) is at its minimum. which yields 19 = n - 8. Adding 8 to both sides
of the equation yields 27 = n° or n= 27. Getting
the cube root of both sides of the equation yields
142. Level: Easy | Skil/Knowledge: Nonlinear
n=3.
functions | Testing Point: Using exponent rules
to solve nonlinear function
Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect.
Key Explanation: Choice Dis correct. Using the This is the y-intercept of the function h(n).
exponent rules for multiplication, the left side Choice C is incorrect. This is the cube root of
of the equation can be simplified by adding the the y-intercept. Choice D is incorrect. This is the
exponents. This yields 6 x 66lt+-=6= 1296. value of n'.
number
formula -4ac. In this function a
discriminantt
The numerator is
c=[Link] discriminant therefore is diffhcult to factor as it can't be
2h=-3
4(2)(5)= 9 - 4
=-31, factored grouping. The easiest way to
by
it is to
assume that (x factor
discriminantis a negative number, this it
+6) might be a factor of
since it is a factor of the
Ithee
thatthefunction
has no real solutions. all terms in the denominator. Since
indicates numerator are positive, (*-6)
cannot be a factor of the
nurnerator.
/.Skill/Knowledge:
Easy
Nonlinear division or synthetic division, divide Using long
(x +6) into
Levek the numerator. This results in
Kfuxtions/TestingPoint: Evaluatinga nonlinear +12x + 36. This
|
analgebraic binomiall input value expression is easily factored into (x +6) (z +6).
functiongiven
Cancelling out like terms between the
Explanation: Choice Bis correct. Begin by numerator and denominator results in
Key (u+2)for xin the expression which
substituting (x+6) (x+6 (x+6
(x+2). x-36 (x+6)(%-6) x-6
vields(x +2)'+
simplify the
I'singdistributive property to x*+12x +36 or Choice A.
expressionyields.+4x+4+x+2.
5x+6.
Combining liketerms yields x + Distractor Explanations: Choices B, C, andD
2)(x + 3).
Factoring the expression yields (x + are incorrect and are due to errors in factoring or
simplifying complex functions.
incorrect
Distractor Explanations: Choice A is
andmay result from only substituting (x + 2) to
result from an 158. Level: Easy | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
r Choice Cis incorrect and may
Choice D is functions |Testing Point: Recognize nonlinear
error in simplifying the expression. equations
incorrect and may result from adding x+x to x
+2. Key Explanation: Choice Ais correct. Ron is
adding planes to his collection at a doubling rate
[Link]: Medium | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear each year, Since his collection does not increase
an
functions | Testing Point: Simplify rational at a constant rate each year, this is considered
exponential increase.
expressions
Key Explanation: Choice Ais correct. First Distractor Explanations: Choices B, C, and
result of errors in
D are incorrect and are the
substitute the algebraic expressions for gx) in
interpreting functions.
the numerator and for fx) in the denominator
of the fraction. Factor both numerator and
denominator as followS: Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
159. Level: Medium | quadratic
Ihe denominator can be factoring using the functions |Testing Point: Translating
diference of two squares a'- b² = equations
ADVANCEDMATH
A is
[Link]
four months or 12(0 days the
substanceis halved. Choice isthe
D
coTrect.
mass of theExery
Explanation:Choice equationofgx)=
Key 12).The equationthatt would result in a only
is(-2, form wouldbe-2(rlhe
vertexoffa)
invertex
-21°+4r+14 thevertexwould
be(1,
16).
unitsto
months. half-life ofA
[Link], -2 tol is3
1)2+ from Distractor Explanations:
rOordinate
translation
Choice Ais
the right.
Eplanations:Choice
Bis
incorrect
This option suggests that the
half-life of 120 months, substanceinchasaor er
Distractor interpreting Choice [Link]. This
in
from an error
andmayresult translation,ChoicesCand
D
the substance has ahalf-lifeoof
optio1n suBREsts tha
thedirection
of vertical day or l/30
Theseoptionsrepresent months
areincorret.
transformation. Choice Cis incorrect. This option
thesubstance has a half-life of?30
suggests that
Skill/Knowledge:Nonlinear months
Level: Hard |
160.
Testing Point: Findingthesolutions
functions|
ofanabsolute value
inequality
Medium |
162. Level: M Skil IKnowledge: Nonlitexr
functions | Testing Point: Finding the y
Erplanation:ChoiceCis correct. To intercept
Key
linearly, use two
solve for the absolute value
negative values. Key Explanation: The y-intercept of aline is
inequalities for the positive and
given when x =0. Substituting0 for xin the
x+3| <+4 lx+3| <*4 given equation yields y=-(6)° - 1. Simpifjtg
x+3<4
-*-3<4
the equation yields -2.
-x<7
x<l
x>-7
163. Level: Easy Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
Thus, -7<x<1. Since the value of xis between functions | Testing Point: Creating an
-7 and 1, the solutions to the above inequality exponential function from data
are 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6. Therefore, there are 7
solutions to the inequality above. Key Explanation: Choice Bis correct. the
equation is an exponential growth function.
Distractor Explanations: Choices A, B, and D The equation is y = a (l + rwhere a is the
are incorrect and may result from aconceptual initial amount, r is the growth rate and xis the
or calculation error.
time interval. Since the model is increasing by
72% thenr= 72%. The growth factor can be
161. Level: Hard | Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear written as (1+r)= (1 +72%) = 1.72. Sincethe
functions |Testing Point: Changing units of time initial number of sales is 1,600,000 then a=
in an equation
1600000. Since the time interval is in years, te
model is
x=t. Therefore, the equation of the
p(t)=l,600,000(1.72).
Nonlinear functions (Answers)
Explanations: Choice Ais incorrect.
pistractor
[Link] that is Distractor Explanations: Choice Bis
28%. Choice Cis incorrect. This
The mass does not triple every d days incorrect.
This
by
decreasing functionthat is
time interval d is divided by 5in because the
decreasing the
representsa Choice Cis incorrect. Since the equation.
modell
Explanation: Choice Cis correct. The Key Explanation: Choice Dis correct. Since the
Key
fx) describes the revenue ofthe growth factor is 1.12, the growth rate r= 1.12 - 1
model
after t [Link] t =2in f(2), =0.12. Hence, the height of the tree increases by
consultingfirm
the revenue of the
firm at 12% annually and not 112%. Therefore, Choice
c40.140.8represents
D is false.
year2.
theendof
Choices A, B, and D Distractor Explanations: Choices A, B, and C
Distractor Explanations:
statements are false. are incorrect. These are true statements about the
are incorrect. These
model given.
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear
16 Level:Medium
meaning of
functions | Testing Point: Evaluating
function
term in nonlinear
correct. Using
Key Explanation: Choice A is
of chemical wafter
the given function, the mass
= 900.
5days will be P(d) = 300(3) = 300(3)
mass of 300.
This new mass is thrice the initial
mass of
Therefore, the function indicates that the
chemical wtriples every 5 days.