Lesson 14.

Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Grade VIII Basic concepts – A Flow Chart

CHEM ICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

On passage of electric current through a solution following

chemical effects may be seen:

 Bubbles of a gas on electrodes

 Deposits of metal on electrodes
 Change of colour of solution

Conduction of Electricity Electrolysis

Liquids
The chemical decomposition of constituents
 Liquids containing salts, acids or bases
of solution on passage of electric current.
conduct electricity.
 Distilled water does not conduct electricity
Application
because it does not have free ions.
 The liquid which conducts electricity and Electroplating
undergoes decomposition is called the
electrolyte.
 It is the process of depositing a thin layer of metal on
 The electrode connected to the positive any conducting substance by the process of
terminal of battery is called anode while electrolysis.
that connected to the negative terminal is  The object to be electroplated is made the cathode
called cathode. (negative electrode) by connecting it to the negative
terminal of the battery. The metal which has to be
deposited is made the anode (positive electrode) by
connecting it to the positive terminal of the battery.
The electrolyte is usually a salt solution of the metal to
be coated.

Applications of Electroplating

 Metals that rust are often coated with other.

 Chromium plating is found on bath taps, car bumpers,
etc. to give a bright attractive appearance , etc. to give
a bright attractive appearance and resistance to
scratches and wear.
 Sliver plating is done on cutlery and jewellery items.

1 Created by Pinkz
 Know t he Terms

 LED (Light Emit t ing Diode): The device which is used in t he t est er in place of bulb is called

LED. I t is used when a weak elect r ic f lows t hr ough it and it st ar t s t o glow in weak cur r ent .

 Elect r oplat ing : The pr ocess of deposit ing a layer of any desir ed met al on anot her mat er nal

by means of elect r icit y is called elect r oplat ing. I t is he most common applicat ion of chemical

ef f ect s of elect r ic cur r ent .

 Elect r olyt e : An elect r olyt e is a liquid which conduct s elect r icit y e.g., a solut ion of copper

sulphat e salt in wat er is an elect r olyt e.

 Elect r ode : I t is a solid elect r ical conduct or t hr ough which an elect r ic cur r ent ent er s or

leaves somet hing like a dr y cell or an elect r olyt ic cell. Elect r odes ar e of t wo t ypes i.e., anode

and cat hode.

 Elect r olyt ic Cell : An elect r olyt ic cell is an ar r angement having t wo elect r odes > Elect r olysis

: The chemical decomposit ion pr oduced by passing an elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough an elect r olyt e

is called elect r olysis, e.g., acidif ied wat er decomposes int o hydr ogen and oxygen on passing

an elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough it .

 Test er : The inst r ument used t o t est whet her any mat er ial is good conduct or or not is called

t est er .

 Cir cuit : The closed pat h t hr ough which elect r ic cur r ent passes f r om one par t t o anot her

par t is called elect r ic cir cuit .

Obj ect ive Type Q uest ions (1 Marks)

I . Mult iple Choice Q uest ions

1. An elect r ic cur r ent can pr oduce : (NCERT Exemplar)

(a) heat ing ef f ect only (b) chemical ef f ect only

(c) magnet ic ef f ect (d) chemical, heat ing and magnet ic ef f ect

2 Created by Pinkz
2. Booj ho and Paheli per f or med exper iment s t aking similar bulb and cells but t wo dif f er ent

solut ions A and B as shown in Fig. (NCERT Exemplar )

They f ound t hat t he bulb in t he set up A glows mor e br ight ly as compar ed t o t hat of t he

set up B. You would conclude t hat :

(a) higher cur r ent is f lowing t hr ough t he cir cuit in set up A

(b) higher cur r ent is f lowing t hr ough t he cir cuit in set up B

(c) equal cur r ent is f lowing t hr ough bot h t he cir cuit s

(d) t he cur r ent f lowing t hr ough t he cir cuit in t he t wo set ups cannot be compar ed in t his

manner .

3. Booj ho' s uncle has set up an elect r oplat ing f act or y near his village. He should dispose of t he

wast e of t he f act or y : (NCERT Exemplar)

(a) in t he near by r iver

(b) in t he near by pond

(c) in t he near by cor nf ield

(d) accor ding t o t he disposals guidelines of t he local aut hor it y

4. When elect r ic cur r ent is passed t hr ough a conduct ing solut ion, t her e is a change of colour of

t he solut ion. This indicat es : (NCERT Exemplar )

(a) t he chemical ef f ect of cur r ent (b) t he heat ing ef f ect of cur r ent

(c) t he magnet ic ef f ect of cur r ent (d) t he light ning ef f ect of cur r ent

5. Which one of t he f ollowing solut ions will not conduct elect r icit y ? (NCERT Exemplar)

(a) lemon j uice (b) vinegar (c) t ap wat er (d) veget able oil

6. Which of t he f ollowing met als is used in elect r oplat ing t o make obj ect s appear shining?

(NCERT Exemplar)

(a) ir on (b) copper (c) chr omium (d) aluminium

3 Created by Pinkz
7. Which of t he f ollowing solut ions will not make t he bulb in Fig. glow ? (NCERT Exemplar )

(a) sodium chlor ides (b) copper sulphat e

(c) silver nit r at e (d) sugar solut ion in dilut ed wat er

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d)

I I . Mult iple Choice Q uest ions

1. Plast ic wir e is

a. An insulat or b. A conduct or

c. Bot h of t hese d. None of t hese

2. Elect r oplat ing is based on

a. Magnet ic ef f ect of elect r icit y b. Chemical ef f ect of elect r icit y

c. Heat ing ef f ect of elect r icit y d. Physical ef f ect of elect r icit y

3. Adding common salt t o dist illed wat er makes it

a. Good conduct or b. I nsulat or

c. None d. Bot h a and b

4. An elect r olyt e is

a. A met al b. A solut ion

c. A liquid t hat conduct s cur r ent d. All of above

5. Copper wir e is a

a. Good conduct or b. Poor conduct or

c. Bot h a and b d. None of t hese

6. Poor conduct or s ar e

a. Plast ics b. Clot hes

c. Wood d. All of t hese

4 Created by Pinkz
7. Dist illed wat er is

a. Poor conduct or b. Good conduct or

c. Bot h a and b d. None

8. Flow a elect r ons is called

a. Elect r oplat ing b. Elect r ic cur r ent

c. Elect r odes d. Elect r olyt e

9. Elect r oplat ing pr event s

a. Cur r ent b. Chemical ef f ect

c. Rust ing d. All

10. Al elect r ic lamp glows due t o

a. Chemical ef f ect b. Magnet ic ef f ect

c. Heat ing ef f ect d. None

1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a

6. d 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. c

I . Fill in t he blanks

1. The obj ect s t o be elect r oplat ed is t aken as _________________elect r ode.

2. One of t he most common applicat ions of chemical ef f ect of elect r ic cur r ent is

_________________.

3. Small amount of a miner al salt pr esent nat ur ally in wat er makes it a _________________

of elect r icit y.

4. Elect r oplat ing of _________________ is done on obj ect s like wat er t aps and cycle bells t o

give t hem a shiny appear ance.

5. Most liquids t hat conduct elect r icit y ar e t he solut ion of _________________,

_________________, and _________________.

6. The passage of an elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough a solut ion causes ef f ect s.

7. I f you pass cur r ent t hr ough copper sulphat e solut ions, copper get s deposit ed on t he plat e

connect ed t o t he_________________t er minal of t he bat t er y.

8. The pr ocess of deposit ing a layer of any desir ed met al on anot her mat er ial by means of

elect r icit y is called _________________.

9. _________________ is an example of an elect r olyt ic solut ion.

5 Created by Pinkz
10. _________________ wat er is a poor conduct or of elect r icit y.

11. An elect r ic lamp glows due t o _________________ ef f ect of elect r ic cur r ent .

12. _________________does not cor r ode easily.

1. negat ive 2. elect r oplat ing 3. good conduct or 4. chr omium

5. acids, bases, salt s 6. chemical 7. negat ive 8. elect r oplat ing

9. Copper sulphat e 10. Dist illed 11. heat ing 12. plast ic

solut ion

I I . Fill in t he blanks

1. The closed pat h t hr ough which t he cur r ent f lows is called __________.

2. The def lect ion in __________ shows t hat cur r ent is passing.

3. Dist illed wat er is an __________ of t he elect r icit y.

4. Flow of negat ively char ged elect r ons is called __________.

5. Most of t he conduct ing liquids ar e t he solut ions of __________ , __________ and

__________.

6. An elect r ic lamp glows due t o __________ ef f ect of elect r ic cur r ent .

7. Met als such as copper and aluminium conduct __________.

8. __________ does not cor r ode easily.

9. Elect r odes ar e __________.

10. An elect r olyt e is __________.

2. Magnet ic 4. Elect r ic 5. Acids,

1. Cir cuit 3. I nsulat or
compass cur r ent bases, salt s

6. Heat ing 7. Elect r icit y 8. Chr omium 9. Met al 10. Liquid

6 Created by Pinkz
 I . Mat ch t he f ollowing

1. Mat ch t he it ems given in Column A wit h t hose in Column B suit ably.

Column A Column B

(i) I nsulat or (a) Elect r ic cir cuit

(ii) Conduct or (b) Conduct cur r ent

(iii) Closed pat h (c) Pr event s r ust ing

(iv) Solut ion of dist illed wat er and salt (d) Rubber

(v) Elect r oplat ing (e) Copper

(i) . (d) (ii) . (e) (iii) . (a) (iv) . (b) (v) . (c)

2. Mat ch t he it ems given in Column A wit h t hose in Column B suit ably.

Column A Column B

(i) Copper and aluminium (a) Elect r odes

(ii) A t est er (b) Good conduct or

(iii) Car bon r od (c) Det ect t he cur r ent

(iv) Elect r oplat ing (d) Good conduct or

(v) Lemon j uice (e) Pr event r est ing

(i) . (d) (ii) . (c) (iii) . (a) (iv) . (e) (v) . (b)

7 Created by Pinkz
 I I . Mat ch t he f ollowing

Column I Column I I

1. I nsulat or (i) Elect r ic cir cuit

2. Conduct or (ii) Conduct s cur r ent

3. Closed pat h (iii) Pr event r ust ing

4. Solut ion of dist illed wat er (iv) Rubber and salt

5. Elect r oplat ing (v) Copper

6. Copper and aluminium (vi) Elect r odes

7. A t est er (vii) Good conduct or

8. Car bon r od (viii) Det ect t he cur r ent

9. Lemon j uice (ix) Good conduct or s

1. (iv) 2. (v) 3. (i) 4. (ii) 5. (iii) 6. (i) 7. (viii) 8. (vi) 9. (vii)

I . True or False

1. Plast ics ar e t he good conduct or s of elect r icit y.

2. Flow of elect r ons is called elect r ic cur r ent .

3. Mat er ials t hat do not allow elect r ic cur r ent t o pass t hr ough t hem easily ar e good conduct or s

of elect r icit y.

4. Only solids can conduct elect r icit y.

5. Dist illed wat er is poor conduct or of elect r icit y.

6. Test er is used t o t est t he conduct ivit y of liquid.

7. Elect r ic bulb glows due t o chemical ef f ect of elect r icit y.

8. The bulb get s heat ed t o a high t emper at ur e and it st ar t s glowing when elect r ic cur r ent

passes t hr ough it .

9. Poor conduct or s also allow elect r icit y t o pass under cer t ain condit ions.

10. Lemon j uice shows def lect ion means t hat it is a good conduct or .

1. False 2. Tr ue 3. False 4. False 5. Tr ue 6. Tr ue 7. False 8. Tr ue 9. Tr ue 10. Tr ue

8 Created by Pinkz
 I I . True or False

1. Plast ics ar e t he good conduct or of elect r icit y.

2. Flow of elect r ons is called elect r ic cur r ent .

3. Dist illed wat er also conduct s t he elect r ic cur r ent .

4. Cir cuit is t he closed pat h t hr ough which cur r ent f lows.

5. Elect r ic bulb glows due t o chemical ef f ect of elect r icit y.

6. Copper wir e is poor conduct or of elect r icit y.

7. LED is an elect r ic bulb which is used in a t est er .

8. Elect r icit y shows magnet ic ef f ect .

9. When salt is dissolved in dist illed wat er , it does not conduct elect r icit y.

10. Elect r oplat ing is based on t he hear ing ef f ect of elect r icit y.

1. False 2. Tr ue 3. False 4. Tr ue 5. False

6. False 7. Tr ue 8. Tr ue 9. False 10. False

Q uiz Time

1. W hat are t he benef it s of elect roplat ing?

2. W hat are t he uses of t est er?

3. How will you make dist illed wat er as super conduct or?

4. W hat is elect ric current ?

5. W hat happens t o a compass needle kept nearby when current f lows in a wire? W hat

does it prove?

6. Do liquids conduct elect ricit y?

7. W hat are elect rodes and elect rolyt e?

8. Expand t he t erm LED.

9. W hile connect ing LED t o a circuit which wire should be connect ed t o posit ive t erminal of

t he bat t ery and which wire t o negat ive t erminal?

10. I s our body a conduct or or insulat or of elect ricit y?

9 Created by Pinkz
Answers:

1. Elect r oplat ing pr event s cor r osion of met als, met als look shiny f or a long t ime and f oods do

not get spoilt .

2. I t t est s whet her a par t icular mat er ial allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass t hr ough it or not .

3. We will make it conduct or by adding a pinch of salt t o it .

4. The f lowing of char ge f r om posit ive t o negat ive t er minal.

5. The def lect ion of t he magnet ic needle can be seen. I t pr oves t hat elect r ic cur r ent pr oduces

a magnet ic ef f ect .

6. Yes, most ly liquids conduct elect r icit y.

7. A met al r od used in a bat t er y is called an elect r ode and liquids used ar e called elect r olyt es.

8. Light Emit t ing Diodes.

9. The longer lead should be connect ed t o t he posit ive t er minal of t he bat t er y and t he shor t er

lead t o t he negat ive t er minal of t he bat t er y.

10. Conduct or of elect r icit y.

N CERT CORN ER

I nt ext Q uest ions

1. Af t er doing t he elect roplat ing act ivit y Paheli int erchanged t he copper plat es and

repeat ed t he act ivit y. What do you t hink she will observe t his t ime ?

She will obser ve t he gas bubbles.

2. Booj ho wonders whet her we can do elect roplat ing t o build up t he t hickness of t iny part s

which are undersized ?

No, f or deposit ion of met al, we r equir e elect r odes of desir ed size, while under sized

par t icles cannot be used as elect r odes.

3. W hy is it dangerous t o t ouch an elect rical appliance wit h wet hands ?

Small amount s of miner al salt s pr esent nat ur ally in wat er ar e benef icial f or human

healt h. However , t hese salt make wat er a good conduct or . So, we should never handle elect r ical

appliances wit h wet hands or while st anding on a wet f loor .

10 Created by Pinkz
4. W hy does t he bulb glows when elect ric current passes t hrough it ?

Due t o t he heat ing ef f ect of cur r ent , t he f ilament of t he bulb get s heat ed t o a high

t emper at ur e and it st ar t s glowing. However , if t he cur r ent passing t hr ough a cir cuit is t oo weak,

t he f ilament does not get heat ed suf f icient ly and it does not glow.

5. Does dist illed wat er conduct elect ricit y?

When salt is dissolved in dist illed wat er , we obt ain salt solut ion. This solut ion conduct s

elect r icit y. The wat er t hat we get f r om sour ces such as t aps, hand pumps, wells and ponds is not

pur e. I t may cont ain sever al salt s which ar e nat ur ally pr esent in it . This wat er is t hus a good

conduct or of elect r icit y. On t he ot her hand, dist illed wat er is f r ee of salt s and is poor

conduct or of elect r icit y.

6. W hat ef f ect does t he current produce when it f lows t hrough a conduct ing solut ion ?

An elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough a conduct ing solut ion causes chemical r eact ions. e.g., bubbles

of a gas may be f or med on t he elect r odes. Change of colour of solut ions may occur . The

r eact ion would depend on which solut ion and elect r odes ar e used.

Text book Q uest ions

1. Fill in t he blanks :

(i) Most liquids t hat conduct elect r icit y ar e solut ions of ___________, ___________,

and ___________.

(ii) The passage of an elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough a solut ion causes ____________ef f ect s.

(iii) I f you pass cur r ent t hr ough copper sulphat e solut ion, copper get s deposit ed on t he

plat e connect ed t o t he ___________ t er minal of t he bat t er y.

(iv) The pr ocess of deposit ing a layer of any desir ed met al on an ot her mat er ial by means

of elect r icit y is called ___________,

(i) acids, bases and (ii) chemical (iii) negat ive (iv) elect r oplat ing

salt s

2. W hen t he f ree ends of t he t est er are dipped int o solut ion, t he magnet ic needle shows

def lect ion. Can you explain t he reason ?

As t he f r ee ends of t he t est er ar e dipped int o solut ion, t he liquid bet ween t he t wo ends

allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass and t he cir cuit of t he t est er becomes complet e. When t he

11 Created by Pinkz
cur r ent passes t hr ough t he t est er , it est ablishes a magnet ic ef f ect and hence magnet ic needle

shows def lect ion. I n ot her wor ds, we can say t hat t he solut ion is a good conduct or of

elect r icit y, so t he needle get s def lect ed.

3. Name t hree liquids which when t est ed in t he manner as shown in f igure, may cause t he

magnet ic needle t o def lect .

The t hr ee liquids ar e as f ollows :

(i) Tap wat er

(ii) HCL or Hydr ochlor ic acid

(iii) Sodium hydr oxide

4. The bulb does not glow in t he set up shown in f igure. List t he possible reason. Explain

your answer.

We sur ely conclude t hat t he liquid does not conduct t he elect r icit y because when t he

liquid bet ween t he t wo ends of t he t est er allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass, t he cir cuit of t he

t est er becomes complet e. The cur r ent f lows in t he cir cuit and t he bulb glows. When t he liquid

does not allow t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass, t he cir cuit of t he t est er is not complet e and t he

bulb does not glow. However , somet imes even t hough t he liquid allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o

pass and t he cir cuit is complet e bulb does not glow. Due t o t he heat ing ef f ect of cur r ent , t he

f ilament of t he bulb get s heat ed t o such a high t emper at ur e t hat it st ar t s glowing. However , if

12 Created by Pinkz
t he cur r ent t hr ough a cir cuit is t oo small, t he f ilament of t he bulb does not get heat ed t o a

high t emper at ur e and it does not glow.

5. A t est er is used t o check t he , conduct ion of elect ricit y t hrough t wo liquids, labelled A

and B. The bulb of t est er glows very bright ly f or liquid A. I t is f ound t hat t he bulb of

t he t est er glows very dimly f or liquid B. W hich liquid is bet t er conduct or of

elect ricit y?

Liquid A is bet t er conduct or of elect r icit y because it can pass t he elect r icit y ver y easily

due t o which bulb glows ver y br ight ly.

6. Does pure wat er conduct elect ricit y ? I f not , what can we do t o make it conduct ing ?

To make t he pur e wat er conduct ing we have t o dissolve some acid, base or salt in it due

t o which solut ion of acid, base or salt is obt ained r espect ively, which ar e good conduct or s of

elect r icit y.

7. I n case of any f ire, bef ore t he f iremen use t he wat er hoses, t hey shut of f t he

elect rical supply f or t he area. Explain t he reason why t hey do t his.

Wat er used by f ir eman is collect ed f r om t he sour ces like wells, ponds, which is not pur e

but it is solut ion having f ew amount s of miner al salt s and is conduct or of elect r icit y. So t o

pr event t he elect r ocut ion, t he f ir emen shut of f t he main elect r icit y supply.

8. A child st aying in t he coast al region t est s t he drinking wat er and also t he seawat er

wit h his t est er. He f inds t hat t he compass needle def lect s more in case of seawat er.

Can you explain t he reason ?

I n seawat er , amount of miner al salt s is mor e t han t he dr inking wat er . So t he seawat er

can conduct t he elect r icit y mor e easily t han dr inking wat er , t hat is why t he compass needle

def lect s mor e in case of seawat er .

9. I s it saf e f or t he f ireman t o carry out elect rical repairs during heavy downpour ?

Explain.

As wat er is not pur e but a solut ion of salt s t hus a good conduct or of elect r icit y, so,

handling of elect r ical cir cuit s dur ing heavy downpour may incr ease t he r isk of elect r ocut ion. So,

never handle t he elect r ical appliance wit h wet hands or sur r oundings.

13 Created by Pinkz
10. Paheli knew t he rainwat er is as pure as dist illed wat er. So she collect ed some

rainwat er in a clean glass t umbler and t est ed it using a t est er. To her surprise she

f ound t hat t he compass needle showed def lect ion. What could be t he reasons ?

Nat ur al wat er may cont ain t he small amount of miner al salt s and compass needle can

show t he def lect ion even when t he f lowing cur r ent is t oo small. So, due t o pr esence of small

amount of miner al salt s, t he r ainwat er conduct s t he elect r icit y, as a r esult of which t he needle

compass shows def lect ion.

11. Prepare t he list of obj ect s around you t hat are elect roplat ed.

Bat h t aps, kit chen gas bur ner s, bicycle handle bar s and wheel r ims have elect r oplat ing of

chr omium. Ar t if icial j eweller y has elect r oplat ing of silver or gold on less expensive met al. Tin

cans ar e made by elect r oplat ing a layer of t in on ir on. I r on is elect r oplat ed by zinc t o pr ot ect

ir on f r om t he cor r osion and t he f or mat ion of r ust .

12. The process t hat you saw in act ivit y is used f or purif icat ion of copper. A t hin plat e of

pure copper and a t hick rod of impure copper are used as elect rodes. Copper f rom

impure rod is sought t o be t ransf erred t o t he t hin copper plat e. Which elect rode

should be at t ached t o t he posit ive t erminal of t he bat t ery and why ?

The impur e r od of copper should be at t ached t o t he posit ive t er minal of t he bat t er y and

pur e copper plat e should be at t ached t o t he negat ive t er minal of t he bat t er y. When t he

elect r ic cur r ent is passed t hr ough t he copper sulphat e solut ion, copper sulphat e dissociat es int o

copper and sulphat e ions. The f r ee copper get s dr awn t o t he elect r ode connect ed wit h negat ive

t er minal of Y, t he bat t er y and st ar t s deposit ing on it .

Fr om t he ot her elect r ode, a t hick r od of impur e copper , an equal amount of copper get s

dissolved int o t he solut ion. Hence, t he loss of copper f r om t he solut ion is r est or ed and t he

pr ocess cont inues. Thus, copper get s t r ansf er r ed f r om one elect r ode t o t he ot her .

I . Very Short Answer Type Q uest ions.

1. W hat are good conduct ors?

The mat er ials which allow elect r ic cur r ent t o pass t hr ough t hem ar e called good

conduct or s of t he elect r icit y.

2. Give t wo examples of good conduct ors of elect ricit y.

Copper , I r on

14 Created by Pinkz
3. W hy is it dangerous t o t ouch an elect rical appliance wit h wet hands?

Wet hands act as good conduct or s. So we f eel elect r ic shocks when we t ouch elect r ic

appliance wit h we hands.

4. W hat are insulat ors (poor conduct ors) of elect ricit y?

The mat er ials which do not allow elect r ic cur r ent t o pass t hr ough t hem ar e called poor

conduct or s.

5. Give t wo examples of poor conduct ors of elect ricit y.

Dr y wood , Rubber

6. W hat is elect ric current ?

The f low of char ges (elect r icit y) is called elect r ic cur r ent .

7. Do liquids conduct elect ricit y?

Yes, liquids also conduct elect r icit y.

8. How can you check current ?

We check cur r ent by using t est er .

9. Give any liquid conduct or.

Tap wat er

10. Can dist illed wat er conduct elect ricit y?

No, dist illed wat er cannot conduct elect r icit y.

11. How can we t est t hat liquids conduct elect ricit y?

We use t est er t o check t hat t he liquids conduct elect r icit y.

12. Name some subst ances which make t he liquids good conduct or of elect ricit y.

Acids, Bases and Salt s.

13. Name t wo liquid subst ances ot her t han wat er which conduct elect ricit y.

(i) Lemon J uiced (ii) Vinegar

14. Somet imes even t hough t he liquid is conduct ing, t he bulb may not glow. Give reason.

Somet imes t he bulb does not glow because t he cur r ent t hr ough it is t oo weak t o make

t he bulb glow.

15. W hich ef f ect of current causes t he bulb t o glow?

Heat ing ef f ect .

16. Name t he part of bulb which glows?

Filament .

15 Created by Pinkz
17. W hat is LED?

LED is a device or bulb which glows even at low or small cur r ent .

18. W rit e f ull f orm of LED.

Light Emit t ing diode

19. W hat are t he t hree ef f ect s of elect ric current ?

Ther e ar e t hr ee ef f ect s of elect r ic cur r ent -heat ing, magnet ic and t he chemical ef f ect .

20. W hat is magnet ic ef f ect of elect ric current ?

The elect r ic cur r ent also pr oduces t he magnet ic ef f ect by which a cur r ent car r ying wir e

behaves like a magnet .

21. W hat happens when a compass needle is brought near a wire in which current is

f lowing?

The needle def lect s.

22. How can we check magnet ic ef f ect s of current ?

By using magnet ic compass.

23. Does dist illed wat er conduct elect ricit y?

No, dist illed wat er does not conduct elect r icit y.

24. How can we make dist illed wat er a good conduct or of elect ricit y?

By adding some salt in dist illed wat er .

25. W hat is dist illed wat er?

The wat er which is f r ee of slat s is called dist illed wat er .

26. Name a salt which makes dist illed wat er a good conduct or of elect ricit y.

Common salt .

27. W hat are elect rodes?

The met al r ods dipped in liquids t o which cells ar e at t ached ar e called elect r odes.

28. Name t he gases which release when current is passed t hrough wat er.

Hydr ogen and oxygen.

29. Name t he gas deposit ed on negat ive elect rode.

Hydr ogen.

30. Name t he gas deposit ed on a posit ively charged elect rode.

Oxygen.

31. Name t he process t hat shows t he chemical ef f ect of elect ricit y.

Elect r oplat ing.

16 Created by Pinkz
32. Def ine elect roplat ing.

The coat ing of a layer of desir ed met al on ot her met allic sur f ace by passing elect r ic

cur r ent is called elect r oplat ing.

33. I s air a conduct or or an insulat or?

I nsulat or .

34. W hat is t est er?

The device which is used t o check cur r ent is called t est er .

35. Does lemon j uice conduct t he elect ricit y?

Yes lemon j uice is a good conduct or of elect r icit y.

36. W hat is t he ill ef f ect of elect roplat ing?

The used conduct ing solut ion is a pollut ing wast e.

I I . Very Short Answer Type Q uest ions.

1. Explain, why a layer of zinc is coat ed over iron. (NCERT Exemplar)

Layer of zinc is coat ed over ir on because zinc pr event s it f r om r ust and cor r osion.

2. W ill t he solut ion of sugar in dist illed wat er conduct elect ricit y? (NCERT Exemplar)

The sugar solut ion in dist illed wat er will make it a good conduct or of elect r icit y and

cur r ent can easily pass t hr ough it .

3. Name t he ef f ect of current responsible f or t he glow of t he bulb in an elect ric circuit

(NCERT Exemplar)

Heat ing ef f ect of elect r ic cur r ent is r esponsible f or t he bulb t o glow in an elect r ic

cir cuit .

4. W hy is t in elect roplat ed on iron t o make cans used f or st oring f ood? (NCERT Exemplar)

Elect r oplat ing is done on t he ir on t o pr event it f r om r ust and cor r osion and it is cheap.

5. W hat are good conduct ors of elect ricit y?

The mat er ials t hat allow elect r ic cur r ent t o pass t hr ough t hem ar e called good

conduct or s of elect r icit y.

6. Give t wo examples of good conduct ors.

Silver , copper .

17 Created by Pinkz
7. W hy is it dangerous t o t ouch elect rical appliances wit h wet hand?

Our body is a good conduct or of elect r icit y and wet hands ar e also good conduct or s.

Hence, by t ouching elect r ical appliances wit h wet hands elect r icit y passes t hr ough our body and

we f eel a shock.

8. W hat is elect ric current ?

The f low of elect r ic char ge is called elect r ic cur r ent .

9. W hich ef f ect of current causes t he bulbs t o glow?

Heat ing ef f ect .

10. W hat is t he magnet ic ef f ect of elect ric current ?

The elect r ic cur r ent f lowing in a wir e pr oduces t he magnet ic f ield ar ound it . A cur r ent

car r ying conduct or behaves like a magnet .

11. W hat is dist illed wat er?

The wat er t hat does not cont ain salt s is called dist illed wat er .

12. W hat are elect rodes?

The met al r ods dipped in liquid t o which a cell is at t ached ar e called elect r odes.

13. How can we check magnet ic ef f ect s of current ?

By using magnet ic compass.

14. Does dist illed wat er conduct elect ricit y?

No, dist illed wat er does not conduct elect r icit y.

15. W hat is t he ill ef f ect of elect roplat ing?

The used conduct ing solut ion causes pollut ion.

16. W hat is a t est er?

The device which is used t o check cur r ent is called t est er .

I I I . Very short Answer Q uest ions

1. Booj ho made t he circuit given in f igure and observed t hat t he bulb did not glow. On

Paheli’s suggest ion he added one more cell in t he circuit . The bulb now glows. Explain.

Addit ion of anot her cell incr eased t he cur r ent t hr ough t he bulb suf f icient ly t o make it glow.
18 Created by Pinkz
5. Observe t he f igure given below.

W hich of t hese t wo circuit s A or B shows t he correct observat ion?

Cir cuit A shows t he cor r ect obser vat ion.

6. During elect rolysis of wat er is f ormed at anode?

Hydr ogen

I . Short Answer Type Q uest ions.

1. Paheli set up an experiment using liquid a in t he beaker

as shown in f igure alongside. She observed t hat t he

bulb glow. Then she replaced t he liquid A by anot her

liquid B, t his t ime t he bulb did not glow, Booj ho

suggest ed replacing t he bulb by an LED. They observed

t hat t he LED glows, Explain.

The cur r ent t hr ough liquid B could be weak and t her ef or e unable t o make t he bulb glow.

However , it was st r ong enough f or t he LED t o glow.

2. Paheli want s t o deposit silver on an iron spoon. She t ook silver nit rat e (AgNo3 ) solut ion

in a beaker and set up a simple circuit f or elect roplat ing. Which t erminal of t he

bat t ery should t he spoon be connect ed t o? W hat mat erial should t he ot her elect rode

be made of ?

The spoon should be connect ed t o t he negat ive t er minal of t he bat t er y. The ot her

elect r ode should be make of silver .

3. W hy is t in elect roplat ed on iron t o make cans used f or st oring f ood?

Tin is less r eact ive t han ir on. Tin coat ing pr event f ood f r om coming in cont act wit h ir on

and t hus pr event s it f r om get t ing spoiled.

19 Created by Pinkz
4. Observe t he f ollowing circuit s caref ully. I n which circuit will t he bulb glow?

I n cir cuit (b) and (d)

5. I n t he circuit given, Booj a observed t hat copper is deposit ed on t he elect rode connect ed

t o t he negat ive t erminal of t he bat t ery. Paheli t ried t o repeat t he same experiment .

But she could f ind only one copper plat e. Theref ore she t ook a carbon rod as negat ive

elect rode. Will copper be st ill deposit ed on t he carbon rod? Explain.

Yes, copper f r om t he copper sulphat e solut ion will be deposit ed on t he car bon r od.

Copper f r om t he copper plat e will be dissolved int o t he copper sulphat e solut ion f or

elect r oplat ing.

6. Observe t he f ollowing circuit given below.

20 Created by Pinkz
 Current does not f low in t he circuit if t here is a gap bet ween t he t wo wires. Does

it indicat e t hat air is a poor conduct or of elect ricit y? Does air never conduct elect ricit y?

Explain.

Yes, air is a poor conduct or of elect r icit y. No, under cer t ain condit ions, such as dur ing

light ning, air may conduct elect r icit y.

I I . Short Answer Type Q uest ions.

1. W hat do you mean by elect ric current ?

The cont inuous and dir ect ional f low of char ges (elect r ons) is called elect r ic cur r ent . I t is

denot ed by I and it s unit is amper e.

2. W hat is a t est er?

The inst r ument which is used t o check t he f low of elect r ic cur r ent is called t est er . I t is

at t ached t o t he t er minals of t he elect r ic cir cuit . I f t he bulb of t est er glows, it conf ir ms t hat

cur r ent is f lowing t hr ough t he cir cuit .

3. How can you t est whet her t he liquids conduct or do not conduct t he elect ricit y?

Some liquids ar e t he good conduct or s of elect r icit y while some ar e poor conduct or s. The

liquids can be t est ed f or conduct or of elect r icit y. The f r ee ends of a t est er ar e dipped in liquid

t o be t est ed and t hen obser ve t he bulb, if it glows, it conf ir ms t hat t he liquid is good conduct or

ot her wise liquid is a poor conduct or .

4. Show t hat lemon j uice and vinegar are good conduct ors of elect ricit y.

Collect a f ew plast ic or r ubber caps of bot t les. Pour one t easpoon of lemon j uice or

vinegar in one cap. Br ing t he t est er over t he cap and let t he ends of t he t est er dip int o lemon

j uice or vinegar . We see t hat bulb st ar t s t o glow. I t indicat es t hat lemon j uice and vinegar ar e

good conduct or s of elect r icit y.

Test ing conduct ion of elect r icit y in lemon j uice or vinegar

21 Created by Pinkz
5. Explain t he mechanism of glowing of bulb in liquid.

When t he liquid bet ween t he t wo ends of a t est er allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass,

t he cir cuit of t he t est er becomes complet e. The cur r ent f lows in t he liquid cir cuit and t he bulb

glows. When t he liquid does not allow t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass, t he cir cuit of t he t est er is

not complet e and t he bulb does not glow.

6. There are some sit uat ions in which even t hough liquid is conduct ing, bulb may not glow.

Give reasons.

The possible r easons may be;

(i) The cur r ent may be weak

(ii) Bulb may be f used

(iii) I ncomplet e cir cuit

7. Explain why a bulb glows on passing cur rent .

When t he cur r ent passes t hr ough bulb, t he f ilament of t he bulb get s heat ed t o a high

t emper at ur e due t o t he heat ing ef f ect of cur r ent . The bulb st ar t s t o glow. Somet imes t he

cur r ent is t oo weak and f ilament does not get heat ed suf f icient ly and bulb does not glow.

8. W hat is LED? W hy is it most import ant source of light ?

The device which is sued in t he t est er in place of bulb is called LED. I t glows even at

ver y small cur r ent . Ther e ar e t wo wir es called leads at t ached t o t he LED. One lead is longer

t han t he ot her . A long wir e is connect ed wit h t he posit ive t er minal and shor t er lead is

connect ed t o t he negat ive t er minal of bat t er y.

LEDs

22 Created by Pinkz
9. W hat do you mean by magnet ic ef f ect of elect ricit y?

When elect r ic cur r ent is passed t hr ough a coil or wir e, t hen is behaves like a magnet .

This is called magnet ic ef f ect of cur r ent . The st r engt h of magnet ic f ield depends on t he

amount of cur r ent passing t hr ough a coil or wir e. The coil or wir e shows magnet ism t ill cur r ent

is passed.

10. The ordinary wat er can conduct elect ricit y while dist illed wat er does not . Explain why.

The wat er t hat we get f r om var ious sour ces like t aps, hand pumps, wells and ponds is not

pur e. I t may cont ain sever al salt s dissolved in it . This wat er is t hus good conduct or of

elect r icit y. Dist illed wat er is f r ee of salt s due t o which it is a poor conduct or .

11. W hy do we need magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion of elect ric current ?

Somet imes t he bulb does not glow on passing elect r ic cur r ent . This is because t he

elect r ic cur r ent f lowing t hr ough a conduct or is so small, t hat t he f ilament of t he bulb does not

get heat ed up t o t he t emper at ur e wher e it st ar t s glowing. So, in case of small cur r ent we need

magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion.

12. W hat is chemical ef f ect of elect ricit y? Give some examples of chemical ef f ect s of

elect ricit y.

The pr ocess in which a chemical r eact ion or changes t akes place in a solut ion on passing

elect r icit y is called chemical ef f ect of elect r icit y. The passage of an elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough a

conduct ing solut ion causes chemical r eact ions. For example, change in colour of solut ions and

elect r oplat ing.

13. W hy we should not experiment s wit h elect ric supply f orm mains?

We should not exper iment wit h elect r ic supply f r om mains. The elect r ic supply f r om

mains is ver y st r ong and of a high volt age. I t is because t hat not t o do exper iment wit h such

cur r ent . I t may be ver y danger ous. We should exper iment wit h elect r ic cells only.

14. W hat happens when elect ricit y is passed t hrough ordinary wat er?

When t he t wo t er minals of bat t er y ar e combined wit h negat ive and posit ive elect r odes

which ar e immer sed in wat er .The wat er is dissociat ed int o it s component s oxygen and

hydr ogen. Oxygen is collect ed on posit ive elect r ode and hydr ogen is collect ed on negat ive

elect r ode.

23 Created by Pinkz
 I I I . Short Answer Type Q uest ions- I

1. Booj ho made t he ent ire circuit and observed t hat t he bulb did not glow. On Paheli' s

suggest ion, he added one more cell in t he circuit . The bulb now glows. Explain.

(NCERT Exemplar)

I nit ially, t he bulb was not glowing because t he volt age r equir ed t o make t he bulb glow

was not suf f icient . When t he volt age incr eases mor e t han a par t icular value, t he bulb st ar t s

glowing because it get s suf f icient ener gy t o heat it s f ilament .

2. Paheli want s t o deposit silver on an iron spoon. She t akes silver nit rat e (AgNO3)

solut ion in a beaker and set s up a simple circuit f or elect roplat ing. Which t erminal of

t he bat t ery should t he spoon be connect ed t o? What mat erial should t he ot her

elect rode be made of ? (NCERT Exemplar)

Spoon should be connect ed t o t he negat ive t er minal of t he bat t er y. The ot her elect r ode

should be of silver so t hat silver ions get deposit ed on t he ir on spoon.

3. Observe f igure :

W hich of t hese t wo circuit s A or B shows t he correct observat ion?

(NCERT Exemplar)

I t is not clear f r om t he diagr am which is A and B. So, we cannot pr edict t he act ual

solut ion. But if we compar e wit h NCERT act ivit y , t his seems t o be a pot at o and cor r ect diagr am

is A because posit ive t er minal makes t he gr een spot on t he pot at o.

24 Created by Pinkz
4. Observe t he f ollowing circuit s caref ully. I n which circuit will t he bulb glow. W rit e ' Yes'

or ' No' in t he blank space provided along each of t he circuit s given in f ig.

(NCERT Exemplar)

5. The ordinary wat er can conduct elect ricit y while dist illed wat er cannot . Explain why?

The or dinar y wat er we get f r om t he t ap, r iver , lakes and ponds is not as pur e as dist illed

wat er . I t cont ains so many impur it ies in t he f or m of t he salt s. These impur it ies make it good

conduct or of elect r icit y. As dist illed wat er is f r ee f r om salt , it is unable t o conduct elect r icit y.

6. W rit e a short not e on LED.

LEDs ar e light Emit t ing Diodes. They ar e used t o check elect r ic cur r ent . Even when a

weak elect r ic cur r ent f lows t hr ough it , it glows. These ar e available in many colour s such as r ed,

gr een, yellow, blue and whit e. LED has t wo wir es, one is longer and t he ot her is shor t er . Lar ger

wir e is connect ed wit h +ve t er minal and -ve t o t he shor t er t er minal. Q

7. W hen do you need magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion of elect ricit y?

I f cur r ent is small, t he bulb does not glow on passing elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough t he

t est er . Hence t o check t he small cur r ent we need magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion.

8. Can some f ruit s and veget ables conduct elect ricit y? Explain wit h an example.

Some f r uit s and veget ables also conduct elect r icit y. I t is explained wit h t he f ollowing

example.

25 Created by Pinkz
 (i) Cut a pot at o int o t wo halves.

(ii) I nser t t he copper wir es of a t est er int o it .

(iii) Keep it f or an hour .

(iv) Ther e appear s a gr eenish blue spot on t he pot at o ar ound t he wir e.

(v) I t is because t he cur r ent pr oduces a chemical ef f ect on pot at o.

(vi) Hence, it is clear t hat veget ables conduct elect r icit y.

I I I . Short Answer Type Q uest ions- I I

1. An elect ric current is passed t hrough a conduct ing solut ion. List any t hree possible

observat ions. (NCERT Exemplar)

Thr ee possible obser vat ions ar e :

(i) The colour of t he solut ion may change depending upon t he elect r odes.

(ii) The t emper at ur e of t he solut ion may incr ease.

(iii) Bubbles near t he elect r odes can be seen.

2. Paheli set up an experiment using liquid A in t he beaker. She observed t hat t he bulb

glows Then, she replaced t he liquid A by anot her liquid B. This t ime t he bulb did not

glow. Booj ho suggest ed replacing t he bulb by an LED. They observed t hat t he LED

glows. Explain. (NCERT Exemplar)

Liquid A is a good conduct or of elect r icit y and it allows t he maximum cur r ent t o pass

t hr ough it which is suf f icient t o glow t he bulb. But when it is r eplaced by anot her liquid B, bulb

does not glow because liquid B is not a good conduct or of elect r icit y. But t he small cur r ent

which is passing t hr ough B is suf f icient t o glow a low volt age LED, so it glows.

3. Booj ho made t he circuit as shown in f ig. He want ed t o observe what happens when an

elect ric current is passed t hrough wat er. But he f orgot t o add a f ew drops of lemon

j uice t o wat er. W ill it make any dif f erence t o his observat ion? Explain.

26 Created by Pinkz
 Adding f ew dr ops of lemon j uice in wat er will incr ease t he conduct ivit y of t he solut ion.

The cur r ent will f low in bot h t he cases but adding of lemon j uice makes t he f low of cur r ent

easy.

4. Observe t he f ollowing circuit given in Fig. (NCERT Exemplar)

Current does not f low in t he circuit if t here is a gap bet ween t he t wo wires. Does

it indicat e t hat air is a poor conduct or of elect ricit y? Does air never conduct elect ricit y?

Explain.

Yes, if cur r ent is not f lowing t hr ough t he air gap bet ween t he wir es, it means t hat air is

a poor conduct or of elect r icit y. Air conduct s elect r icit y only when t her e is gr eat volt age or

t her e is some moist ur e in air .

5. Experiment ally prove t hat t he solut ions of acids, bases and salt s conduct elect ricit y.

The solut ions of adds, bases and salt s conduct elect r icit y. This can be exper iment ally

pr oved by f ollowing met hods :

(i) Take t hr ee clean plast ic or r ubber caps of bot t les.

(ii) Pour about t wo t easpoonf ulls of dist illed wat er in each of t hem.

(iii) Add f ew dr ops of lemon j uice in one cap.

(iv) Add f ew dr ops of base as caust ic soda in second cap.

(v) Add lit t le salt t o t hir d cap t o f or m salt solut ion.

(vi) Now conduct elect r icit y t hr ough each. An elect r ic cur r ent f lows t hr ough all t he

conduct ing solut ions t hus indicat ing t hat acids, bases and salt s conduct elect r icit y.

6. W hat are t he chemical ef f ect s of elect ric current ? Explain wit h an example.

Chemical ef f ect s of elect r ic cur r ent can be explained by f ollowing exper iment :

(i) Take t wo car bon r ods wit h met al caps. Clean t heir met al caps.

27 Created by Pinkz
 (ii) Wr ap copper wir es ar ound t he met al caps of t he car bon r ods and j oin t hem t o a

bat t er y.

(iii) Pour a f ull cup of wat er in a glass bowl and add a t easpoon of salt .

(iv) I mmer se t he elect r odes in solut ion but met al caps should be out of t he wat er .

(v) Wait f or 5 min.

(vi) Obser ve t he elect r odes.

(vii) The passage of elect r ic cur r ent t hr ough a conduct ing solut ion causes chemical

r eact ion. As a r esult , bubbles of gas ar e f or med near t he elect r odes. Deposit s of met al may be

seen on elect r odes. Change of colour of solut ion may occur . These ar e some of t he chemical

ef f ect s of t he elect r ic cur r ent .

7. Discuss t wo met hods of t est ing a conduct or or an insulat or.

The f ollowing met hods are used t o t est t he conduct ion :

(i) The conduct ivit y of subst ance can be checked by using elect r ic bulb. When t he liquid

bet ween t he t wo ends of t he t est er allows t he elect r ic cur r ent t o pass, t he cir cuit of t he

t est er becomes complet e. The cur r ent f lows in t he cir cuit and t he bulb glows. I f t he cir cuit of

t est er is not complet e t he bulb does not glow. This met hod does not wor k when cur r ent is ver y

small.

28 Created by Pinkz
 (ii) We can use anot her ef f ect of elect r ic cur r ent t o t est t he conduct ion. A magnet ic

t est er is also used t o t est conduct ivit y. When cur r ent is allowed t o pass t hr ough it , it cr eat es a

magnet ic f ield and t he compass shows t hat t he cur r ent is passing t hr ough cir cuit .

8. W hy should we not experiment wit h t he elect ric supply f rom mains?

We should not exper iment wit h elect r ic supply f r om mains as supply is ver y st r ong and of

a high volt age. I t may be ver y danger ous. We should exper iment wit h elect r ic cells only.

9. W hat happens when elect ricit y is passed t hrough ordinary wat er?

When t he t wo t er minals of bat t er y ar e combined wit h negat ive and posit ive elect r odes

which ar e immer sed in wat er , t he wat er is dissociat ed int o it s component s oxygen and hydr ogen.

Oxygen is collect ed on posit ive elect r ode and hydr ogen is collect ed on negat ive elect r ode.

I . Long Answer Type Q uest ions

1. Observing t hat t he bulb does not glow in t he circuit shown in Fig. A, Booj ho changed

t he circuit as shown in Fig. B. He observed def lect ion in t he magnet ic compass.

(NCERT Exemplar)

(i) What does t he def lect ion in magnet ic compass indicat e?

(ii) Why did t he bulb not glow in Fig. A?

(iii) W hat would be t he ef f ect of increase in t he number or t urns in t he coil around

t he magnet ic compass in Fig. B?

29 Created by Pinkz
 (iv) W hat will be observed if t he number of cells are increased in t he circuit shown

in Fig. B?

(i) The def lect ion in t he magnet compass shows t hat t he cur r ent is f lowing in t he cir cuit .

(ii) The bulb did not glow in Fig A; it may be because of t he cur r ent passing t hr ough t he

cir cuit being weak. Also, it may happen because of ot her r easons like due t o bulb being f used or

t he connect ions may be loose.

(iii) I ncr ease in t he number of t ur ns in t he coil wound ar ound t he magnet ic compass

would incr ease t he magnet ic f ield ar ound t he magnet ic compass which will r esult in t he f lowing

of lar ge amount of cur r ent t hr ough t he cir cuit .

2. I n t he circuit as given in Fig. Booj ho observed t hat copper is deposit ed on t he

elect rode connect ed t o t he negat ive t erminal of t he bat t ery. Paheli t ried t o repeat t he

same experiment but she could f ind only one copper plat e. Theref ore, she t ook a carbon

rod as negat ive elect rode. W ill copper be st ill deposit ed on t he carbon rod? Explain your

answer. (NCERT Exemplar)

Copper will not be deposit ed on t he car bon r od because car bon r od is a poor conduct or of

elect r icit y. For elect r oplat ing, t he cir cuit must be complet ed and t hat can be complet ed only by

using t he conduct ing mat er ial. I nst ead of car bon r od, it should be any met al, t hen only it can be

elect r oplat ed.

3. Observe t he circuit given in Fig.

Booj ho set up t his cir cuit f or pur if icat ion of copper . What will be t he nat ur e of :

30 Created by Pinkz
 (i) plat e A = Cat hode

(ii) plat e B = Anode

(iii) solut ion = Copper sulphat e Explain t he pr ocess of pur if icat ion. (NCERT Exemplar )

We t ake CuSO4 solut ion and dip a pur e copper plat e as cat hode (-ve) and impur e copper

plat e as anode (+ve). Due t o volt age of bat t er y, t he impur it ies f r om t he impur e sample slowly

deposit at t he bot t om and t he copper plat e becomes pur if ied.

4. W hat is elect roplat ing? What are it s advant ages?

Elect r oplat ing is t he pr ocess of deposit ing a layer of any desir ed met al on anot her met al

by means of elect r icit y. Advant ages of elect r oplat ing :

(i) I t is used t o coat a desir ed met al on anot her met al.

(ii) I t pr ot ect s t he met als f r om cor r osion.

(iii) I t also pr event s t he met allic sur f ace f r om r ust ing.

(iv) Some cheap and dull met als ar e coat ed wit h cost ly and shinning met als f or

or nament al use.

(v) I t can make mor e r eact ive met als like ir on less r eact ive.

(vi) Coat ing of chr omium on met als gives lust er t o obj ect s.

I I . Long Answer Type Q uest ions

1. Prepare a t est er t o t est conduct ion based on magnet ic ef f ect of t he elect ricit y.

Take t he t r ay of a discar ded mat chbox. Wr ap an elect r ic wir e a f ew t imes ar ound t he

t r ay. Place a small compass needle inside it . Now connect one f r ee end of t he wir e t o t he

t er minal of a bat t er y. Leave t he ot her end f r ee. Take anot her piece of wir e and connect it t o

t he t er minal of bat t er y. J oin t he f r ee ends of t wo wir es moment ar ily. The compass needle

should show def lect ion. The t est er wit h t wo f r ee ends of wir e is r eady.

31 Created by Pinkz
 A t est er

2. Complet e t he f ollowing t able and classif y t he liquids by using t est er.

Compass needle shows Conduct or /

S. No Mat erial
def lect ion (Yes/ No) I nsulat or
1 Lemon J uice Yes Conduct or

2 Vinegar

3 Tap wat er

4 Veget able oil

5 Milk

6 Honey

Compass needle shows Conduct or /

S. No Mat erial
def lect ion (Yes/ No) I nsulat or
1 Lemon J uice Yes Conduct or

2 Vinegar Yes Conduct or

3 Tap wat er Yes Conduct or

4 Veget able oil No I nsulat or

5 Milk No I nsulat or

6 Honey No I nsulat or

3. W hat are t he t wo met hods of t est ing an insulat or or a conduct or?

The f ollowing t wo met hods ar e used t o t est t he conduct ion/

(i) We use an elect r ic lamp t o t est conduct ivit y. An elect r ic lamp is at t ached t o t he

elect r ic cir cuit . I f t he subst ance allows t he cur r ent t o pass t hr ough it , t he bulb will st ar t

32 Created by Pinkz
glowing. Ot her wise t he bulb will not glow. This met hod does not wor k when cur r ent is ver y small.

I n such cases magnet ic compass is used.

(ii) A magnet ic t est er is used t o t est conduct ivit y when cur r ent is allowed t o pass

t hr ough it , it cr eat es a magnet ic f ield and t he compass shows def lect ion. The def lect ion of

compass shows t hat t he cur r ent is passing t hr ough cir cuit (See Fig 14.6)

Met hods t o show t he t est ing of conduct ing of lemon j uice

4. W hat do you mean by elect roplat ing? How does it t ake place?

The pr ocess of coat ing a desir ed met al on ot her met al sur f ace by using elect r ic cur r ent

is called elect r oplat ing.

A met al plat e and t he subst ance t o be coat ed ar e dipped in a cur r ent conduct ing solut ion

wit h conduct ing wir es. The obj ect t o be coat ed is at t ached t o t he negat ive t er minal. When

elect r ic cur r ent is passed t hr ough t he solut ion, t he compounds of t he conduct ing solut ion st ar t

br eaking. The f r ee met allic par t icles get deposit ed on t he obj ect at negat ive t er minal of t he

bat t er y. I n t his way we can get a coat ing of desir ed met al on any obj ect by pr epar ing suit able

conduct ing solut ion and by using suit able elect r odes.

A simple cir cuit showing elect r oplat ing

33 Created by Pinkz
5. Explain t he advant ages of elect roplat ing.

The advant ages of elect r oplat ing.

(i) I t is used t o coat a desir ed met al on ot her obj ect s.

(ii) I t pr ot ect s t he met als f or m cor r osion.

(iii) I t also pr event s t he met allic sur f aces f r om r ust ing.

(iv) Some cheap and dull met als ar e coat ed wit h cost ly and shiny met als.

(v) I t can make mor e r eact ive met als like ion, less r eact ive.

(vi) Coat ing of chr omium on met als give lust r e t o obj ect s.

I I I . Long Answer Type Q uest ions

1. An elect ric current is passed t hrough a conduct ing solut ion. List f our possible

observat ions.

a. Bubbles of gas may be f or med on t he elect r odes.

b. Deposit s of met al may be seen on elect r odes.

c. Change in t he colour of t he solut ion may t ake place.

d. The solut ion may get heat ed.

2. Observe t he circuit given below;

Booj ho set up t his circuit f or purif icat ion of copper, what will be t he nat ure of

a. Plat e A, B. Plat eB, c. The solut ion?

a. Plat e A : Pur e copper

b. Plat e : I mpur e Copper

c. The solut ion : Copper sulphat e

Copper f r om impur e copper plat e is t r ansf er r ed t o t he pur e copper plat e by t he pr ocess of

elect r oplat ing.

34 Created by Pinkz
3. Booj ho made t he circuit shown alongside. He want ed t o observe what happens when an

elect ric current is passed t hrough wat er. But he f orgot t o add a

f ew drops of lemon j uice t o wat er. Will it make any dif f erence

t o his observat ions? Explain?

I f t he wat er is dist illed wat er and lemon j uice is not added. No

cur r ent will pass t hr ough t he cir cuit . t his is because dist illed wat er

t aken is salt y, t hen a f eeble cur r ent will pass t hr ough t he cir cuit and

bubbles will be seen on t he negat ive elect r ode.

4. Observing t hat t he bulb does not glow in t he circuit shown belowA, Booj ho changed t he

circuit shown below in A, Booj ho changed t he circuit as shown in B. He observed

def lect ion in t he magnet ic compass.

a. What does t he def lect ion in magnet ic compass indicat e?

b. W hy did t he bulb not glow in A?

c. What would be t he ef f ect of increase in t he number of t urns in t he coil wound around

t he magnet ic compass in B?

d. W hat will be observed if t he number of cells is increased in t he circuit shown in B?

a. I t indicat es t he pr esence of cur r ent in t he cir cuit .

b. The bulb did not glow because t he cur r ent was not suf f icient t o make it glow,

c. Def lect ion in t he magnet ic compass will incr ease.

d. Def lect ion in t he compass will incr ease f ur t her .

5. You are provided wit h a magnet ic compass, an empt y mat chbox, a bat t ery of t wo cells

and connect ing wires. Using t hese obj ect s how will you make a t est er f or t est ing an

elect ric circuit ? Draw t he necessary circuit diagram and explain.

35 Created by Pinkz
 Whenever cur r ent f lows t hr ough t he cir cuit t he magnet ic compass needle shows

def lect ion due t o magnet ic ef f ect of cur r ent .

6. List f our uses of elect roplat ing.

a. Chr omium plat ing is done on var ious obj ect s like car par t s, wheel r ims, bat h t aps, et c.

b. Plat ing of silver or gold is done on less expensive met als by j eweler s.

c. I r on par t s in br idges and aut omobiles ar e plat ed wit h zinc.

d. Tin cans f or st or ing f ood ar e made by elect r oplat ing t in ont o ir on.

I . High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Q uest ions.

1. W hen a compass needle is brought near a current carrying wire, t hen what happens?

When a compass needle is br ought near a cur r ent car r ying wir e, t hen needle def lect s.

2. I t is dangerous t o t ouch an elect rical appliance wit h wet hands. Explain why?

Since, wet hands act as good conduct or , so, we f eel elect r ic shock when we t ouch

elect r ical appliance wit h wet hands.

3. A chemical compound is produced by t he met hod of elect rolysis. Give an example.

Sodium hydr oxide or caust ic soda is pr oduced by t he elect r olysis of an aqueous solut ion

(wat er solut ion) of sodium chlor ide.

4. Ment ion one import ant dif f erence in t he conduct ion of elect ricit y by solids and liquids.

No chemical changes t ake place when elect r icit y is allowed t o pass t hr ough t he solid

while in liquids chemical changes t ake place when elect r icit y is passed t hr ough t hem.

36 Created by Pinkz
5. Explain, how we can purif y t he impure met als.

I n t he elect r olysis pr ocess, we use a t hick r od of impur e met al as anode and t hin st r ip of

pur e met al as cat hode. A wat er soluble salt of t he met al is t aken as elect r olyt e. On passing

elect r ic cur r ent , t he met al dissolves f r om t he impur e anode and goes int o elect r olyt e solut ion

which is t hen deposit ed on t he cat hode in pur e f or m.

6. The bulb glows when t he elect ric current passes t hrough it . Explain why?

Due t o t he heat ing ef f ect of cur r ent , t he f ilament of t he bulb get s heat ed t o high

t emper at ur e and it st ar t s glowing. However , if t he cur r ent t hr ough a cir cuit is weak, t he

f ilament does not get heat ed suf f icient ly and it does not glow.

7. St at e t he reason, why do we need magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion of elect ric

current .

Somet imes t he bulb does not glow on passing elect r ic cur r ent . This is because t he

elect r ic cur r ent f lowing t hr ough t he conduct or is so small. So, in case of small cur r ent we need

a magnet ic compass t o t est t he conduct ion.

8. W e should t hrow conduct ing mat erial used in elect roplat ing f ar away f rom resident ial

area. Explain why?

As t he conduct ing solut ions or mat er ials cont ains var ious t ypes of salt s which may be

poisonous and also usually acidic in nat ur e. So, in elect r oplat ing. f act or ies, t he disposal of used

conduct ing mat er ial is a maj or pr oblem and it should be disposed of in a pr oper way f ar away

f r om t he human populat ion.

I I . High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Quest ions.

1. W hy chromium is used f or elect roplat ing? W hy t he obj ect s which have chromium plat ing

are not made of chromium it self ?

Chr omium has a shiny appear ance, does not cor r ode so it is used f or elect r oplat ing. The obj ect s

which have chr omium plat ing ar e not made of chr omium it self because chr omium is ver y

expensive.

37 Created by Pinkz
 Value Based Q uest ions.

1. One day Rohan went t o his f riend’s house. He was surprised t o see t hat most of t he

elect rical appliances at his house were f unct ional. For example, t ube light and f ans in all

rooms, t wo Tv’s, comput er, light of t oilet and kit chen all were swit ched on. Rohan t old

his f riend t hat t his is not t he way t o use elect ricit y. Now t he quest ions arises whet her

t his habit of consuming elect rical energy is accept able or not . W ill it not af f ect t he

economical condit ion of f amily as well as t he Nat ion? How?

No, it is highly unaccept able. I t is t he wast age of nat ional ener gy r esour ces and t hese

kinds of habit s should be punished or f ined. I t can af f ect t he economical condit ion of f amily

and nat ion bot h, as t hey have t o pay much mor e amount as bill and nat ion has t o pr oduce mor e

elect r icit y by using mor e r esour ces or t hey have t o decr ease t he amount of power supply.

2. Last Wednesday, Suhail woke up lat e in t he morning. Sol, he saw t he t ime and suddenly

realised t hat he got lat e f or an int erview, which he was supposed t o give af t er reaching

t he venue by t he right t ime. I mmediat ely, he t urned on t he geyser but it did not work.

He got more t ensed, t hen he used an elect ric iron rod t hrough which he got some boiled

wat er f or his bat h. Act ually, t here was an eart hing problem in t he swit ch board about

which he was unaware. He was baref oot ed and was j ust about t o swit ch on t he elect ric

iron rod but was rest rict ed t o do so by his room part ner living wit h him. I f could be

dangerous f or Suhail.

i. Explain in br ief what could have happened wit h Suhail if her had swit ched on t he

elect r ic ir on r od bar ef oot ed.

ii. Ment ion t he values showed by Suhails r oom par t ner .

i. I f Suhail had swit ched on t he elect r ic ir on r od bar ef oot ed, t hen he could have met

wit h some accident , eit her in t he f or m of elect r ical spar king or shor t cir cuit of swit ch boar d.

ii. Suhail’s r oom par t ner seems t o be ver y int elligent and ver y much concer ned f or Suhail

as well.

38 Created by Pinkz
 Skill Based Q uest ions.

1. (a) Draw a diagram of a t est er t o show (i) Good conduct or (ii) Poor conduct or.

(b) What is t he dif f erence bet ween a circuit of good conduct or and poor conduct or?

(a)

Good conduct or Poor conduct or

(b) I f t he bulb is glowing in t he cir cuit t hen it means t hat t he obj ect being t est ed is a good

conduct or . I f t he bulb does not glow it indicat es t hat t he obj ect being t est ed in a poor

conduct or .

2. Draw a circuit diagram t o show t he conduct ion of elect ricit y in lemon j uice or vinegar .

3. (a) I dent if y t he f ollowing f igure and dif f erent iat e bet ween LED and elect ric bulb.

(b) Expand t he LED.

(a) The above f igur e is of LED.

39 Created by Pinkz
Dif f erence bet ween LED and elect ric bulb.

LED : I t can be used t o t est even when a weak elect r ic cur r ent f lows t hr ough it .

Elect ric bulb : I t can be used t o t est only a st r ong cur r ent which is suf f icient t o heat t he

f ilament of bulb.

(b) The f ull f or m of LED is Light Emit t ing Diode.

4. Draw a circuit diagram t o show preparat ion of t est er based on magnet ic ef f ect of

current .

5. Draw a well labelled diagram of passing current t hrough wat er and answer t he f ollowing

quest ions.

(i) Name t he elect rodes.

(ii) Name t he mat erial used t o make caps of elect rodes.

(iii) Which met al wire is wrapped around t he elect rodes?

(iv) W hat do you observe on passing elect ricit y?

(v) Name t he gases f ormed.

(vi) Can we call t he change in wat er as chemical change?

Passing cur r ent t hr ough wat er

40 Created by Pinkz
(i) Car bon r ods ar e used as elect r odes.

(ii) Br ass caps or any ot her met al.

(iii) Copper wir e.

(iv) We obser ve t he bubbles of gas near elect r odes.

(v) Oxygen and hydr ogen gases.

(vi) Yes, it is a chemical change.

6. Draw a simple circuit diagram t o show elect roplat ing and answer t he f ollowing quest ions.

(i) W rit e t he name of elect rodes.

(ii) Name t he solut ions used as elect rolyt e.

(iii) What sit eh colour of solut ion bef ore passing elect ricit y?

(iv) W hat is t he colour of solut ion af t er passing elect ricit y?

(v) Do you observe any coat ing on any one of t he elect rodes?

(vi) Name t he process of coat ing.

A simple cir cuit showing elect r oplat ing

(i) Copper plat es ar e used as elect r odes.

(ii) Copper sulphat e solut ion.

(iii) Blue colour .

(iv) Colour is f ed up (light or colour less)

(v) We obser ve coat ing on one elect r ode.

(vi) This pr ocess is called elect r oplat ing.

41 Created by Pinkz
7. Draw a diagram t o show t he t est ing of pot at o as good conduct or.

42 Created by Pinkz