Ultrasonic Pest Repeller Project Report
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
by
MD AYAN
Reg. No.: 22110140010
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
MAULANA AZAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
(A Non-Autonomous College)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of India
Affiliated to Bihar Engineering University, Govt. of Bihar
PATNA, BIHAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt thanks to my project
guide, MD NAUSHAD AKHTAR SIR, for their invaluable
guidance, constant encouragement, and insightful feedback
throughout the course of this project. Their expertise and
support have been crucial in shaping the direction and quality
of this work.
I would also like to thank the faculty members of the EEE for
their assistance and for providing me with the resources and
knowledge necessary to carry out this project.
A special thanks to my classmates and friends, whose support
and collaboration have made the entire process much
smoother and enjoyable. Their discussions, suggestions, and
encouragement kept me motivated.
Abstract
This report presents the design, construction, and working
principle of an Ultrasonic Pest Repeller circuit based on a
single-transistor oscillator. The device operates by generating
ultrasonic frequencies (~20-40 kHz) that are unpleasant to
pests like rats, cockroaches, and mosquitoes, but inaudible to
humans. The project demonstrates how simple, low-cost
electronic components can be combined to create a useful
household and agricultural protection device.
This project is about making a mosquito and pest repellent
circuit using a single transistor. The device emits high-
frequency ultrasonic sound (above 20 kHz), which is
inaudible to humans but disturbs mosquitoes and certain pests,
driving them away.
1. Introduction and Importance in Today's
World
In today’s environment, pest control is a major concern in
households, farms, and storage areas. Traditional pest
control methods involve chemical sprays and poisons which
are harmful to humans, pets, and the environment. An
Ultrasonic Pest Repeller provides an eco-friendly, non-toxic,
and safe alternative. By emitting high-frequency ultrasonic
waves, the device deters pests effectively without killing
them or polluting the surroundings.
Disease Prevention: Mosquitoes are vectors for malaria,
dengue, and other diseases, especially in tropical regions.
Non-toxic Solution: Unlike chemical repellents (coils,
sprays), this circuit avoids environmental toxins and
respiratory risks.
Energy Efficient: Uses minimal electrical power, making
it ideal for continuous protection, especially in off-grid or
low-resource areas.
Economical and Accessible: Simple components ensure
low production cost and ease of DIY assembly for
personal and community use.
2. Principle of Operation
The principle of operation of the Ultrasonic Pest Repeller is
based on generating sound waves in the ultrasonic range
(above 20 kHz). These sound waves interfere with the
nervous systems of insects and rodents, causing discomfort
and disorientation. The circuit uses a simple transistor
oscillator to drive a piezoelectric speaker, producing
ultrasonic sound continuously. The frequency depends on
the values of the resistors, capacitors, and transistor
configuration.
The circuit works on the ultrasound generation principle:
Mosquitoes, especially fertilized females, avoid ultrasonic
frequencies that mimic the natural sounds produced by
male mosquitoes.
The generated ultrasonic frequency (20–40 kHz) stresses
mosquito antennae, interfering with their communication
and navigation abilities, thus repelling them from the area.
Humans cannot hear these frequencies since the human
audio range is only up to 20 kHz.
3. Components Used
Component Specification / Value Role in Circuit
Resistor R1 10 k Sets base bias current
Controls transistor emitter
Capacitor C2 0.01 µF current
Timing capacitor to set
Capacitor C1 0.01 µF oscillation frequency
Transistor Q1 BC547 (NPN) Amplifies and oscillates signal
Converts electrical signal into
Piezoelectric Speaker ~40 kHz rated ultrasonic sound
Provides operating voltage
Power Supply 12V DC
Bourns 3296W
Trimmer for precise control of
Potentiometer 500mW resistance or voltage
4. Circuit Diagram
The circuit diagram consists of a BC547 NPN transistor
configured as an oscillator, with R1, C2,
and C1 determining the oscillation frequency. The output
drives a piezoelectric transducer which
produces ultrasonic waves. The circuit operates on a 12V DC
supply. [Insert Circuit Diagram Here]
Collector to buzzer (+)
Emitter to ground
Base via capacitor and resistor chain to (+)
Buzzer (-) to supply (+).
5. Steps for Circuit Making
1. Gather all required components as per the list.
2. Place the transistor on a breadboard or PCB.
3. Connect resistor R1 (10k) between Vcc and base of
transistor.
4. Connect capacitor C2 (0.01µF) between emitter and
ground.
5. Connect capacitor C1 (0.01µF) between collector and
base.
6. Connect the piezoelectric speaker to the collector output.
7. Provide a 12V DC power supply to the circuit.
8. Check the circuit connections carefully before powering
on..
6. Working of the Circuit
When powered ON, the biasing resistors provide base
current to the transistor, allowing it to enter active region.
The capacitor provides feedback from collector to base,
setting up oscillations. The oscillating current through the
piezo speaker causes it to vibrate at ultrasonic frequencies.
This sound is inaudible to humans but irritates pests, driving
them away.
When powered, current flows through the base resistor and
charges the capacitor, switching the transistor ON and OFF
in a rapid cycle.
These oscillations generate electrical pulses at ultrasonic
frequencies, amplified by the transistor and converted into
sound by the buzzer.
Mosquitoes sense these pulses through their antennae, find
the environment hostile, and avoid the protected area.
7. Precautions
Always double-check connections before powering the circuit.
- Ensure capacitor and resistors are of correct values,
otherwise frequency may not reach ultrasonic range.
- Do not use a supply voltage above 9V to avoid damaging
components.
- Keep the circuit away from water or high humidity.
- Avoid direct exposure of ultrasonic sound to infants or pets
for long durations.
Double-check component polarity (especially transistor
pins and buzzer terminals) before powering on.
Use the correct battery voltage to avoid damaging
components.
Handle the circuit gently to avoid static electricity damage
to semiconductor parts.
Do not expose the circuit to moisture or water.
Avoid direct human proximity to buzzer when using high
voltages or professional ultrasonic transducers.
8. Conclusion
The Ultrasonic Pest Repeller provides an economical and
environmentally friendly solution for repelling pests. Using a
simple transistor-based oscillator circuit, ultrasonic
frequencies are generated effectively. This project
demonstrates the importance of basic electronic design in
solving real-world problems and highlights the potential of
non-chemical pest control methods. With further
improvements, such as frequency modulation and higher
power output, the design can be made more effective for
large-scale applications.
The single transistor mosquito and pest repeller circuit is an
effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly method to manage
pests. Its reliance on ultrasonic frequency aligns with natural
mosquito behavior, providing protection without chemicals
or environmental harm. The project is an excellent entry
point for electronics hobbyists and demonstrates a practical
application of simple components for public health and day-
to-day comfort.