Shapes:

W-Shape:

W shape – parallel inner and outer flange surfaces

S shape – American standard beam. It have sloped inner flanges

HP shape – Similar to W-shape. Their web and flange thickness are same and depth and flange width are
nominally equal.

M shapes – may have a sloped flange or other cross section features that do not meet criteria others
shapes listed above

Shape designation: W24X55

W – what shape the material is

24 – Nominal depth

55 – weights 55 lb/ft. (lb means pound)

Gage:

Channel:

C-shape – American standard channel. Have a slope 2/12 on inner flange

MC shape – misc channel. Mostly used as stair stringers. Have slope other than 2/12 on inner flange

Shape designation: C12X25

C/MC – what shape the material is

12 – Nominal depth

25 – Weighs 25 lb/ft. (lb means pound)

Angles:

L4X3X1/4

L - what shape the material is

4 – Leg size

3-leg size

¼ - angle thickness

Angle gage:

Structural Tees: (WT, MT & ST)

Hollow structural sections: (HSS)

Rectangular HSS

Square HSS

Round HSS

Pipe:
Three types of pipes: STD, x-strong and xx-strong.

Pipe 1 ¼ STD

1 ¼ - nominal diameter

STD – wall thickness

Plate:

Structural plate preferred practice to specify thickness:

• upto 3/8 - 1/16 increment

• over 3/8 to 1 - 1/8 increment
• over 1 - 1/4 increment

For bars:

Width – ¼ increment

Thickness – 1/8 increment

Steel Grade
Wide flange – A992 (Fy=50 ksi)

Angles – A36 (Fy=36 ksi)

Channel - A36 (Fy=36 ksi)

Plate - A36 (Fy=36 ksi)

HSS – A500 Gr.B (Fy=42 ksi & 46 ksi) or Gr.C (Fy=46 ksi & 50 ksi)

Pipe – A53 Gr.B (Fy=35 ksi)

Anchor bolts – F1554 GR.36, GR.55 & GR.105 (GR.55 need S1 weldability)

Headed studs – A108

Grating – A1011

Bolt, nut, washer grade - see in Bolt section

Bolts
Bolt length consideration per AISC:

Upto 5” bolt length – ¼ increment

Over 5” – ½ increment

Minimum stick through should be 0”

Three topics:

1-Type of bolts based on grade

2-Type of joint

3-Type of tightening method

Bolt types per grade:

Nut grade – A563

Washer grade – F436

DTI washer grade – F959

Washers:

• F436 flat hardened washer is most commonly used washer

• Tapered washer /Bevel washer used when surface being bolted has a sloped surface such as
flange of the channel or an S-shape

•
• TC bolts comes with one washer, so no need to add washer count in field bolt summary. If two
washers are required, then we can add one qty in that list
• DTI washer is used to make pre-tensioning joint
•

Type of bolted joints

[Link] connection:

Load is transferred through bearing.

N – threads included in shear plane

X – threads excluded in shear plane

[Link] critical joint:
Class-A slip co-efficient – 0.30

Class B slip co-efficient – 0.50

Type of tightening method:

1-Snug tightening

2-Pre-tensioning

Turn of nut method

Calibrated wrench method

Twist of type tension control bolts

DTI washer (direct tension indicators)

Holes
Anchor bolt holes,Lifting hole, safety cable hole/Fall arrest hole, grout hole, nailer hole, weep hole,
decker safety hole, web access hole/Rat hole, vent/drain hole will be covered In upcoming topics

Welds
CVN test (Charpy V Notch Test)
 Anchor bolt
Type of anchor bolts:

Hooked (minimum hook dimension = 3”)

Headed

Threaded with nut

Embedment - 12XD

Projection – grout thickness+base plate thickess+2D

Leveling plate thick ¼

Template thick 1/8 (one qty for 10 columns)

Sufficient clearance under leveling nut for adjustment

Minimum grout thick ¾

Anchor bottom clear 3” min

F1554 gr.55 rod should be S1 weldability if that receive tack weld

Tack weld should be bottom of nut

Joist

provide bolts at column location

If joist span is above 40-0 provide erection bolt

Provide stabilizer plate for columns (6X6)

 OSHA
Columns:

All column base plate must have minimum four anchor rods

Column splice should be 4-0 above finished floor to accommodate perimeter safety cable(also better
position to weld or bolt)

Provide safety cable hole and fall arrest holes

Provide deck support angle to support deck where column have no beams and goes through deck

Provide lifting hole (2 dia

Provide deck support at around column or post

Beam:

Minimum 2 no bolts required at each of beam

To avoid tripping hazard any connections or other obstructions should be avoided on top of beams or
joist

All double angle connections at column web that have same number of bolts must have staggered clip
and erection seat
Joist:

Provide erection bolts for every column that receive joist

Provide erection bolt for beams over 40-0 that receive joist

Provide stabilizer plate for every column (6X6) 3” under joist

Provide 13/16 dia hole for guy or plumbing cables

Stair:

Minimum stair width :

44” – IBC

36” – IBC (less than 50)

22” or 28” – OSHA

Stair slope: 30° to 50° per OSHA

Stair riser – 7 max and stair tread – 11 min

Overhead clearance – 6-8

Landing width = minimum stair width and at least 30”

Minimum projection into stair width – 4 ½

Dimension uniformity – 3/8±

Vertical rise between landing – 12 feet max

Stringer nosing – 1” min

Rails:

Guard rail height – 3-6

Handrail height – 2-10 to 3-0

Post max – 4-0 oc

Pickets – 4”

Toe plate – 1/4x4 (1/4 clr from walkway surface)

Handrail projection – 1 tread at stair bottom and 1-0 at stair top

Ladder:

Rung dia – ¾

Minimum ladder width – 1-4

Rung distance – 1-0 (10 min and 1-2 max)

Provide gage if ladder height is more than 20-0

Gage should be 7-0 minimum and 8-0 max from bottom

Top gage must be 3-6” above the point of access

Cage length from center of ladder – 27 min and 30” max

Cage wide – 27”

Hoop center to center = 4-0 max

Vertical bar center to center – 9.5 max

Grating:

19W4 :

19 – bearing bar distance

W- welded grating

4 – cross bar center distance

Grating width – 2-11 13/16 (31) and 1-11 15/16 (21)

Galv:

Member length per kettle size

Vent and drain hole

¼ clr for double angle conn for seal weld purpose

Seal weld note

Plug vent hole note

No galv note add if field weld is coming

A490 should not be galv

Hole oversize (based on customer and project)

Surface prep