Class 12 Mathematics Formulas
Integration Formulas:
∫ k dx = kx + C
∫ x^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C , (n ≠ -1)
∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
∫ e^x dx = e^x + C
∫ a^x dx = (a^x / ln(a)) + C
∫ sin(x) dx = -cos(x) + C
∫ cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C
∫ sec^2(x) dx = tan(x) + C
∫ cosec^2(x) dx = -cot(x) + C
∫ sec(x)tan(x) dx = sec(x) + C
∫ cosec(x)cot(x) dx = -cosec(x) + C
∫ 1/(x^2 + 1) dx = arctan(x) + C
∫ 1/√(1 - x^2) dx = arcsin(x) + C
∫ 1/(a^2 + x^2) dx = (1/a) arctan(x/a) + C
∫ 1/√(x^2 - a^2) dx = ln|x + √(x^2 - a^2)| + C
Trigonometry Formulas:
sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1
1 + tan^2(x) = sec^2(x)
1 + cot^2(x) = cosec^2(x)
sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)
cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x) = 2cos^2(x) - 1 = 1 - 2sin^2(x)
tan(2x) = 2tan(x)/(1 - tan^2(x))
sin(A ± B) = sinAcosB ± cosAsinB
cos(A ± B) = cosAcosB ■ sinAsinB
tan(A ± B) = (tanA ± tanB)/(1 ■ tanA tanB)
sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/2
cos^2(x) = (1 + cos(2x))/2
tan^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/(1 + cos(2x))