PROJECT TOPIC 1:

Development of a Cloud-Based Telemetry System for Real-Time RF-EMF

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The rapid expansion of wireless communication infrastructure, including
cellular base stations, Wi-Fi access points, and broadcasting antennas, has
led to the widespread deployment of RF-EMF (Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Field) sources in residential, commercial, and educational
environments. While these technologies are essential for modern
communication, they have raised public concerns regarding continuous
exposure to electromagnetic radiation and its potential health implications.
Currently, RF-EMF exposure assessment is primarily conducted using
manual and periodic measurement methods, which require expensive
equipment and skilled personnel. These traditional monitoring approaches
are costly, time-consuming, and incapable of providing continuous (24/7)
real-time surveillance of radiation levels in populated areas. As a result,
there is limited availability of affordable and automated systems for
continuous environmental RF-EMF monitoring.
Furthermore, members of the public lack transparent and accessible real-
time data to independently verify whether nearby telecommunication base
stations comply with international and national safety standards such as
those set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection (ICNIRP) and the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC).
This information gap contributes to uncertainty, mistrust, and public anxiety
regarding radiation exposure levels.
JUSTIFICATION:
The rapid wide spreading of RF-emitting infrastructure in residential and
urban environments has intensified public health concerns regarding
continuous exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Addressing these
concerns requires a reliable system capable of monitoring exposure levels in
a transparent and scientifically verifiable manner.
Existing RF-EMF assessment methods rely largely on expensive manual
monitoring systems that require specialized equipment and trained
personnel. These conventional approaches are not only costly but also
unsuitable for large-scale and continuous environmental surveillance.
There is therefore a pressing need for the development of a cost-effective
and automated alternative that enables continuous (24/7) monitoring of
radiation levels, particularly in residential areas where human exposure is
highest.
Furthermore, providing the public with transparent, real-time access to
RF-EMF data will allow independent verification of whether nearby base
stations comply with established safety standards such as those set by
ICNIRP and the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). This
transparency will enhance public trust, regulatory accountability, and overall
public safety.
Methodology
Hardware Unit:
 RF Sensing: Utilization of a logarithmic detector (AD8318) to detect
RF power levels from 1 MHz to 8 GHz.
 Processing & Transmission: Use of an ESP32 Microcontroller for
Analog-to-Digital conversion and Wi-Fi connectivity.
  Power Management: Regulated DC power supply for continuous
operation

Software Architecture.
 Backend API: Development of a RESTful API using [Link] and
[Link] to receive telemetry data and [Link] for Realtime update.
 Database: Implementation of MongoDB to store time-series radiation
data (timestamps, frequency, power level).
 Frontend Dashboard: Develop of web-app dashboard for real-time
visualizing of RF-EMF level Graph and the map for visualization of
location using [Link]. if radiation exceeds safety thresholds The Real-
time alert banner will be display.
PROJECT TOPIC 2:
Design and Implementation of a Secure IoT-Based Biometric Attendance
System Using MQTT Protocol for Real-Time Academic Monitoring

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Attendance management in academic institutions has evolved from
traditional manual paper-based sign-in sheets and verbal roll calls to digital
alternatives such as QR code scanning systems. However, both approaches
remain fundamentally flawed and easy to exploit. Manual methods are time-
consuming, prone to human error, and vulnerable to proxy attendance where
students sign in on behalf of absent colleagues. QR code-based systems are
no better, as students can simply share the QR code digitally with absent
friends who then mark attendance from a completely different location
without being physically present in class. This widespread malpractice
completely undermines the integrity of academic attendance records, making
it impossible for institutions to make accurate and reliable decisions based
on such data.
Beyond proxy attendance, systems that require students to mark attendance
individually in a sequential manner create severe time inefficiencies,
particularly in large academic settings. In lecture halls comprising 200 or
more students, marking attendance one after the other results in excessively
long queues that consume valuable lecture time and disrupt the learning
environment. This problem is further compounded by the fact that lecturers
and academic tutors are burdened with the responsibility of manually
computing each student's cumulative attendance percentage to identify those
failing to meet the required 70% threshold for examination eligibility — a
tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming task that diverts academic staff
from their primary responsibility of teaching and negatively impacts the
overall quality of academic administration.
JUSTIFICATION:
The justification for this project is rooted in the clear and demonstrable
failures of existing attendance management systems in academic institutions.
QR code-based systems are highly vulnerable to digital sharing, allowing
students to falsify attendance without physical presence, thereby threatening
academic integrity and rendering institutional policies on attendance
unreliable. Manual systems compound this problem further by consuming
valuable lecture time, particularly in large classes of 200 or more students
where sequential marking creates long queues that cumulatively result in
significant loss of teaching and learning hours across an academic semester.
Beyond attendance marking, the administrative burden on lecturers to
manually compute and track each student's attendance percentage to enforce
the 70% examination eligibility threshold is both tedious and error-prone.
Such errors carry serious academic consequences, including wrongly barring
eligible students from examinations or permitting ineligible ones to sit,
undermining the credibility and fairness of institutional academic decisions.
Academic staff deserve tools that allow them to focus on teaching and
student support rather than repetitive administrative computations.
This project is therefore justified on the grounds of academic integrity,
institutional efficiency, data accuracy, and staff welfare. The implementation
of a secure IoT-based biometric attendance system powered by the MQTT
protocol directly addresses these concerns by eliminating proxy attendance
through fingerprint verification, reducing attendance marking time, and
providing lecturers with instant automated compliance analytics — making
it a timely and relevant solution for academic institutions where such
systems remain largely absent.
METHODOLOGY:
The development of this project follows a structured Prototyping Model
approach, which allows for iterative design, testing, and refinement of both
hardware and software components until the desired system performance is
achieved. The methodology is divided into six phases:
Phase 1: Requirement Analysis:
 Microcontroller: ESP32 Development Board responsible for local data
processing, Wi-Fi connectivity, and MQTT message publishing to the
cloud broker.
 Biometric Sensor: AS608/R307 Fingerprint Sensor Module used for
fingerprint enrolment, capturing, and matching of student fingerprint
templates.
 Display Module: 0.96" OLED Display provides instant visual
feedback to students upon successful or failed attendance marking.
 Power Supply: Regulated 5V DC Power Adapter ensures stable and
continuous power delivery to all hardware components.
 Connecting Components: Jumper wires, breadboard, and resistors for
circuit connections and hardware prototyping.
 Cloud MQTT Broker: HiveMQ free cloud broker — serves as the
central message broker for receiving and routing MQTT messages from
the ESP32 to the backend server.
 Backend Server: [Link] and [Link] framework hosted on a cloud
platform for API development and MQTT subscription.
 Database: PostgreSQL database for structured storage of attendance
records, student biodata, and compliance data.
 Mobile Application Framework: Flutter SDK for cross-platform
mobile application development targeting Android and iOS platforms
Phase 2: System design:
 System Architecture: Development of a system block diagram
illustrating the interaction between the ESP32 microcontroller,
MQTT broker, backend server, database, and mobile application.
 Circuit Design: Design of the hardware circuit schematic showing
pin connections between the ESP32, fingerprint sensor, OLED
display, buzzer, and power supply.
 Database & Flowchart Design: Design of a relational database
schema for student records, attendance logs, and compliance
tracking, alongside a system flowchart illustrating the complete
attendance marking process.
PROJECT TOPIC 3:
Design and implementation of IOT Telemetry Node For Real-Time
Quality of Service (QOS) Analysis of Mobile Networks.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Mobile networks are a critical part of modern communication, yet users
frequently experience inconsistent network quality characterized by dropped
calls, slow internet speeds, high latency, and variable throughput.
Traditional methods for monitoring network performance, such as manual
drive tests, are labour-intensive, expensive, and provide only periodic
snapshots of network quality.
As a result, network operators lack real-time visibility into the performance
of their networks, making it difficult to detect issues proactively.
Maintenance and optimization efforts are often reactive rather than
preventive, leading to prolonged network downtime, poor user experience,
and inefficient resource allocation.
There is therefore a pressing need for a cost-effective, IoT-based telemetry
system capable of continuously monitoring mobile network QoS metrics in
real time. Such a system would provide operators and stakeholders with
actionable insights, enable proactive maintenance, and improve overall
network performance and reliability.
JUSTIFICATION:
The shift towards IoT and cloud-based network management provides a
massive opportunity to replace outdated, manual testing methods with smart,
scalable solutions. Developing an IoT telemetry node introduces a proactive
approach to QoS analysis by capturing real-time network metrics—such as
signal strength, call setup success rate, and data throughput—directly at the
edge.
METHODOLOGY:
Hardware Unit:
 Utilization of a GSM Transceiver Module (SIM800L) to act as a probe
node.
 Programmed to extract real-time Quality of Service (QoS) parameters
such as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), BER (Bit Error
Rate), and Network Registration Status.
 Utilization of Neo-6m GPS to get the latitude and longitude in order
show the location of good network and bad network in the map.
 Use of an ESP32 Microcontroller to interface with the GSM module,
Neo-6m GPS via UART (AT Commands) and handle Wi-Fi
connectivity.
 The ESP32 processes the raw AT command responses into digital QoS
metrics before transmission and it will be transferring this data within
set period of time.
 Implementation of a high-current Buck Converter (LM2596) to step
down 12V/9V to 4V/2A. Crucial for handling the high current bursts
(up to 2A) required by the GSM module during network transmission.

Software Unit:
 Development of a RESTful API using [Link] and [Link] to receive
the QoS telemetry data packets (JSON format).
 Integration of Data-Base to store time-series network data (timestamps,
Signal Strength in dBm, Bit Error Rate, Cell ID).
 Development of a cross-platform mobile app using React Native for
real-time monitoring and Push Notifications if network quality drops
below a specific threshold and displaying of map to show where the
network is good or bad.