DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

REGION VII

Junil S. Ayong

Tayasan National Senior High School

Grade 12 HUMSS/MARX

TRENDS, NETWORKS, AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

First Semester - Module 4: Planetary Networks: Climate Change

Integration: Understanding, Culture, Society, and Politics (New challenges to human

adaptation and social change; Global Warming and Climate Change).

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 MODULE 4

CONTENTS OF THE MODULE

This module contains the following lessons:

Lesson 9: New challenges to human adaptation and social change; Global Warming and
Climate Change.

9.1 Global warming and climate change.

Planetary Networks: Climate Change.

9.2 The effects of consumption and production patterns to climate change.

9.3 The effects of climate change.

9.4 Steps to address the problems of climate change.

Learning Outcomes/ Objectives: At the end of the course, the learners are to:
K - Identify the difference and effects of Global Warming and Climate Change.

- Defend your stand about the effects of climate change on biological reserves, particularly
water, and resultant consequences on human welfare.

- Realize climate change impacts.

S - Show understanding and do a sequence of steps for solving issues regarding Global Warming
and Climate Change in addressing plan of action for community-based response to change.

- Examine critically a span of media and viewpoints on climate change and sustainable growth.

A - Accept responsibility in engaging Civic life.

- Appreciate the significance of knowing the concept and consequences of Global Warming
and Climate Change in contributing for sustainable change.

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 LESSON 4

INTRODUCTION

Global Warming and Climate Change are the worst enemies of us. As years passed by, as
we advance in terms of technologies. Global Warming and Climate Change also worsen.
Unstable rainfalls and extreme drought affects our natural resources such as water reservoirs,
agricultural land, and O³ (Ozone layer). Capitalist continues to use our natural resources in order
to gain profits. They don't care about the balance of the equilibrium. As population grow, our
demands also grow in order to survive for the long run as well our economies wealth. Most of
agricultural sectors do "kaingin" in order to produce more commodities to avoid scarcity of
supply. This module will provide the ideas need for the learners' in engaging Civic life issues
related to the Global Warming and Climate Change. The effects of consumption and production
patterns to climate change, global warming and climate change, and the steps to address global
warming and climate change for the adaptation of change.

DISCUSSION

Global Warming - Global warming is the long-time period heating of Earth’s temperature
device located for the reason that pre-commercial period (among 1850s and 1900s) because of
human activities, normally fossil gasoline burning, which will increase heat-trapping greenhouse
fuel line degrees in Earth’s atmosphere.

How do we know that Earth has warmed?

A boom of 2°C in comparison to the temperature in pre-business instances is related to

extreme poor influences directly to the herbal surroundings and human fitness and wellbeing,
consisting of a mile’s better chance that risky and likely catastrophic modifications within side
the international surroundings will occur. For this reason, the worldwide network has known the
want to preserve warming nicely under 2°C and pursue efforts to restrict it to 1.5°C. Hundred
years ago; average temperature of the earth was about 13.7°C while now is about 14.4°C. The

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last ice age was, on average about 5°C. Past interglacial warm period, sea levels were about 4-6
m (13-20 ft.) higher than present levels. Between 1910 and 1940 the earth slowly became
warmer. 2011-2020 turned into the warmest decade recorded, with international common
temperature achieving 1.1°C above pre-commercial degrees in 2019. Human-prompted
international warming is currently growing at a charge of 0.2°C in step with the decade. 1970s
the global average of temperature increases more rapidly from 0.2°C per decade. Over the past
century, the global average of temperature continuously increased by 0.74°C. Warmest record
has occurred during the most 12 recent years of 1995-2006 (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Average global temperature for the past 150 years. (Source: NOAA.)

Figure 2. Illustration of earth global warming.

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The table below show a brief history of Global Warming.

URBANIZATION: THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT/CAUSES

 Reduction of nighttime radiation of heat absorbed during the day. The concrete and steel
structures that constitute the city act as a blanket that keeps the heat in that otherwise
would escape overnight.
 Concentration of light that reflects from vertical surfaces.
 Restriction of conductive and convective pathways for heat to escape in what are
effectively urban canyons.
 Local concentration of greenhouse gases results in greater absorption of heat from the
earth.
 Local heat generation from cars, air conditioners, and industry.

Signs of Global Warming

 Arctic sea ice extent is diminishing. The area covered by sea ice has been smaller every
year for the past 30 years, with an average decrease of 3.2% per decade.
 Ocean heat content is increasing. The amount of heat absorbed by the oceans has
increased significantly over the past two decades.
 Air temperature over ocean is increasing. Warmer air near the ocean surface leads to
increased evaporation, and more evaporation means more water vapor in the air.

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  Global sea level is rising. The main reasons for the rise are thermal expansion due to
higher sea water temperatures (warmer water expands) and the added water from melting
of land ice, such as glaciers.
 Humidity is increasing (causing more warming). Because water vapor is a greenhouse
gas, the increase in humidity causes additional warming.
 Temperature of the lower atmosphere is increasing. Rising temperatures in the
troposphere evidence the human fingerprint in global warming caused through the release
of emissions from burning coal, oil, and natural gas.
 Air temperature over land is increasing. Air temperature over land is increasing faster
than over the oceans.
 Snow cover is reduced, and snow is melting earlier. The area covered by snow in the
Northern Hemisphere in the spring is getting smaller, not only because there is less snow
in some areas and years, but also because snowpack’s are melting earlier due to warmer
temperatures.
 Glaciers are melting. Glaciers are retreating at an astonishing pace – three times the ice
volume stored in the entirety of the European Alps is lost globally every year.

Climate Change - Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that
have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad
range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term.

Effects of Consumption and Productions in Environment

Agriculture contributes a significant share of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that
are causing climate change – 17% directly through agricultural activities and an additional 7-
14% through changes in land use. It is therefore both part of the problem – and potentially an
important part of the solution. The main direct agricultural GHG emissions are nitrous oxide
emissions from soils, fertilizers, manure and urine from grazing animals; and methane
production by ruminant animals and from paddy rice cultivation. Both of these gases have a
significantly higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. The Philippines’ climate is
tropical and monsoonal, and highly influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which is the
most important source of rainfall variability from year to year. Temperatures average 24°–27°C

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throughout the year and are warmest in May and coolest in January. Rainfall patterns exhibit
high annual and regional variability, with mean annual rainfall varying from 960 mm in
southeast Mindanao to over 4,000 mm in central Luzon. Most of the country experiences a dry
season from December–May and a cyclonic rainy season from June–November that starts with
the arrival of the southwest monsoon. A second rainy season occurs from December–February
on the eastern and northern coasts with the arrival of the northeast monsoon. El Niño events,
which occur irregularly every 2–7 years, reduce rainfall and weaken cyclone activity. La Niña
events, which occur less frequently, increase heavy rainfall and cyclone activity.

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Causes for rising emissions

 Burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
 Cutting down forests (deforestation). Trees help to regulate the climate by absorbing CO2
from the atmosphere. When they are cut down, that beneficial effect is lost and the
carbon stored in the trees is released into the atmosphere, adding to the greenhouse effect.
 Increasing livestock farming. Cows and sheep produce large amounts of methane when
they digest their food.
 Fertilizers containing nitrogen produce nitrous oxide emissions.
 Fluorinated gases are emitted from equipment and products that use these gases. Such
emissions have a very strong warming effect, up to 23 000 times greater than CO2.

There are both natural and man-made causes of global warming and climate change. The
changes in the climate may naturally be caused by Earth’s activities like volcanic activity, its
orbit around the sun, and many others. Man-made causes, on the other hand, greatly contribute to
the worsening of global warming and climate change. Some examples that contribute to the
phenomenon are burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gases, and continuously
converting forests (deforestation) into industrial, agricultural or residential lands. These human
activities have a higher possibility of speeding up the warming of the planet.

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SECTOR IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITIES

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Steps On Addressing Global Warming and Climate Change for sustainable development.

1. Take concrete steps to achieve the 1.5°C limit.

2. Scale-up finance for gender-equitable adaptation action for the most vulnerable.
3. Strengthen action on loss and damage from climate impacts.
4. Promote food and nutrition security in climate action.
5. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
6. Reforestation.

Adaptation to New Challenges in the Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment

1. As part of our behavioral change, we are being encouraged to lessen our activities that
contribute to the increase of greenhouse gases. Instead of riding cars, we are encouraged
to ride bicycles, public transportations, or even use carpool so we can lessen the carbon
dioxide coming from automobiles.
2. We are also encouraged to utilize our water supply properly and stop the old Filipino
practice of burning our trashes. We must also start conserving our forests and revive
forests that have been victims of deforestation.
3. Some societies are also starting to utilize energy from natural resources like wind energy,
water energy, and solar energy. Other societies where food supply has been affected by
climate change have developed crops, seeds, and farming techniques that can adapt to
climate change. These are only some of the programs developed to help our world adapt
to climate change.

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 LEARNING TASK/EXERCISE

A. Make a comparison of Global Warming and Climate Change using Venn Diagram.

B. Explain the Steps On Addressing Global Warming and Climate Change for sustainable
development in your own words.
1. Take concrete steps to achieve the 1.5°C limit.
2. Scale-up finance for gender-equitable adaptation action for the most vulnerable.
3. Strengthen action on loss and damage from climate impacts.
4. Promote food and nutrition security in climate action.
5. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
6. Reforestation.

Teacher Intervention

The teacher created a students’ directory that includes the student name, home address,
preferred learning delivery mode, available gadgets, contact number, email address and
connectivity. The students are opting to pass their answers/output and ask queries regarding the
subject matter via email, messenger, text message, or they can drop their modules/answers at my
room during Friday.

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 ASSESSMENT

Group yourselves according to the approximated of your Geographic Locations.

A. Examine the article and make a term paper, list down possible solutions (in your own) to
address the Environmental Issues.
[Link]
change-in-the-philippines

B. Let's do Research. Search the 3 sustainable development goals 13, 14, and 15 and make a
position/argumentative paper, make a stand on how this sustainable development goals
are crucial for solving environmental issues and how this benefits for everyone.

Feedback to Assessment
Please be guided with the following criteria in answering your learning activities, practice task
and assignment.

CRITERIA Learning Activities Assessment Assignment

Content (Relevance to 10 50 25
the topics)

Organization (Unity 10 50 25
of thoughts and flow
of discussions)

TOTAL 20 100 50

Assignment

Explain the significance of why people should formulate community-based plan for
addressing Environmental Issues in order to adapt for social change.

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References

Causes of Climate Change. Retrieved from [Link]

Geronimo. J. (nd). HUMAN ADAPTATION ANDSOCIAL CHANGE GLOBAL WARMING

AND CLIMATE CHANGE. Retrieved from
[Link]
CHANGE-pptx

N,d. 1017. Five steps to address climate change and to increase the resilience of the most
vulnerable: CARE’s recommendations for COP23. Care Climate [Link]

N,d. CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PROFILE PHILIPPINES. USAID from American [Link]

N,d. April 2016. Agriculture and Climate Change: Towards Sustainable, Productive and
Climate-Friendly Agricultural Systems. OECD Meeting of Agriculture [Link]

N,d. Dec 7, 2017. Ten Signs of Global Warming. Union of Concerned Scientist. Retrieved from
[Link]

N,d. Getting a Grip on Climate Change in the Philippines. Retrieved from

[Link]
in-the-philippines

Silver. J. 2008. McGraw-Hill, Global Warming and Climate Change Demystified. How Is the
Earth’s Temperature Changing? Copyright © 2008 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. McGraw-
Hill New York, MHID: 0-07-160118-X ISBN: 978-0-07-160118-4. Printed in the United States
of America.

Overview: Weather, Global Warming and Climate Change. Retrieved from

[Link]
[Link]

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