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1) Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and solidification of sediments, which can include rock fragments and dissolved ions. They are classified into clastic, chemical, and organic types, each with distinct properties and formation processes. Sedimentary rocks have various uses and are characterized by features such as color, grain size, roundness, sorting, and reactions with hydrochloric acid.

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8 views14 pages

1) Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and solidification of sediments, which can include rock fragments and dissolved ions. They are classified into clastic, chemical, and organic types, each with distinct properties and formation processes. Sedimentary rocks have various uses and are characterized by features such as color, grain size, roundness, sorting, and reactions with hydrochloric acid.

Uploaded by

mohalajji92
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Qatar University

College of Arts and Sciences


Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences

Sedimentary Rocks
Dr. Mazin Bashri
Outline

❖ Definition of Sedimentary Rocks


❖ Distinctive Properties
❖Types of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Description of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Uses of Sedimentary Rocks
Definition of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Sedimentary rocks are those formed by the accumulation and
solidification of sediments. Theses sediments include rock fragments
and dissolved ions in water.
❖ Sediments are transported by air, water, or glacial
Distinctive Properties

❖ Sedimentary rocks are found as beds


❖ Contain fossils
❖ Contain pores
❖ Weak against weathering and erosion
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Sedimentary rocks are classified based on their formation method
into:
1) Clastic sedimentary rocks

2) Chemical sedimentary rocks

3) Organic sedimentary rocks


Types of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Clastic sedimentary rocks:
These rocks form by the accumulation of rock fragments, been
transported by water, wind, or glacials.
With time, these clasts got compacted and cemented by different
materials (e.g. Fe-oxides, CaCo3)

Mudstone Sandstone Conglomerate Breccia


Types of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Chemical sedimentary rocks
They form via the super saturation of
ions in water through evaporation.

Limestone Chert Gypsum


Types of Sedimentary Rocks
❖ Organic sedimentary rocks:
They form via the overstock of solid parts
of organics, such as skeletons and shells that
got compacted and cemented.

Skeletal limestone Gypsum


Description of Sedimentary Rocks
1. Color: the general color of the rock
2. Grain size:
- Coarse grained rocks: (grain diameter is from 2mm
– 4 mm)
Breccia Conglomerate

- Medium grained rocks: (grain diameter is from 2


mm to 0.0625 mm)
Sandstone

Mudstone
Limestone
- Fine grained rocks: (grain diameter is less than
0.0625 mm)
Description of Sedimentary Rocks
3. Roundness: is the degree of smoothing due to abrasion of sedimentary particles

4. Sorting: describes the degree of uniformity of grain size


Description of Sedimentary Rocks

5. Reaction with hydrochloric acid:


(+ve) or (-ve)

6. Depositional Environment: site where


sediments accumulated, governed by
physical, biological, and chemical
processes.
(-ve) Continental environment
(+ve) Marine environment
Description of Sedimentary Rocks
7. Type of sedimentary rock:

A. Clastic (-ve) reaction with HCl

B. Chemical (+ve) reaction with HCl + does not contain fossil content

C. Organic (+ve) reaction with HCl + contains fossils content

8. The Name
Uses of Sedimentary Rocks

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