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Tutorial 1 AD

This document is an aerodynamics tutorial that covers various calculations related to drag and lift forces on different shapes, including spheres, airfoils, and aircraft components. It also discusses concepts such as Mach number, center of pressure, and the continuity equation. Additionally, it includes practical applications and software recommendations for analyzing airfoils.

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12 views2 pages

Tutorial 1 AD

This document is an aerodynamics tutorial that covers various calculations related to drag and lift forces on different shapes, including spheres, airfoils, and aircraft components. It also discusses concepts such as Mach number, center of pressure, and the continuity equation. Additionally, it includes practical applications and software recommendations for analyzing airfoils.

Uploaded by

Knight!
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Aerodynamics Tutorial 1

Center of pressure, AC, Lift, Drag etc


January 25, 2025

1. A sphere with a diameter of 0.2 m is moving through air at a velocity of 50 m/s. The air
density is ρ = 1.225 kg/m3 , and the drag coefficient of the sphere is Cd = 0.47. Calculate
the drag force acting on the sphere.

2. An airfoil has a chord length of 1 m and a span of 10 m. It is operating in air with a


velocity of 60 m/s and density ρ = 1.2 kg/m3 . The lift coefficient is CL = 1.2. Calculate
the lift force acting on the airfoil.

3. An aircraft is flying at an altitude where the speed of sound is 340 m/s. If the aircraft’s
velocity is 510 m/s, determine the Mach number and classify the flow regime.

4. A typical World War I biplane fighter (such as the French SPAD) has a number of vertical
inter-wing struts and diagonal bracing wires. Assume for a given airplane that the total
length for the vertical struts (summed together) is 25 ft, and that the struts are cylindrical
with a diameter of 2 in. Assume also that the total length of the bracing wires is 80 ft,
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with a cylindrical diameter of 32 in. Calculate the drag (in pounds) contributed by these
struts and bracing wires when the airplane is flying at 120 mi/h at standard sea level.
Compare this component of drag with the total zero-lift drag for the airplane, for which
the total wing area is 230 ft2 and the zero-lift drag coefficient is 0.036.

5. A symmetric airfoil has a chord length of 2 m and is operating at an angle of attack of


α = 8◦ . The lift coefficient is CL = 0.9, and the pitching moment coefficient about the
leading edge is Cm,LE = −0.1. Find the location of the center of pressure from the leading
edge.

6. Consider a circular cylinder in a hypersonic flow, with its axis perpendicular to the flow.
Let ϕ be the angle measured between radii drawn to the leading edge (the stagnation
point) and to any arbitrary point on the cylinder. The pressure coefficient distribution
along the cylindrical surface is given by Cp = 2cos2 ϕ for 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ π/2 & 3π/2 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π
and Cp = 0 for π/2 ≤ ϕ ≤ 3π/2. Calculate the drag coefficient for the cylinder, based on
projected frontal area of the cylinder.

7. During take-off and landing, flaps are deployed. Why?

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8. Download XFLR5 software and analyze any four digit NACA airfoil. Understand the
concept of center of pressure and aerodynamic center from the analysis.

9. In your own words, explain the relevance of continuity equation.

10. What is the difference between integral and differential form of continuity equation?

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