1.
Mjpkdpjdpd; gFjpapy; FbNawp tptrhak; nra;a njhlq;fpdhd;
rkntsp
Mw;Nwhuk;
kiy
Fd;W
2. Neub kf;fshl;rp eilngWk; ehL
Rtpl;ru;yhe;J
,e;jpah
mnkupf;fh
rPdh.
3. „jkpo; nrk;nkhopahf‟ mwptpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L
2000
2001
2002
2004.
4. [Link];. mk;Ngj;fUf;F „ghuj; uj;dh‟ ve;j Mz;L toq;fg;gl;lJ?
1990
1989
1988
1987
5. “rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk;” vd;w cj;juthjj;ij mspf;Fk;
rl;lg;gpupT.
rl;lg;gpupT 15
rl;lg;gpupT 14
rl;lg;gpupT 17
rl;lg;gpupt18.
6. ahUila fhyj;jpy; „ehse;jh gy;fiyf;fofk;‟ cUthf;fg;gl;lJ?
rKj;jpuFg;ju;>
re;jpuFg;ju;
FkhuFg;ju;
fe;j Fg;ju;
[Link];Jf.
kdpju;fs; - tho;tplq;fs;.
M];lu;Nyhgpjpf]; - Mg;gpupf;fh.
N`hNkh vuf;l]; - gpuhd;];
FNuhNkhf;dhd;]; - Mg;gpupf;fh& Mrpah.
N`hNkh Nrg;gpad;]; - fpof;F Mg;gpupf;fh.4321
8.‟`ug;gh‟ vd;gjpd; nghUs;
GijAz;l efuk;
,Lfhl;L NkL
kiyNkL
,Uz;l efuk;
GijAz;l efuk;
[Link];rhgpy; ,uapy; ghij yh$u; Kjy; fuhr;rp tiu mikf;fg;gl;l
Mz;L.
fpgp 1856
fpgp 1746
fpgp 1858
fpgp 1866.
[Link];Jntsp ehfupfj;jpy; jhdpa fsQ;rpak; vq;F fhzg;gl;lJ?
`ug;gh
nkhfQ;rjhNuh
Nyhj;jy;
fhspgq;fd;.
11.G+k;Gfhu; JiwKfj;jpy; ele;j tzpfk; Fwpj;J $Wk; rq;f fhy
rhd;Wfspy; jtwhdJ vJ?
gl;bdg;ghiy
kzpNkfiy
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
jpUf;Fws;.
[Link];ila fhyj;jpy; kJiuia Ml;rp nra;jtu;fis rupahf
tupirg;gLj;Jf.
ghz;bad;
Nrhou;fs;
fyg;gpuu;fs; 123 312 321 132.
13: $w;Wfis Muha;f:
$w;W:1 Gfo;ngw;w fpNuf;f tuyhw;W Mrpupau; nkf];jdp Fwpg;Gfspy;
kJiuiag; gw;wp jfty;fs; cz;L
$w;W: 2 nksupa tk;r muruhd re;jpuFg;jupd; mikr;ruhd
rhzf;fpau; kJiuia gw;wp jdJ mu;j;jrh];jpuj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
$w;W:1klLk; rhp
$w;W:2klLk; rup.
$w;W:3klLk; rup
$w;W1kw;Wk; 2rhp
[Link] mfyhAld; njhlu;Gila efuk;
kJiu
`ug;gh
fhQ;rpGuk;
G+k;Gfhu;.
15.‟rg;j rpe;J‟vd;gJ vj;jid ejpfis Fwpf;Fk?;
VO.
MW
ehd;F
%d;W
16.,e;jpaNjrpa Fwpf;Nfhshd rj;jpa Nkt n[aNj ((tha;ikNa
nty;Yk;)vd;gJ vjpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ?
Muz;ad;fs;
Kz;lf cgepljk;
gpuhkzq;fs;
Ntjq;fs;.
[Link] fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l r%f mikg;ig tupirg;gLj;Jf?.
FLk;gk>; fpuhkk;> tp];> [dh> [dgjh
FLk;gk>;. tp];> fpuhkk [dgjh [dh>
[dgjh> fpuhkk;> tp]; FLk;gk>; [dh
[dgjh> fpuhkk;> FLk;gk>; [dh tp];
[Link];jpul;ilfs; fpilj;Js;s ,lq;fis
nghUj;Jf.
tPuuhftGuk; - fhQ;rpGuk;
Fk;khs kUJgl;b - jpz;Lf;fy;
eurpq;fg;gl;b - kJiu.
321
123
312
213
19. xsuq;fhghj;jpYs;s m[e;jh Fif ve;j khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ?
kfhuh\;buh
xbrh
gPfhu;
F[uhj;
20.$w;Wfis Muha;f
$w;W1:. Mq;fpNyau;fs; jq;fsJ Kjy; tzpf ikaj;ij
tq;fhstpupFlh flw;fiuapy; cs;s khR+ypgl;lzj;jpy; 1611
,y; epWtpdu;.
$w;W2. 1858 f;F gpwF ,e;jpah Mq;fpy murpd; Neub fl;Lg;ghl;bd;
fPo; te;jJ.
$w;W 1 kl;Lk; rup.
$w;W1 kw;Wk;2 rup.
$w;W2 kl;Lk; rup.
$w;W1 kw;Wk;2 jtW.
21. ,e;jpahtpy; Nghu;j;Jf;fPrpa Mjpf;fj;Jf;F mbj;jsk; mikj;jtu;
ahu;?
th];Nfhlfhkh
ghu;j;jNyhkpah la];
my;Nghd;Nrh- b- my;Gfu;f;
my;nka;lh
[Link];Jf
,Ul;liw Jau rk;gtk; - 1757
gpshrpg; Nghu; - 1756
ghf;rhu; Nghu; - 1764
te;jthrpg; Nghu; - 1760
1234
2134
4321
3241
. 23. nghUe;jhj ,iziaj; Nju;f.
,uhaj;J thup Kiw - jhk]; kd;Nwh.
kfy;thup Kiw - N`hy;l; nkfd;rp.
,z;bNfh fyfk; - 1859-60.
jf;fhz fyfk; - 1876.
24. fPo;f;fz;litfspy; jPud; rpd;dkiyNahL njhlu;Gila gFjp vJ?
jpz;Lf;fy;
ehfyhGuk;
Xlhepiy
GJf;Nfhl;il
25. “ehse;jh mfoha;T jsj;ij” „And];Nfh‟ ve;j Mz;L cyf
ghuk;gupa rpd;dq;fspd; xd;whf mwptpj;jJ?
2009
2010
2014
2015.
26. fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; Nfhj;jhup Mizaj;jpd; Kf;fpa gupe;Jiufspd;
rupahd $w;iwj; jUf:.
1.,ilepiyf; fy;tpia njhopy; fy;tpahf;fy;
[Link];gs;sp fy;tp Kiwapy; nray;gLk; gs;spfspy; vl;lhk;
tFg;G tiu khztu;fs; jq;fs; jha; nkhopapy; fw;fyhk;.
3. 6 -14 taJs;s Foe;ijfSf;F ,ytr fl;lha fy;tp.
4. kj;jpa muR jdJ nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy;
Fiwe;jgl;rk; MW tpOf;;fhl;bidahtJ fy;tpj;Jiwapy;
KjyPL nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
$w;W1 kl;Lk; rup.
$w;W 1>3kw;Wk;4 rup.
$w;W 3 kl;Lk; rup.
midj;Jk; rup.
27.,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; %d;W Ie;jhz;L jpl;lq;fspd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhf
,Ue;jJ vd;d?
kf;fs; njhif tsu;r;rpia fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
vOj;jwptpd;ikia Fiwj;jy;.
tYthd njhopy;Jiw jsj;ij cUthf;Fjy;.
ngz;fSf;F mjpfhuk; mspj;jy;.
[Link];j Mz;L kjuh]; mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf nrd;id vd
kWg;ngauplg;gl;lJ?
[_iy 17 1996.
[_iy 17 1969.
[_d; 17 1986.
[_iy 16. 1976.
29.1744 Mk; Mz;L tiu fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdpapd; Kjd;ik FbapUg;ghf
,Ue;jJ vJ?
tpy;ypak; Nfhl;il
Gdpj Nltpl; Nfhl;il
Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;il
,tw;wpy; vJTkpy;iy
30. ve;j Mz;L kjuh]; Njtjhrp rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ?
mf;Nlhgu; 9 1947.
mf;Nlhgu; 8 1951.
mf;Nlhgu; 4 1948.
mf;Nlhgu; 7 1964.
31. 1874 njd;dpe;jpahtpy; Kjy; ngz; gs;spia jpwe;jtu; ahu;?
[Link]
[Link].
fe;J}up tPNurypq;fk;.
NfhghyfpU\;z NfhfNy.
32. „,f;dpa];‟ vd;why; jP vd;W nghUs;gLk; ,r;nrhy; ve;j nkhopapy;
,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ?
fpNuf;fk;
,yj;jPd;
Mq;fpyk;
cUJ.
33.. fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpy; vit rk msT kio cs;s ,lq;fis
,izf;Fk; NfhL MFk;.
rk ntg;gf; NfhL
rkR+upa ntspr;rf;NfhL
rk fhw;wOj;jf; NfhL
rk kio msT NfhL.
[Link] vd;gJ
kiog;nghopT.
cl; frpjy;.
MtpaPu;g;G.
ePu; CLUty;.
[Link];tNjr mstpy; 2000,y; 173 kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;j
Gyk;ngau;e;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2017 ,y; vt;tsT mjpfupj;J
cs;sJ?
220
258
270
210.
36.. Nrit JiwahdJ ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; Rkhu;
vt;tsT rjtPjk; gq;fspg;ig mspf;fpwJ?
53 rjtPjk;
54 rjtPjk;
55 rjtPjk;
56 rjtPjk;.
37.. $w;Wfis Muha;f rupahdijj; Nju;f.
[Link] ghiytdj;jpy; ,Ue;J kj;jpaj; jiuf;;fly; Nehf;fp tPRk;
ntg;gj;jyf;fhw;W rpuhf;Nfh vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
[Link];g kz;lyk; kiof; fhLfs; Gtpapd; mzpfyd; vd;Wk; cyfpd;
ngUk; kUe;jfk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
3.‟iey; ejp‟ “Mg;gpupf;fh MWfspd; je;ij” vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
$w;W1 kl;Lk; rup.
$w;W2 kl;Lk; rup.
$w;W 3 kl;Lk; rup.
midj;Jk; rup.
38.M];jpNuypah fz;lj;ij 1770 ,y; ahu; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;?
th];Nfhlfhkh.
N[k;]; Ff;.
tpy;ypak; ghu];l;.
tpy;ypak;khu;ry;.
39.M];jpNuypahtpy; cs;s kpj ntg;g kz;ly Gy;ntspfs;________vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd?.
nkf;Ku;Nlh.
lTd;];.
mwptpay; fz;lk;
fq;Nfhj;up.
40.,e;jpahtpy; rl;lkd;w Nkyit eilKiwapy; ,y;yhj khepyj;ijj;
Nju;f.
cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
fu;ehlfk;
njYq;fhdh
nrd;id.
[Link] rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; fPo;fz;ltu;fSs; ahiuj;
Nju;e;njLg;gjpy; gq;F ngWfpd;wdu;? rupahd $w;iwj; Nju;en
; jL
[Link] jiytu;
[Link] FbauRj; jiytu;.
3.,uh[ rig cWg;gpdu;fs;
[Link];l kd;w Nkyit cWg;gpdu;fs;.
1>2 rup.
1 kw;Wk; 3 rup.
3 kw;Wk; 4 rup.
midj;Jk; rup.
42.,e;jpa murpayikg;G ve;j rl;l jpUj;jj;jpd; gb ,e;jpa
Fbkf;fSf;fhd mbg;gil flikfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd?
42tJ rl;lj; jpUj;jk;
43tJ rl;lj; jpUj;jk;
44tJ rl;lj;jpUj;jk;
44 tJ rl;lj; jpUj;jk;.
43.,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; gFjpapd; ve;j tpjpfs; ,e;jpa FbAupik
gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ?
gFjp11. gpupT 5-6.
gFjp1 gpupT 5 -11.
gFjp1 gpupT 5 -6.
gFjp11 gpupT 5-11. .
44.,dntwpf; nfhs;if gw;wp gpd;tUk; ve;j $w;W rupahdit my;y
$w;W1: epwntwp nfhs;if vd;gJ ,d ghFghl;bd; xU Nkhrkhd
tbtk;
$w;W 2:;. epwntwpf; nfhs;if kdpjhgpkhdj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ
$w;W 3.: ,dg; ghFghl;Lf; nfhs;if ,e;jpahtpy; eilKiwapy;
cs;sJ.
1 kw;Wk;2.
2 kw;Wk; 3.
2 kl;Lk;.
3 kl;Lk;.
45. FIR vd;gJ.
Kjy; jfty; KbT.
Kjy; jfty; mwpf;if
Kjy; epfo;T mwpf;if
Kjy; jz;lid mwpf;if.
[Link]; Nju;f.
[Link];sf; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; rl;l eilKiwfs; muG nkhopapy;
vOjg;gl;ld.
2.1773 Mk; Mz;L xOq;FKiw rl;lk; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; miktjw;F
top tFj;jJ.
[Link]; jpthdp mjhyj; xU Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wk; MFk;.
4.,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;ngupa ePjpkd;wk; myfhghj; ePjpkd;wk; MFk;.
1 kl;Lk;
3 kl;Lk;
1 kw;Wk; 2
1>2 kw;Wk; 4 rup.
47.,e;jpa &gha; FwpaPL ₹. jkpo;ehl;by; ve;j tUlk; ,e;jpa murhy;
mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lJ?
[_iy 15> 2010.
[_iy 16> 2011
[_iy 17> 2017
[_iy 17> 2011
[Link]; Row;rpapd; $Wfs; my;yhjtw;iwj; Nju;f:
kiog;nghopT
MtpaPu;g;G
cl;frpjy;
fhw;wpd; Ntfk;
[Link]; $w;iwj; Nju;T nra;f:
[Link];rhu;gpd;ik vd;w nrhy; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; ,Ue;J
ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.
[Link] rkak; rPdhtpy; Njhd;wpaJ.
3.,e;jpa murhq;fk; midj;J rka tpohf;fSf;Fk; tpLKiwia
mwptpf;fpwJ.
[Link] mbg;gilapy; vtUf;Fk; ghFghL fhl;lf;$lhJ vd;gNj rka
rhu;gpd;ik MFk;.
1 kl;Lk; rup.
2 kw;Wk; 3 rup.
3 kw;Wk; 4 rup.
midj;Jk; rup.
[Link]; ,uhgu;l; G&l; /Gl; vd;w ,q;fpyhe;jpd; epytpayhsu; nrd;idf;F
mUfpy; cs;s gy;yhtuj;jpy; ve;j fhy fUtpfis Kjd;Kiwahf
fz;Lgpbj;jhu;?
goq;fw;fhyk;
Ez; fw;fhyk;
,il fw;fhyk;
Gjpa fw;fhyk;.
51.,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; nghJj; Nju;jy; eilngw;w Mz;L
1921
1951
1957
1947.
52..,e;jpahtpy; [dtup 25Mk; ehspid ve;j jpdkhf nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;?
cyf Rfhjhu jpdk;
Njrpa thf;fhsu; jpdk;
cyf ePu; jpdk;.
cyf kz; jpdk;
[Link];jpy; czT jhdpa cw;gj;jpj;jpwid Nehf;fpdhy; 1965 – 66
Mk; Mz;bw;Fk; 2014- 2015 Mk; Mz;bw;Fk; ,ilNa Vwj;jho
vj;jid klq;F cau;e;jpUf;fpwJ?.
4.5 klq;F
3.5 klq;F
2.5 klq;F
6.5 klq;F.
54. cyf tu;j;jf mikg;gpd; jiyikafk; vq;F cs;sJ?
gpuhd;];> ,q;fpyhe;J
Nlhf;fpNah> cUFNt
n[dpth >Rtpl;ru;yhe;J.
,q;fpyhe;J >mnkupf;fh.
55. 1709 >y; juq;fk;ghbapy; xU KOikahd mr;rfj;ij epWtpatu?;.
fhy;Lnty;
rPfd; ghy;Nfh
kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;
v/g; lgps;A+ vy;yp];
56. nghUj;Jf
f[{uhNfh - ge;Njy;fz;l;
;R+upadhu; Nfhtpy; - nfhdhuf;
jpy;thuh Nfhtpy; - kj;jpa gpuNjrk;
fhe;ju;ah Nfhtpy; - mG Fd;W.
1243
3421
4312
3412
57. mzpNruh ,af;fj;jpd; epWtd jiytu;fs; my;yhjtu;fis Nju;f:
,e;jpahtpd; [t`u;yhy; NeU
vfpg;jpd; ehru;
,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; Rfu;Ndh.
Mg;gpupf;fhtpd; ney;rd; kz;Nlyh.
58. ,e;jpa Nju;jy; Mizak; mikf;f toptif nra;Ak; murpayikg;G
gpupT
gpupT 280
gpupT 315
gpupT 324
gpupT 325.
59.‟cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd; je;ij‟ vd miof;fg;gLgtu;?
upg;gd; gpuG
fhud;thyp]; gpuG
ly;n`srp gpuG.
nty;ny];yp gpuG.
60. rupahdf; $w;iwj; Nju;T nra;aTk;:
[Link] jiytu; &];nty;l; mnkupf;f jdJ jdpj;jpUf;Fk;
nfhs;ifia khw;wp mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij czu;e;jhu;.
2.&];nty;l; 1940y; fld; Fj;jifj; jpl;lj;ij njhlq;fpdhu;.
3.,uhZt ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l iud;yhe;J gFjpia `pl;yu;
jhf;fpdhu;.
4.,j;jhyp> n[u;kdp> [g;ghd> MfpNahUf;F ,ilNaahd xg;ge;jk;
Nuhk; ngu;ypd; Nlhf;fpNah xg;ge;jk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
1kl;Lk;rhp
2kl;Lk;rhp
3 kl;Lk; rhp
1>3>4 kl;Lk; rhp
.
.