OpenCV (Python) Functionality Overview
Function / Utility Sub-topic Work (Description)
Reads an image file into a NumPy
array (BGR color by default) 1 .
[Link]() Image I/O
Supports formats like JPEG, PNG,
BMP.
Saves an image (NumPy array) to
[Link]() Image I/O
disk (PNG, JPEG, BMP, etc.) 2 .
Creates a window and displays an
[Link]() GUI / Display image (requires waitKey to
render) 3 .
Converts image between color
Color
[Link]() spaces (e.g. BGR↔RGB,
Conversion
BGR→GRAY, BGR↔HSV) 4 .
Rescales image to a new size or by
Geometric specified scale factors
[Link]()
Transform (upsampling/downsampling with
interpolation) 5 .
Rotates an image by 90°/180°/
Geometric
[Link]() 270° (clockwise/counterclockwise)
Transform
using built-in codes 6 .
Applies fixed-level thresholding:
pixels above/below a threshold
[Link]() Thresholding
are set to max/min (binary
segmentation) 7 .
Computes local thresholds over
[Link]() Thresholding image regions (useful for uneven
illumination) 8 .
Smooths image with Gaussian
[Link]() Image Filtering kernel (reduces noise and detail)
9 .
Applies median filter (replaces
pixel with median of neighbors),
[Link]() Image Filtering
effective at removing salt–pepper
noise 10 .
Performs pixel-wise logical
Bitwise operations ( cv2.bitwise_and/ Bitwise operations (masking or combining
or/xor/not ) Operations images via AND, OR, XOR, NOT)
11 .
1
Function / Utility Sub-topic Work (Description)
Blends two images: computes
Image weighted sum dst=α·img1 +
[Link]()
Blending β·img2 + γ (used for
transitions/overlays) 12 .
Extracts contours (boundaries)
Contour
[Link]() from a binary image (useful for
Detection
object shape detection) 13 .
Morphology:
erode shrinks object regions
Morphological (removes boundary pixels);
[Link]() / [Link]()
Ops dilate expands them (adds
boundary pixels) 14 15 .
Detects circular shapes using
Shape
[Link]() Hough Circle Transform (finds
Detection
center & radius of circles) 16 .
Harris corner detector: computes
Feature
[Link]() corner response at each pixel
Detection
(identifies image corners) 17 .
Shi-Tomasi corner detector: finds
Feature
[Link]() the strongest corners (interest
Detection
points) for tracking 18 .
Detects scale-invariant keypoints
Feature
cv2.SIFT_create() and computes descriptors (SIFT)
Detection
19 .
Speeded-up feature detector/
Feature
cv2.xfeatures2d.SURF_create() descriptors (SURF: faster
Detection
approximation of SIFT) 20 .
Detects FAST keypoints and
Feature computes BRIEF descriptors,
cv2.ORB_create()
Detection oriented (free alternative to SIFT/
SURF) 21 .
Brute-Force matcher: compares
Feature
[Link]() descriptors between images (e.g.,
Matching
Hamming or L2 distance) 22 .
Loads Haar cascade (XML) for
Object detecting objects (e.g., face, eyes).
[Link]()
Detection Performs fast, sliding-window
detection 23 .
Captures video frames from
[Link]() Video I/O camera or file (initialize with
device index or filename) 24 .
2
Function / Utility Sub-topic Work (Description)
Writes video to file: specify codec,
[Link]() Video I/O
frame rate and frame size 24 .
Draws geometric shapes and text
Drawing shapes ( [Link]() , Drawing / on images for marking/
[Link]() , etc.) Annotation visualization (e.g. bounding
boxes) 25 .
Sources: OpenCV documentation and tutorials provide details on each function’s role 1 2 4 5
6 7 8 26 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 .
1 3 Reading and Displaying Images in Python using OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
2 Read, Display and Write an Image using OpenCV
[Link]
4 Python OpenCV | [Link]() method - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
5 6 Rotate and Resize Image using OpenCV - Python Geeks
[Link]
7 Simple Thresholding using OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
8 Thresholding in OpenCV - Python Geeks
[Link]
9 10 Python | Image blurring using OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
11 12 OpenCV: Arithmetic Operations on Images
[Link]
13 Find and Draw Contours using OpenCV - Python - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
14 15 Erosion and Dilation of images using OpenCV in Python - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
16 Circle Detection using OpenCV | Python - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
17 Python | Corner detection with Harris Corner Detection method using OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
18 Corner Detection with Shi-Tomasi Corner Detection Method using OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
19 SIFT Interest Point Detector Using Python - OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
20 OpenCV: Introduction to SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features)
[Link]
3
21 Feature matching using ORB algorithm in Python-OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
22 Feature Matching in OpenCV - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
23 Face Detection using Cascade Classifier using OpenCV - Python - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
24 Python OpenCV: Capture Video from Camera - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
25 Python OpenCV | [Link]() method - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]
26 Python OpenCV - Canny() Function - GeeksforGeeks
[Link]