Solved Examination Paper
Course: Introduction to Basic Computer II
Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Instructions: Answers to all questions
SECTION A
Qn 1. Give three disadvantages of high-level language.
1. High-level languages require translation (compiler or interpreter) before execution,
which takes time.
2. They may use more memory and processing power compared to low-level languages.
3. They provide less direct control over hardware compared to machine or assembly
language.
Qn 2. What is the difference between Label entry and Value entry in Microsoft Excel?
Label entry refers to text or descriptive information entered into a cell, such as names or
headings, and is not used in calculations.
Value entry refers to numerical data entered into a cell that can be used in mathematical
calculations and formulas.
Qn 3. What is Software?
Software is a collection of programs, procedures, and related data that instructs a computer
on how to perform tasks. It enables the hardware to function and perform specific
operations such as processing data, running applications, and managing system resources.
Qn 4. Why is Machine-level language also called first generation language?
Machine-level language is called first generation language because it is the earliest form of
programming language used by computers. It consists entirely of binary digits (0s and 1s)
that are directly understood and executed by the computer’s hardware without translation.
Qn 5. Draw a labeled hierarchy of computer languages showing abstraction from hardware.
Hierarchy of computer languages (from lowest to highest level of abstraction):
1. Machine Language (Binary)
2. Assembly Language
3. High-Level Languages (e.g., C, Java, Python)
4. Very High-Level / Fourth Generation Languages
5. Natural Language Interfaces
As we move upward, the level of abstraction from hardware increases.
Qn 6. Mention any four Arithmetic operators.
1. Addition (+)
2. Subtraction (-)
3. Multiplication (*)
4. Division (/)
Qn 7. Outline three advantages of first generation language.
1. Direct execution by the computer without translation.
2. Very fast execution speed.
3. Efficient use of memory and hardware resources.
Qn 8. In what form do you represent machine language (binary language)?
Machine language is represented in binary form using digits 0 and 1.
SECTION B
Qn 1. What do you mean by language processor?
A language processor is system software that translates a program written in a
programming language into machine language so that the computer can understand and
execute it. Examples include compilers, interpreters, and assemblers.
Qn 2. Discuss five types of language processors.
1. Compiler – Translates the entire program at once into machine code before execution.
2. Interpreter – Translates and executes the program line by line.
3. Assembler – Converts assembly language into machine language.
4. Preprocessor – Processes source code before compilation (e.g., handles macros and file
inclusion).
5. Linker – Combines object files and libraries into a single executable program.
Qn 3. Mention any four functions of operating system.
1. Memory management.
2. Process management.
3. File system management.
4. Device management.
5. Providing user interface.
Qn 4. Define the following terms:
a) Presentation – A collection of slides used to communicate information to an audience,
usually created using presentation software.
b) Slide – A single page of a presentation containing text, images, or other content.
c) Syntax – The rules that define the correct structure of statements in a programming
language.
d) Workbook – A file in spreadsheet software that contains one or more worksheets.
e) Debugger – A tool used to detect and correct errors in a computer program.
Qn 5. What language was in use during:
a) Second generation computers – Assembly language.
b) Third generation computers – High-level programming languages.
Qn 6. Mention five differences between low-level language and high-level language.
1. Low-level language is machine dependent; high-level language is machine independent.
2. Low-level language is difficult to understand; high-level language is easy to read and
write.
3. Low-level language executes faster; high-level language requires translation.
4. Low-level language provides direct hardware control; high-level language abstracts
hardware details.
5. Low-level language is harder to debug and maintain; high-level language is easier to
maintain.