A torque T = 100 N · m is applied to the shaft EFG, which is running at constant speed and contains gear F.
Gear F transmits torque to shaft ABCD through gear C, which drives the chain sprocket at B, transmitting a
force P as shown. Sprocket B, gear C, and gear F have pitch diameters of a = 150, b = 250, and c = 125 mm,
respectively. The contact force between the gears is transmitted through the pressure angle ϕ = 20°.
Assuming no frictional losses and considering the bearings at A, D, E, and G to be simple supports, locate
the point on shaft ABCD that contains the maximum tensile bending and maximum torsional shear stresses.
Combine these stresses and determine the maximum principal normal and shear stresses in the shaft.
T 100
Ft = = = 1600 N
c / 2 0.125 / 2
Fn = 1600 tan 20 = 582.4 N
TC = Ft ( b 2 ) = 1600 ( 0.250 2 ) = 200 N m
TC 200
P= = = 2667 N
( a 2 ) ( 0.150 2 )
( M A )z = 0
450RDy − 582.4(325) − 2667(75) = 0
RDy = 865.1 N
( MA ) y = 0 = −450RDz +1600(325) RDz = 1156 N
Fy = 0 = RAy +865.1− 582.4 − 2667 RAy = 2384 N
Fz = 0 = RAz + 1156 − 1600 RAz = 444 N
AB The maximum bending moment will either be at B or C. If this is not obvious, sketch
the shear and bending moment diagrams. We will directly obtain the combined moments
from each plane.
M B = AB RA2y + RA2z = 0.075 23842 + 4442 = 181.9 N m
M C = CD RD2 y + RD2 z = 0.125 865.12 + 11562 = 180.5 N m
The stresses at B and C are almost identical, but the maximum
stresses occur at B.
B =
32 M B 32(181.9)
= ( )
= 68.6 106 Pa = 68.6 MPa
d 3
(
0.0303 )
B =
16TB
=
16(200)
( )
= 37.7 106 Pa = 37.7 MPa
d 3
(
0.0303 )
2 2
B 68.6 68.6
max = + B + B2 = + 2
+ 37.7 = 85.3 MPa Ans.
2 2 2 2
2 2
68.6
max = B + B2 = + 37.72
= 51.0 MPa Ans.
2 2
τ (MPa)
37.7 A(68.6,37.7)
R=51
85.3
σ (MPa)
34.3 68.6
-37.7 B(0,-37.7)
A cantilevered beam is loaded as shown. The cross section at the wall is shown, with points of interest A (at the top),
B (at the center), and C (midway between A and B).
(a) Sketch the stress elements at points A, B, and C. Calculate the magnitudes of the stresses acting on the stress
elements. Do not neglect transverse shear stress.
(b) Find the maximum shear stresses (i.e., from Mohr’s circle) for the stress elements at A, B, and C.
(c) Assuming the critical stress element is the one with the largest maximum shear stress from part (b), which point
is critical?
(d) If the length of the beam is varied from longer to shorter, the critical stress element will switch from point A to
point B. At what length does this happen?
The part shown is loaded at point C with 300 N in the positive x
direction and at point E with 200 N in the positive y direction.
The diameter of the bar ABD is 12 mm. Evaluate the likelihood
of failure in section AB by providing the following information:
(a) Determine the precise location of the critical stress element
at the cross section at A (i.e., specify the radial distance and
the angle from the vertical y axis).
(b) Sketch the critical stress element and determine magnitudes
and directions for all stresses acting on it.
(c) Sketch the Mohr’s circle for the critical stress element,
approximately to scale. Label the locations of all three
principal stresses and the maximum shear stress.
(d) For the critical stress element, determine the three principal
stresses and the maximum shear stress.
A short, cantilevered round peg is 40 mm in diameter and extends 10 mm from the wall. It is loaded, as shown, with a force
F = 50 kN applied at the tip in the negative z direction, and a torque T = 800 N-m. The cross section at the wall is also
shown, with points of interest A, B, and C.
(a) Sketch the stress elements at points A, B, and C. Calculate the magnitudes of the stresses acting on the stress elements.
Do not neglect transverse shear stress.
(b) Find the maximum shear stresses (i.e., from Mohr’s circle) for the stress elements at A, B, and C.
(c) Assuming the critical stress element is the one with the largest maximum shear stress from part (b), which point is
critical?
A countershaft carrying two V-belt pulleys is shown in the figure.
Pulley A receives power from a motor through a belt with the belt
tensions shown. The power is transmitted through the shaft and
delivered to the belt on pulley B. Assume the belt tension on the
loose side at B is 15 percent of the tension on the tight side.
(a) Determine the tensions in the belt on pulley B, assuming the
shaft is running at a constant speed.
(b) Find the magnitudes of the bearing reaction forces, assuming the
bearings act as simple supports.
(c) Draw shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the shaft. If
needed, make one set for the horizontal plane and another set for
the vertical plane.
(d) At the point of maximum bending moment, determine the
bending stress and the torsional shear stress.
(e) At the point of maximum bending moment, determine the
principal stresses and the maximum shear stress.
(c)
(d) The maximum bending moment is at x = 230 mm, and is M = –698.3 N·m. Since the shaft rotates, each
stress element will experience both positive and negative bending stress as it moves from tension to
compression. The torque transmitted through the shaft from A to B is T = (1800 − 270)(0.200) = 306 N·m.
For a stress element on the outer surface where the bending stress and the torsional stress are both maximum,