Fault
Seismic Waves
HOUSE B
HOUSE A
Epicenter HOUSE C
Focus
FOCUS (HYPOCENTER)
The point inside the Earth where
an earthquake starts.
EPICENTER
Areas near the _______ usually
experience the strongest shaking.
FAULT
A fracture along which movement
occurs.
SEISMIC WAVES
These are energy waves released
from the focus.
EPICENTER
The point on the surface directly
above the focus.
FOCUS (HYPOCENTER)
This is where rocks break and
energy is released.
SEISMIC WAVES
These travel through the Earth
and cause the ground to shake.
SEISMIC WAVES
The shaking we feel is due to ____.
MAGNITUDE AND
INTENSITY OF AN
EARTHQUAKE
Science 7
Prepared by:
Ma’am Renee (Science Practice Teacher)
Objectives:
1. Differentiate magnitude and intensity.
2. Demonstrate the difference between earthquake
magnitude and intensity through observation and
conducting a hands-on activity.
3. Develop an awareness of the potential dangers
of high-magnitude earthquakes and recognize
the importance of disaster preparedness and
mitigation strategies to reduce risks.
PHIVOLCS
It is a service agency under
Philippine Institute of the Department of Science
Volcanology and Seismology and Technology (DOST). It is
tasked with mitigating
disasters by monitoring
earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions, as well as
providing safety, hazard
maps, and information to
protect lives and property.
Magnitude is a measure of
Magnitude of the energy released by an
earthquake.
an Earthquake
The Richter scale is used to
measure the magnitude of
an earthquake, ranging from
0 to 10 or more.
Each whole number
increase on the scale
represents a tenfold
increase in the amplitude of
the seismic waves.
SEISMOMETER
the instrument that detects and measures ground motion (seismic waves)
and provides the data used to determine an earthquake’s magnitude.
SEISMOGRAPH
The record or graph produced by the seismometer.
RICHTER SCALE
RICHTER SCALE
RICHTER SCALE AND THEIR EFFECTS
1.0 - 2.9: Generally not felt, recorded only by seismographs.
3.0 - 3.9: Often felt but rarely causes damage.
4.0 - 4.9: Can cause noticeable shaking of indoor objects.
5.0 - 5.9: May cause damage to weak structures.
6.0 - 6.9: Can cause serious damage in populated areas.
7.0 - 7.9: Causes widespread damage and destruction.
8.0 and above: Catastrophic effects, significant structural
destruction, potential tsunamis
The intensity of an
Intensity of an earthquake measures how
Earthquake strongly an earthquake is felt
and the extent of damage it
causes to people, buildings,
and the environment in a
specific area.
The Intensity Scale shows
how strong an earthquake
feels and how much damage
it causes in a particular
location.
INTENSITY
SCALE
INTENSITY 1
Shaking What People May Experience
Scarcely Noticeable to some people
perceptible Water moves slowly
INTENSITY 2
Shaking What People May Experience
Felt by few people indoors
Slightly felt Hanging objects swing
slightly
Water moves noticeably
INTENSITY 3
Shaking What People May Experience
Felt by people indoors,
especially in upper floors
Weak
Some experience
dizziness
Hanging objects swing
INTENSITY 4
Shaking What People May Experience
Light sleepers are
awakened
Moderately Hanging objects swing
Strong Plates, utensils, windows,
and doors rattle
Water moves strongly
INTENSITY 5
Shaking What People May Experience
Many sleeping people are
awakened
Strong Shaking felt in buildings
Hanging objects swing
violently
Light or unstable objects
may fall
INTENSITY 6
Shaking What People May Experience
People lose balance
Motorists feel like driving
Very Strong with flat tires
Heavy furniture move
Cracks appear on walls
Trees shake
INTENSITY 7
Shaking What People May Experience
People have difficulty
standing in upper floors
Destructive Furniture toppled
Church bells ring
Old or poorly-built
structures damaged
INTENSITY 8
Shaking What People May Experience
People have difficulty
standing
Very Damaged buildings and
Destructive bridges
Railway tracks broken
Tombstones overturned
Landslides
INTENSITY 9
Shaking What People May Experience
People are thrown to
ground
Devastating Totally damaged buildings
Bridges destroyed
Towers tilted
Landslides
INTENSITY 10
Shaking What People May Experience
Destruction of man-made
structures
Completely
Massive landslides
Devastating
River courses change
Trees uprooted
Intensity is not measured by an
instrument; it is assessed from
observations using the MMI
(Modified Mercalli Intensity) scale.
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes
that follow the main earthquake
(mainshock) in the same area.
[Link]
SUMMARY [Link] is the main difference of
intensity and magnitude?
[Link] is it important to be
aware of the dangers of high-
magnitude earthquakes?
[Link] does understanding
these help in disaster
preparedness and mitigation.