Energy

Name: Time allowed:

Class: ( ) Date:

Marks: / 233

Part A - Fill in the blanks

1. An electric bell convertes electrical energy into ____________ energy.

2. ________________ is seldom used directly as fuel. It is processed to produce

several types of fuels, such as petrol and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

3. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words chosen from the box below.
(1 mark each)
thermal dry cells chemical motor
potential sound kinetic light

(a) A television gives out (i)__________________________ and

(ii)__________________________ energy.
(b) A clock is powered by (i)__________________________ which store
(ii)__________________________ energy.
(c) An electric iron releases __________________________ energy when it is
switched on.

4. A light bulb gives out ______________ energy to the surroundings.

5. (1 mark each)
The emissions from power stations contain (a)_________________, which will react
with water in the air to form (b)_________________.
6. Look at the picture below. Peter is using the computer at home. Try to identify the
forms of energy in the picture. (1 mark each)

(a) The computer needs (i)______________________ energy to work. The monitor

gives out (ii)______________________ energy.
(b) The speaker gives out ______________________ energy.
(c) The mouse has ______________________ energy when Peter moves it.

7. The bow stores ____________________ energy when it is stretched.

8. (1 mark each)
(a)__________________, such as (b)_______________, (c)_____________________
and (d)_____________________, are formed from the remains of dead plants and
animals buried millions of years ago. They are (e)______________________ energy
sources because they take a very long time to replenish after they are used.

9. (1 mark each)
All objects (a)____________________ and (b)____________________ radiation.

10. The _____________________ energy that is stored in plants or in animal waste is

called biomass energy.
Part B - Matching

11. Match column A with column B by writing the corresponding letters a, b, etc. in
the boxes below.
Energy Converter Energy Conversion

1. car (a) Potential energy → Kinctic energy →


Electrical energy

2. electric motor  (b) Electrical energy → Kinetic energy

3. home gas cooker  (c) Chemical energy → Kinetic energy

4. electric iron  (d) Light energy → Electrical energy

5. filament lamp  (e) Electrical energy → Thermal energy

6. solar cell  (f) Chemical energy → Thermal energy

7. hydroelectric power  (g) Electrical energy → Light energy

12. Match column A with column B by writing the corresponding letters a, b, etc. in
the boxes below.
Column A Column B

1. conduction  (a) cannot take place in solids

2. convection  (b) good conductors of heat

3. radiation  (c) good absorbers of radiation

4. metals  (d) can take place in solids, liquids and gases

5. non-metals  (e) can take place in vacuum

6. dull black surfaces  (f) poor emitters of radiation

7. shiny silver surfaces  (g) poor conductors of heat

13. Match column A with column B by writing the corresponding letters a, b, etc. in
the boxes below.
Column A Column B

1. Coal (a) is the substance that can be burnt to give


out energy.

2. Crude oil  (b) can be used to produce town gas.

3. Natural gas  (c) dissolves in rain to form acid rain.

4. Fuel (d) is a black solid fuel and is mainly used to


generate electricity.

5. Non-renewable energy (e) a thick, dark liquid and is seldom used


sources directly as fuel.

6. Renewable energy (f) can be replenished in a short period of


sources time.

7. Sulphur dioxide (g) take a very long time to replenish after


they are used.

8. Carbon dioxide  (h) can trap heat in the atmosphere.

14. Match column A with column B by writing the corresponding letters a, b, etc. in
the boxes below.
Column A Column B

1. Thermal energy  (a) can be delivered to our homes easily and safely.

2. Light energy  (b) related to the temperature of an object.

3. Chemical energy  (c) is stored in batteries, food and fuels.

4. Electrical energy  (d) enables us to see the surroundings at night.

5. Nuclear energy (e) can be used to generate electricity in a nuclear


power station.

6. Kinetic energy (f) is the energy possessed by an elevator or a


stretched object.

7. Potential energy  (g) is the energy possessed by a moving object.

15. Match column A with column B by writing the corresponding letters a, b, etc. in
the boxes below.
Column A Column B

1. Thermal energy (a) from the Sun is needed in green plants to


produce food.

2. Light energy  (b) is the energy that is stored in fuels.

3. Chemical energy  (c) can be released by an oven.

4. Electrical energy (d) is the energy that can be used to generate


electricity in a nuclear power station.

5. Nuclear energy (e) is the energy that is possessed by a raised


object.

6. Kinetic energy (f) is the energy that can be converted to


electrical energy by a dynamo.

7. Potential energy (g) is the energy that powers electrical


appliances.

Part C - Online Test

16. Electrical energy can be converted into different kinds of energy, such as
(1) sound energy.
(2) thermal energy.
(3) solar energy.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

17. A metal rod is joined with a wooden rod of same length and diameter. Then, the
rod is heated at the join for a while. At which of the following positions is the
temperature the lowest?
 B C

A D

 heat


18. The table below shows the energy conversion that takes place in device X.
Energy input Energy output
Electrical energy (200 J) Kinetic energy (130 J),
Thermal energy (60 J),
Sound energy (10 J)

Study the following Sankey diagram for device X. Each small square represents 20 J
of energy.

Energy P Energy Q

Energy R Energy S

Which of the following combination is correct?

P Q R S
A. electrical energy sound energy thermal energy kinetic energy
B. electrical energy thermal energy kinetic energy sound energy
C. electrical energy kinetic energy thermal energy sound energy
D. electrical energy kinetic energy sound energy thermal energy


19. As shown in Fig. (a), a double glazing window traps a layer of air between two
panels of glass. This window can help reduce heat transfer between the room and the
outside through conduction and convection. Fig. (b) shows a graph of the rate of heat
transfer through a double glazing window against the thickness of the layer of air.

total rate of heat

transfer by
Rate of heat
conduction and
transfer
convection
through a
double by convection
glazing
window by conduction

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Thickness of the layer of air (cm)
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

What thickness of the layer of air should be chosen to minimize the heat transfer
between the room and the outside?
A. 0.5 cm
B. 1.0 cm
C. 1.5 cm
D. 2.0 cm 

20. The energy input and output of four different vacuum cleaners are listed in the
table below.
Vacuum cleaner Total energy input (J) Useful energy output (J)
W 500 375
X 700 575
Y 800 600
Z 900 750
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Z has the highest efficiency.
(2) The efficiency of W and Y are the same.
(3) W has a higher efficiency than X.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

21. The photo below shows a bread maker machine. After the ingredients such as flour,
egg, milk, sugar, etc. are put in the machine, its blade starts to turn and mix the
ingredients together. The flour dough (麵糰) will then be baked and the bread will be
ready after a few hours.

blade

Which of the following shows the energy conversion when the bread maker machine
makes a bread?
A. electrical energy → kinetic energy + thermal energy + sound energy → chemical
energy
B. electrical energy → kinetic energy + chemical energy → thermal energy
C. electrical energy → thermal energy + sound energy → chemical energy
D. electrical energy → kinetic energy + sound energy + chemical energy → kinetic
energy 

22. Which of the following appliances has the same energy change as a portable VCD
player when it is used to play a movie?
A. Siren of police car
B. Loudspeaker
C. Oven
D. Exhaust fan 

23. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Land breeze happens during day times when the sea is cooler than the land.
B. Land breeze happens during night times when the land is cooler than the sea.
C. Sea breeze happens during day times when the land is cooler than the sea.
D. Sea breeze happens during night times when the sea is cooler than the land. 

24. Which of the following is NOT a way to conserve energy?

A. Use compact fluorescent lamps instead of ordinary light bulbs.
B. Switch off lights, fans when they are not in use.
C. Choose electrical appliances with a Grade 1 Energy Label.
D. Travel by the private cars instead of using MTR. 

25.

Which of the following correctly explains why a metal door knob feels colder than the
wooden door knob on a cold day?
A. Metal conducts heat away from the door knob more readily than wood.
B. Wood conducts heat away from the door knob more readily than metal.
C. Metal conducts heat away from your hands more readily than wood.
D. Wood conducts heat away from your hands more readily than metal. 

26. People wearing down coat usually feel warmer than putting on ordinary clothes of
similar thickness. Which of the following best explains this?
A. Down is a poor emitter of radiation.
B. Down can trap air inside them.
C. Down absorbs heat from the surroundings.
D. Down will not absorb energy from our body. 

27. The table below shows the energy conversion that takes place in device X.
Energy input Energy output
Electrical energy (60 J) Kinetic energy (52 J),
Thermal energy (8 J)

A student draws the following Sankey diagram to show the above energy conversion..
Each small square represents 4 J of energy.

electrical energy (60 J) kinetic energy (52 J)

thermal energy (8 J)

What mistakes does he make in his Sankey diagram?

A. The width of the arrow representing electrical energy is not proportional to the
 amount of energy it represents.
B. The width of the arrow representing kinetic energy is not proportional to the
amount of energy it represents.
C. The width of the arrow representing thermal energy is not proportional to the
amount of energy it represents.
D. The lengths of the arrows are not proportional to the amount of energy they
represent. 

28. Which of the following appliances will convert electrical energy to kinetic energy
and thermal energy?
(1) Electric iron
(2) Hair dryer
(3) Fluorescent lamp
(4) Toaster
A. (4) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (2) and (4) only 

29. Four rods are of the same thickness and length, but of different metals. Patrick
sticks five balls on each rod as shown in Fig. (a) and heats the rods at one end for a
while. The experimental result is shown in Fig. (b).

A B C D A B C D

   
heat

Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

Which rod is the best conductor of heat?

30. In which of the following situations does NOT involve energy?
(1) We are eating.
(2) We are walking.
(3) We are sleeping.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (3) only
D. None of the above 

31. A beaker filled with tap water is shown below.

X Y
⚫ ⚫

⚫
Z
Which of the following can set up a convection current in the water?
A. Heating water at X
B. Heating water at Y
C. Cooling water at X
D. Cooling water at Z 

32. What form of energy is stored in the stretched rubber band?

A. Chemical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Potential energy
D. Thermal energy 

33. A boy is playing a yoyo.

 1

At which points does the yoyo have the most potential energy and most kinetic energy
respectively?
Most potential energy Most kinetic energy
A. 1 4
B. 3 1
C. 2 3
D. 4 2


34. Alcohol is burnt to produce steam from water in order to turn the wheel. The bulb
then lights up.
 bulb

wheel
boiler

piston

fuel

Which of the following energy conversions takes place from the alcohol to the bulb?
A. kinetic energy → electrical energy → thermal energy + light energy
B. thermal energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy → thermal energy + light
energy
C. chemical energy → thermal energy → kinetic energy → thermal energy + light
energy
D. chemical energy → thermal energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy →
thermal energy + light energy 

35.

Which of the following energy conversion takes place when the wind turbines are
driven by the wind to generate electricity?
A. potential energy → electrical energy
B. kinetic energy → potential energy
C. kinetic energy → electrical energy
D. electrical energy → kinetic energy 

36. Four identical pieces of ice cubes are heated in water as shown below. In which
test tube does the ice cube melt the slowest?
A. B.

ice water

water ice wrapped in

metal gauze

C. D.

ice
water

water

ice wrapped in
metal gauze

37. Study the following Sankey diagram. Each small square represents 2 J of energy.
 electrical energy kinetic energy

thermal energy

Which of the following combinations is correct?

Electrical energy Kinetic energy Thermal energy
A. 15 J 13 J 2J
B. 30 J 26 J 4J
C. 100 J 80 J 20 J
D. 300 J 280 J 20 J


38. Which of the following are fossil fuels?

(1) Coal
(2) Crude oil
(3) Natural gas
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

39. Which of the following is/are way(s) to save energy?

(1) Use compact fluorescent lamps instead of ordinary light bulbs.
(2) Set the air-conditioner to a higher temperature.
(3) Take a short shower instead of a bath.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

40. Two identical flasks, X and Y, are filled with the same amount of hot water. Flask
X is painted dull black and flask Y is shiny silver. The water temperature of the two
flasks is then monitored by a data-logger.

data-logger

X Y

dull black surface shiny silver surface

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT?

(1) The temperature of flask X is always higher than that of flask Y during the
experiment.
(2) Heat is lost to the surroundings by radiation only.
(3) Flask Y does not emit radiation.
A. (3) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

41. When the power supply is switched on, water is pumped from the lower trough to
the upper trough.
power supply
water turbine
motor

upper trough

lower trough
Which of the following energy conversions takes place from the power supply to
water?
A. electrical energy → potential energy → kinetic energy
B. electrical energy → kinetic energy → potential energy
C. kinetic energy → electrical energy → potential energy
D. potential energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy → potential energy 

42. Which of the following has/have to be built in order to generate hydroelectric

power?
(1) Dam
(2) Turbine
(3) Generator
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

43. A plastic spoon and a metal spoon are stored in a refrigerator. They are taken out
of the refrigerator until their temperatures reach 4 C.

Which of the following statements about the spoons is correct?

A. Both of the them feel the same because their temperatures are the same.
B. The plastic spoon feels colder than the metal spoon because plastic is a better
conductor of heat.
C. The metal spoon feels colder than the plastic spoon because metal is a better
insulator of heat.
D. The metal spoon feels colder than the plastic spoon because metal is a better
conductor of heat. 
44. Which of the following statements is/are the advantage(s) of using renewable
energy source?
(1) They will not be used up.
(2) The facilities are cheap to build.
(3) They cause low level of pollution.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 

45. The diagram below shows a copper plate that is very hot. One side is painted
black and the other is shiny silver. A student places his hands at the same distance
from each side as shown.

black shiny silver

copper plate

left hand right hand

He feels that his left hand is warmer than his right hand. Which of the following is the
conclusion from this experiment?
A. A black surface can make us feel hotter.
B. A black surface is a good emitter of radiation.
C. A black surface is a good absorber of radiation.
D. A shiny silver surface can prevent heat transfer through radiation. 

Part D - Short question

46. Describe the energy change in each of the following conditions: (8 marks)
(a) Waterfall

(i)________________________ → (ii)_______________________

(b) Radio

(i)________________________ → (ii)_______________________

(c) Tennis player

(i)________________________ → (ii)_______________________

(d) Letting go of the bucket

(i)________________________ → (ii)_______________________
47. Renewable energy sources do not pollute air or water. However, they can still
harm the environment. Give TWO examples of renewable energy sources that can
harm the environment and describe how they affect the environment. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

48. As shown in the picture below, three different devices are used in a house to
generate electricity.

turbine
solar panel

petrol generator

(a) Complete the table below. (4 marks)

Initial forms of energy Devices Final form of energy
Turbine
Solar panel
Petrol generator

(b) State which of the device(s) is/are using renewable energy sources and which of
them is/are using non-renewable energy sources. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) The wind turbine cannot generate electricity all the time. Give a reason. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

49. Tom charged the battery of his mobile phone and set the phone to a vibration
mode.
(a) What is the energy conversion in the phone as the battery is being charged?
(2 marks)
→

(b) What is the energy conversion in the phone as the mobile phone rings and
vibrates? (3 marks)
→ →

50. Sally goes skiing with her family. She takes the ski lift to the top of the hill and
then skis down.

(a) Write the energy conversion of the ski lift as it climbs up the hill. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Below shows the energy changes that occur when Sally skis down the hill.
Complete the diagram by indicating the type of energy – kinetic, potential, or
both when Sally is at each of the following stages: at the top of the hill, halfway
down, and just reaches the bottom of the hill. (3 marks)
 at the top of
the hill

halfway
down

at the bottom of
the hill

51. One of the alternative energy sources is wind power.

(a) What are the advantages of using wind power? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

(b) What are the disadvantages of using wind power? (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

52.
Polar bears have a thick layer of fat which can keep warm. Explain how it can do so.
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________

53. A student says ‘All non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels.’
Do you agree or disagree with him? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Part E - Long question

54. Solar energy is a renewable energy source. Solar water heaters make use of it to
heat water directly.

The table below shows the monthly average amount of light energy from the Sun
(arbitrary unit) in Hong Kong over the past 25 years.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
105 98 102 120 145 147 165 154 142 140 122 108

(a) Draw a bar chart to present the above set of data. (3 marks)

(b) What does the performance of the solar water heater depend on? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(c) In which month will the performance of the solar water heater be the best? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(d) Why are solar water heaters installed on the rooftop of a building? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) Give ONE limitation of solar water heaters. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

55. A boy released a ball at a certain height. It made some sound as it bounced on the
ground for a few times and finally stopped.

(a) Describe the energy change of the process when the ball was released and hit the
ground. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Why did the ball stop after bouncing for a few times? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(c)

Two balls, X and Y, are rolling with the same speed. Given that X is heavier than
Y, which ball has more kinetic energy? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(d) A trolley is moving downhill, as shown in the diagram.

(i) Describe the energy change of the trolley. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________

(ii) If the hill’s height h is increased, how will the speed of the trolley change
 when it reaches the bottom of the hill? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________

56. The processor in a computer produces a lot of heat during operation. This heat
must be removed otherwise the processor may fail to work properly. The processor is
placed in contact with a heat sink. The heat sink is usually made of metal. A fan is
installed on the top of the heat sink.
fan

heat sink

(a) Explain why the heat sink is usually made of metal. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Some heat sinks are painted black, instead of silver. Compare the performance of
a black heat sink and a silver heat sink. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the purpose of installing a fan on the top of the heat sink? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

57. Evelyn wants to study the rate of conduction of heat in different solids. She uses
the set-up below in which moist cobalt chloride paper is used. Cobalt chloride paper is
pink in colour when it is moist and blue in colour when it is dry.
 glass rod

aluminium rod

copper rod

moist cobalt
chloride paper

(a) What is the dependent variable of the experiment? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the advantage of using cobalt chloride paper rather than wax? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Why does the cobalt chloride paper change colour during the experiment?
(3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(d) For the glass rod and the copper rod used in the experiment, on which one will
the cobalt chloride paper turn blue first? Briefly explain why. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

58. Look at the following pie chart showing the percentage distribution of the main
energy sources of a country and answer the questions that follow.
 Nuclear energy (10%)
Solar energy (5%)

Coal (15%)

Crude oil
(40%)

Hydroelectric
power
(30%)

(a) This country wants to reduce using crude oil to generate electricity. Suggest
TWO disadvantages in using crude oil to generate electricity. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) According to the chart, suggest ONE energy source for the country to replace
crude oil. Explain your answer. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Try to guess the geographical features of this country. Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(d) Explain how electricity is generated in a nuclear power station. (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

59. The diagram below shows a metal pot containing water. The metal pot is placed
on a hot plate kept at 100 C. After a while, the air above the surface of water also
becomes hot.
 air
metal pot

water
X

hot plate
(a) Identify the main process of heat transfer in the following.
(i) Heat is transferred from the hot plate to the base of metal pot. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________

(ii) Heat is transferred through the water. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________

(iii) Heat is transferred from the water to the air. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(b) A student places his hand at point X, which is about 30 cm away from the hot
plate. His hand feels hot. State which method of heat transfer is responsible for
this observation. Also, explain why the other methods are not effective in
transferring heat to point X. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Three other hot plates, A, B and C, are of the same size but made of different
types of metal. A student repeats the experiment mentioned above using these
three hot plates. His experimental result is shown in the table below.
Plate A Plate B Plate C
Temperature rise (C) 22 15 18
Time taken (s) 200 200 200

(i) Which plate is the poorest conductor of heat? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
 (ii) Which plate is the best conductor of heat? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________

60. Methane hydrate (可燃冰) is a new energy source which can be found under the
sea. It is a substance in which methane (甲烷) is trapped within a crystal structure of
water (水合物).

methane hydrate

(a) Do you think methane hydrate is a renewable energy source or a non-renewable

energy source? Briefly explain your answer. (2 marks)
(Hint: The main component of natural gas is methane.)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Methane is a greenhouse gas. Some scientists are concerned about the extraction
(開採) of methane hydrate may lead to a large amount of methane releasing into
the atmosphere.
(i) Briefly explain why the release of a large amount of methane into the
atmosphere will lead to global warming. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(ii) State ONE harmful effect caused by global warming. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________

(iii) Suggest ONE way we can do to slow down global warming. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
61. As shown in the diagram below, a light bulb is placed between two metal plates (A
and B). Plate A is painted dull black on the side facing the light bulb while plate B is
painted shiny silver. Two corks are stuck to the plates with wax.

plate A plate B

cork cork

wax
wax

light bulb

(a) What is the objective of this experiment? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

(b) What are the control variables in this experiment? (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Which cork will drop first? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

62. Joseph plans to investigate the factors affecting the rate of heat transfer. He uses
four containers P, Q, R and S made of the same kind of metal in his investigation.
Joseph pours boiling water into each container and records the water temperature in
each container in regular intervals.
 P Q
shiny metal metal container
container painted black

lid

cotton wool

R S
shiny metal shiny metal
container container

(a) How could Joseph make sure that the investigation is a fair test? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) In which container does the water lose the most heat by radiation? Explain
your answer. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(ii) In which container does the water lose the most heat by convection?
Explain your answer. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(c) After 20 minutes, Joseph recorded the highest water temperature in container S.
Explain why the water in container S remains hot for the longest time. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
63. Study the following photo of a hydroelectric power station and answer the
questions that follow.

(a) What is X? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

(b) State the use of X in the power station. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

(c) State the energy conversion involved in the generation of electricity in the
hydroelectric power station. (4 marks)
(i)_______________energy (stored in the water)

(ii)______________energy (of flowing water)

(iii)______________energy (of spinning turbine)
 (generator)
(iv)______________energy

(d) Give ONE advantage of generating electricity with hydroelectric power. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(e) Give ONE disadvantage of generating electricity with hydroelectric power. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(f) Besides the use mentioned in (b), suggest another use of X during days with
heavy rainfall. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
64. Read the following article and then answer the questions that follow.
A hybrid car is a car powered by two or more energy sources. There are a small
gasoline engine, batteries and an electric motor in a gasoline-electric hybrid car.

A hybrid car has a small engine and therefore less fuel is used. It also has an electric
motor, which is driven by batteries, to give extra power to the car. When the car
slows down, the electric motor can act as an electric generator. It uses the kinetic
energy from the car to charge up the battery.

Hybrid cars have advantages over the gasoline-powered cars. Less exhaust gas is
given out since they burn less fuels. Moreover, carbon dioxide coming out from the
car engine is greatly reduced and thus hybrid cars cause less pollution to the
environment.

(a) What is the major advantage of using a hybrid vehicle? (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
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(b) Fill in the blanks to complete the energy conversion of the car. (1 mark)
(i)____________ energy of gasoline + (ii)____________ energy of motor →
(iii)___________ energy of the car

(c) Suggest another energy source that can drive a car. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

65. Read the newspaper clipping below and answer the questions that follow.
 12 December 2022
Chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy found to be the toughest material in the world

Some U.S. scientists have discovered a kind of alloy made of chromium (鉻),
cobalt (鈷) and nickel (鎳). This newly-discovered alloy is tested to be the
toughest material in the world.

Most alloys are made up of one major metallic element, with small amounts of
other metallic or non-metallic elements added. Unlike the traditional alloys, this
alloy is made up of equal proportions of each constituent element (成分元素). Its
strength is exceptionally high even at very low temperatures. Due to this unique
property, this alloy is ideal for the application in some extreme environments such
as space.

(a) Traditional alloys are usually a mixture of a metal of a high proportion and one
or a few other elements. For each the following alloys, state the major
constituent metal and ONE of their uses. (4 marks)
Alloy Major constituent metal Use

bronze

stainless steel

(b) Describe how heat is transferred in space. (3 marks)

(c) This new alloy may be widely used in future space exploration. Currently, the
spacecrafts are still made of a traditional alloy and there are some special designs
of heat insulation.
 (i) Which alloy is usually used for making spacecraft bodies? (1 mark)

(ii) State the special designs of heat insulation of spacecrafts. (2 marks)

(iii) Explain why heat insulation is required for spacecrafts. (2 marks)

66. Macy is playing bungee jumping. The table below shows Macy’s potential energy
and kinetic energy at four different positions as she falls.
Position Total energy (kJ) Potential energy (kJ) Kinetic energy (kJ)
W 26 26 0
X 26 p 4
Y q 18 r
Z 26 10 16

(a) Why does Macy have no kinetic energy at position W? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

(b) What do you notice about the total energy of Macy during her jumping? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(c) According to your answer in (b), predict the missing values, p, q and r. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

(d) What is the relationship between her potential energy and kinetic energy during
her jumping? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

67. Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.
Waste incinerator⎯an option for waste disposal and electricity generation

In Hong Kong, a large amount of waste is disposed of every day. Besides landfills,
 building a waste incinerator can be a way to solve the waste disposal problem. Shek
Kwu Chau, an island south of Lantau, has been identified as a suitable site for
building a waste incinerator.

Building a waste incinerator not only solve the disposal problem, but can also
generate electricity to power thousands of homes. However, many people are
concerned with the emissions coming from the waste incinerators. Some green
groups are also worried that construction of the waste incinerator may kill the
wildlife near Shek Kwu Chau.

A waste incinerator in Japan

(a) According to the article, write TWO advantages of building a waste incinerator.
(2 marks)
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(b) The process of electricity generation in a waste incinerator is similar to that in a

coal-fired power plant. Briefly describe the process of electricity generation in a
coal-fired power plant. (4 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Write TWO reasons why some people are against the building of a waste
incinerator. (2 marks)
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68.

In June 2007, the government launched the ‘Cool Biz’ campaign, which aims at
encouraging workers in offices and shops to wear informal clothing in summer. This
can help to save energy and reduce air pollution.

(a) Briefly explain why wearing informal clothing to office can help to save energy
and reduce air pollution. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Why is it more urgent and important to save energy in offices and shops than in
domestic area? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Besides wearing informal clothing in summer, suggest TWO other ways that
could help to save energy in our daily lives. (2 marks)
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