2/22/26, 9:23 AM S-300 missile system - Wikipedia

S-300 missile system

The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air
S-300 family
missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for
NATO reporting name:
the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles.
SA-10 Grumble, SA-12 Giant/Gladiator, SA-20
It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria Gargoyle, SA-N-6 Grumble, SA-N-20 Gargoyle
and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia.

The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also
possible.[6] Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post.
The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false
targets. The central command post has both active and passive target detection modes.[7][8]
Missiles have a maximum range of 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the command post.

The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), which
entered service on 28 April 2007.
TEL component of an S-300 air defense system at the
2009 Moscow Victory Day Parade rehearsal, Red
Square, 28 April 2009
Variations and upgrades
Type Long-range surface-to-air and anti-
There are currently three main variations of the S-300, named S-300V, S-300P, S-300F. ballistic missile system
The production of the S-300 started in 1975,[4] with the tests for the S-300P variant being Place of origin Soviet Union
completed in 1978. The tests for the S-300V variant were conducted in 1983, and its anti- Service history
ballistic capabilities were tested in 1987.[9] Numerous versions have since emerged with In service 1978–present
different missiles, improved radars, better resistance to countermeasures, longer range, and
Used by See list of operators
better capability at targeting aircraft flying at very low altitude as well as incoming
Wars Syrian Civil War
munitions, such as anti-radiation missiles or glide bombs.
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Russo-Ukrainian war
S-300 system family tree Production history
S-300 Designer Almaz-Antey:
Family
NPO Almaz (lead designer)
NIIP (radars)
S-300V S-300P S-300F MKB Fakel (missile designer
for S-300P series)
NPO Novator (missile
S- S- designer for S-300V series)
S-300V1 S-300V2 Fort Rif MNIIRE Altair (Naval version
300PT 300PS
designer)

Designed 1967–2005[1]
S-
S- S- S- Rif- MZiK[2]
300PT- Fort-M Manufacturer
300VM 300PM 300PMU M
1 Unit cost Export cost: US$120–150 million
Favorit- (FY 2010) for a battery[3]
S Produced 1975[4]–2011 (for PS and PM)[5]
S- Variants see variants
S- S- S-
S-300VM2 300PT-
300VM1 300PM1 300PMU1
1A

Antey S- S- Domestic
2500 300PM2 300PMU2 Version
S- Export
Favorit
300V4 Version
S- S-
300VMD 400

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S-300P (SA-10)
The total production for the S-300P systems was 3,000 launchers and 28,000 missiles through 2012.[10]

S-300P/S-300PT
The S-300P/S-300PT (Russian: С-300П/С-300ПТ, NATO reporting name SA-10A Grumble A[11]) is the original version of the S-300.[1] The P
suffix stands for PVO-Strany (Russian: противовоздушная оборона–страны, or country air defence). In 1987, over 80 of these systems were
active, mainly around Moscow. An S-300PT unit consists of a 36D6 (NATO reporting name Tin Shield) surveillance radar, a 30N6 (FLAP LID)
fire control system, and 5P85-1 launch vehicles. The 5P85-1 vehicles are semi-trailer trucks. A 76N6 (CLAM SHELL) low-altitude detection radar
is usually also a part of the unit.[12]

The S-300PT had a passive electronically scanned array radar and had the ability to engage multiple targets with a single fire-control system.
Since the original system was semi-mobile, it took just over one hour to set up for firing. It ran the risk of the missile hot launch system scorching
the transporter erector launcher (TEL).[13]

It was originally intended to use a track-via-missile (TVM) guidance system. However, the TVM system had problems tracking targets below 500
metres (1,600 ft), allowing incoming SEAD aircraft to effectively utilize terrain masking to avoid tracking. To improve tracking of low-altitude
targets, a command-guidance system was added to guide the missile for the initial part of the flight.[13] This allowed the minimum engagement
altitude to be set to 25 metres (82 ft).

Improvements to the S-300P resulted in several sub-versions for both domestic and international markets. The S-300PT-1 and S-300PT-1A are
incremental upgrades of the original S-300PT system, using a new 5V55KD missile and a cold launch method. The time it took to set the system
up was reduced to 30 minutes and trajectory optimizations allowed the 5V55KD to reach ranges up to 75 kilometres (47 mi).[13]

S-300PS/S-300PM
The S-300PS/S-300PM (Russian С-300ПC/С-300ПМ, NATO reporting name SA-10B Grumble B[11])
was introduced in 1985 (according to Russia)[14] and is the only version thought to have been fitted with a
nuclear warhead. This model saw the introduction of the modern TEL and mobile radar and command-
post vehicles that were all based on the MAZ-7910 8×8 truck.[1] This model also featured new 5V55R
missiles, which increased the maximum engagement range to 75 km (47 mi) and introduced a terminal
semi-active radar homing (SARH) guidance mode.[15][16] The surveillance radar of these systems was
designated 30N6. Also introduced with this version was the distinction between self-propelled and towed
TELs. The towed TEL is designated 5P85T. Mobile TELs were the 5P85S and 5P85D. The 5P85D was a Two S-300PM missile TEL and a 'Flap
"slave" TEL, being controlled by a 5P85S "master" TEL. The "master" TEL is identifiable thanks to the Lid' radar
large equipment container behind the cabin; in the "slave" TEL this area is not enclosed and is used for
cable or spare tyre storage.

S-300PMU
Development of a modernized variant for export, called the S-300PMU (Russian: С-300ПМУ, NATO reporting name SA-10C Grumble C[11]),
was completed in 1985.[17] The PMU variant was fielded with the 5V55K (range 45–47 kilometres (28–29 mi)) and 5V55R (range 75–90
kilometres (47–56 mi)) missiles.[18][19] Radars used for the S-300PMU complex included the 30N6 (NATO: "Flap Lid") target engagement radar,
the 76N6 (NATO: "Clam Shell") low altitude detection radar, and the ST-68U (NATO: "Tin Shield") 3D search radar.[20] In addition, the 64N6
(NATO: "Big Bird") radar was used as a search radar at the regimental command post (an S-300PMU regiment typically consisted of three missile
batteries).[19] The S-300PMU could engage targets with a radar cross section of at least 0.2 square metres (2.2 sq ft) and a maximum velocity of
1,300 metres per second (4,300 ft/s) at altitudes between 25 metres (82 ft) and 27,000 metres (89,000 ft).[21] It could also engage surface targets
at ranges up to 30 kilometres (19 mi).[21]

S-300PMU-1/2 (SA-20A/B)
The S-300PMU-1 (Russian: С-300ПМУ-1, NATO reporting name SA-20A Gargoyle[11]) was also
introduced in 1993, with the new and larger 48N6 missiles for the first time in a land-based system, and
keeping all the same performance improvements from the S-300PM version, including the increased
speed, range, SAGG guidance, and ABM capability.[22] The warhead is slightly smaller than the naval
version at 143 kg (315 lb). This version also saw the introduction of the new and more capable 30N6E
TOMB STONE radar.

The S-300PMU-1 was introduced in 1993, using different missile types in a single system for the first
time. In addition to the 5V55R and 48N6E missiles, the S-300PMU-1 can utilise two new missiles, the
9M96E1 and 9M96E2. Both are significantly smaller than the previous missiles, at 330 and 420 kg (730
and 930 lb), respectively, and carry a smaller 24 kg (53 lb) warhead. The 9M96E1 has an engagement
S-300PMU-2 64N6E2 acquisition radar
range of 1–40 km (0.62–25 mi), and the 9M96E2 of 1–120 km (0.62–75 mi). They are still carried 4 per (part of 83M6E2 command post)
TEL. Rather than just relying on aerodynamic fins for manoeuvring, they use a gas-dynamic system which
allows them to have an excellent probability of kill (Pk) despite the much smaller warhead. The Pk is
estimated at 0.7 against a tactical ballistic missile, for either missile. The S-300PMU-1 typically uses the 83M6E command-and-control system,

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although it is also compatible with the older Baikal-1E and Senezh-M1E CCS command-and-control systems. The 83M6E system incorporates the
64N6E (BIG BIRD) surveillance/detection radar. The fire control/illumination and guidance radar used is the 30N6E(1), optionally matched with
a 76N6 low-altitude detection radar and a 96L6E all-altitude detection radar. The 83M6E command-and-control system can control up to 12
TELs, both the self-propelled 5P85SE vehicle and the 5P85TE towed launchers. Generally, support vehicles are also included, such as the 40V6M
tow vehicle, intended for lifting of the antenna post.[23]

China developed its own version of the S-300PMU-1, called HQ-15. Previously, the missile was referred to in a Western think tank as the HQ-10,
causing confusion with the unrelated HQ-10 short-range point-defense missile system.[24]

The S-300PMU-2 Favorit (Russian: С-300ПМУ-2 Фаворит, NATO reporting name SA-20B
Gargoyle[11]), introduced in 1997 (presented ready 1996), is an upgrade to the S-300PMU-1 with a range
of 195 km (121 mi) with the introduction of the 48N6E2 missile. This system is apparently capable against
not just short-range ballistic missiles, but also medium-range ballistic missiles. It uses the 83M6E2
command and control system, consisting of the 54K6E2 command post vehicle and the 64N6E2
surveillance/detection radar. It employs the 30N6E2 fire control/illumination and guidance radar. Like
the S-300PMU-1, 12 TELs can be controlled, with any mix of 5P85SE2 self-propelled and 5P85TE2 trailer
launchers. Optionally it can make use of the 96L6E all-altitude detection radar and 76N6 low-altitude
detection radar.[25][24]
S-300PMU-2 vehicles. From left to right:
64N6E2 detection radar, 54K6E2
S-300F command post and 5P85 TEL.

Sea-based S-300F (SA-N-6)

The S-300F Fort (Russian: С-300Ф, DoD designation SA-N-6, F suffix for Russian: Флотская or Naval)
was introduced in 1984 as the original ship-based (naval) version of the S-300P system developed by
Altair, with the new 5V55RM missile with range extended to 7–90 km (4.3–56 mi; 3.8–49 nmi) and
maximum target speed up to Mach 4, while the engagement altitude was reduced to 25–25,000 m (82–
82,021 ft). The naval version utilises the TOP SAIL or TOP STEER, TOP PAIR, and 3R41 Volna (TOP
DOME) radar, and utilises command guidance with a terminal SARH mode. Its first installation and sea
trials were on a Kara-class cruiser and it is also installed on Slava-class cruisers and Kirov-class
battlecruisers. It is stored in eight (Slava) or twelve (Kirov) 8-missile rotary launchers below decks. The
export version of this system is known as Rif (Russian: Риф or reef). The NATO name, found also in
colloquial use, is Grumble. Close up view of SA-N-6 launchers on
Marshal Ustinov

Sea-based S-300FM (SA-N-20)

The S-300FM Fort-M (Russian: С-300ФМ, DoD designation SA-N-20) is another naval version of the system, installed only on the Kirov-class
cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, and introducing the new 48N6 missile. It was introduced in 1990 and has a missile speed of approximately Mach 6 for a
maximum target engagement speed of up to Mach 8.5, a warhead size of 150 kg (330 lb), an engagement range of 5–150 km (3.1–93 mi), and an
altitude envelope of 10–27 km (6.2–16.8 mi). The new missiles also introduced a track-via-missile guidance method and the ability to intercept
short-range ballistic missiles. This system makes use of the TOMB STONE MOD rather than TOP DOME radar. The export version is called the
Rif-M. Two Rif-M systems were purchased by China in 2002 and installed on the Type 051C air-defence guided-missile destroyers.

S-300V (SA-12)
The S-300V, starting with the 9M83 missile, entered service in 1983, and it was fully integrated in
1988.[8][26][27]

The 9K81 S-300V Antey-300 (Russian: 9К81 С-300В Антей-300 – named after Antaeus, NATO
reporting name SA-12 Gladiator/Giant) varies from the other designs in the series.[8] It was built by
Antey rather than Almaz,[28] and its 9M82 and 9M83 missiles were designed by NPO Novator. The V
suffix stands for Voyska (ground forces). It was designed to be the top-tier army air defence system,
replacing the 2K11 Krug, providing a defence against ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and aircraft. The
9M83 (SA-12A Gladiator) missiles have a maximum engagement range of around 75 km (47 mi), while S-300V (SA-12A Gladiator)
the 9M82 (SA-12B Giant) missiles can engage targets out to 100 km (62 mi) and up to altitudes of around
32 km (20 mi). In both cases the warhead is around 150 kg (330 lb).

While it was created from the same project, hence sharing the common S-300 designation with the S-
300P air defense family, the S-300V had different priorities that resulted in a different design. The S-
300V system is carried on tracked MT-T transporters, which gives it better cross-country mobility than
the S-300Ps moving on 8×8 wheeled transporters. Its search, tracking, and command systems are more
distributed than the S-300P's. For example, while both have mechanically scanning radar for target
acquisition (9S15 BILL BOARD A), the battery level 9S32 GRILL PAN has an autonomous search ability
and SARH delegated to illumination radar on transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) vehicles.
9S32 engagement radar

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The early 30N6 FLAP LID on the S-300P handles tracking and illumination, but is not equipped with an autonomous search capability (later
upgraded). 9S15 can simultaneously carry out active (3 coordinates) and passive (2 positions) searches for targets.[8]

The S-300V places a greater emphasis on the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) mission, with a dedicated 9M82
(SA-12B Giant) anti-ballistic missile. This missile is larger and only two can be on each TELAR. It also has
a dedicated ABM radar: the 9S19 HIGH SCREEN phased-array radar at battalion level. A typical S-300V
battalion consists of a target-detection-and-designation unit, a guidance radar, and up to 6 TELARs. The
detection-and-designation unit consists of the 9S457-1 command post, a 9S15MV or 9S15MT BILL
BOARD all-round surveillance radar, and a 9S19M2 HIGH SCREEN sector surveillance radar.[29] The S-
300V uses the 9S32-1 GRILL PAN multi-channel guidance radar. Four types of missile-launcher vehicles
can be used with the system:[29]
S-300V high altitude surface-to-air
Transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) vehicles, which not only transport the missiles, but
missile systems. Center-left 9А83,
also fire and guide them (including radar illumination and targeting.[30]) There are two models: the
center-right 9А82 TELARs
9A83-1 TELAR holding four 9M83 Gladiator missiles and the 9A82 TELAR holding two 9M82 Giant
missiles.[29]
Launcher/loader vehicles (LLV), which transport the missiles and can reload the TELARs, and also
fire missiles under the control of a TELAR. There are two models: the 9A84 LLV holding two 9M83
Gladiator missiles and the 9A85 LLV holding two 9M82 Giant missiles.
The target detection ranges for each radar vary based on the radar cross-section of the target:[31]

9S15M – 330 kilometres (210 mi) with a 10-square-metre (110 sq ft) cross section and 240 kilometres
(150 mi) with a 3-square-metre (32 sq ft) cross section.
9S19M2 – 175 kilometres (109 mi) with an unknown cross-section; it contains two passive
electronically scanned arrays with a very high resistance to interference.
9S15M Obzor-3 acquisition radar
9S32M (TELAR 9A82/9A83) – range is limited to 200 kilometres (120 mi), can work independently, or
receive target designation from the S-300V, or a variety of other target designation data systems
(AWACS aircraft and various ground-based radar). Targets with a radar cross-section of 0.1-square-metre (1.1 sq ft) are detected at ranges
up to 140 kilometres (87 mi) and are locked on at 120 kilometres (75 mi). The 9S32 detection range against MGM-52 Lance missiles is 60
kilometres (37 mi), aircraft missiles 80 kilometres (50 mi), fighter or ballistic missile (MGM-31 Pershing) 140 kilometres (87 mi) (all of which
the U.S. removed from service in 1991).[32][33]
The ability to hit a target with a cross section of 0.05 square metres (0.54 sq ft) at a distance of 30 kilometres (19 mi) (aiming system in the
rocket (10/3 seconds before the missiles hit the target)). In addition, the guidance system inside the rocket supplements missile guidance
systems commands from the 9A82 / 9A83 and 9S32, and the missile guidance systems to passively work with the radar illumination and
radiation of the 9A82 / 9A83.
A S-300V system may be controlled by the upper level command post system 9S52 Polyana-D4 integrating it with the Buk missile system into a
brigade.

China has built its own version of the S-300V called HQ-18.[29]

S-300VM (SA-23)
The S-300VM (Antey 2500) is an upgrade of the S-300V. It consists of a new command-post vehicle, the 9S457ME, and a selection of new
radars. These consist of the 9S15M2, 9S15MT2E, and 9S15MV2E all-round surveillance radars, and the 9S19ME sector surveillance radar. The
upgraded guidance radar has the GRAU index of 9S32ME. The system can still employ up to six TELARs, the 9A84ME launchers (up to 4
9M83ME missiles), and up to 6 launcher/loader vehicles assigned to each launcher (2 9M83ME missiles each). An upgraded version, dubbed S-
300V4, will be delivered to the Russian army in 2011.

The Antey-2500 complex is the export version developed separately from the S-300 family and has been exported to Venezuela for an estimated
export price of US$1 billion. The system has one type of missile in two versions, basic and amended, with a sustainer stage that doubles the range
(up to 200 km (120 mi), according to other data, up to 250 km (160 mi)), and can simultaneously engage up to 24 aircraft or 16 ballistic targets in
various combinations.

It became the first system in the world capable of simultaneously engaging cruise missiles, aircraft, and ballistic targets. It also contains a private-
sector radar for countering targets when affected by interference.[34]

S-300V4
The S-300V4 is also called S-300VMD. It was developed to target high-value airborne targets, such as AWACS aircraft, at long distances.[35][36]
Different versions of the NPO Novator 9M82MD[37] S-300V4 missiles have a range of 400 kilometres (250 mi) at Mach 7.5 or a range of 350
kilometres (220 mi) at Mach 9, and can destroy maneuvering targets even at very high altitudes.[38][39] An export version exists, marketed as the
Antey-4000.[40]

S-400 (SA-21)
The S-400 Triumf (Russian: С-400 «Триумф», formerly known as the S-300PMU-3/С-300ПМУ-3, NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler) was
introduced in 1999 and featured a new, larger missile and several upgrades and new features. The project encountered delays since its original
announcement, and deployment only began on a small scale in 2006. With an engagement range of up to 400 km (250 mi), depending on the
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missile variant used, it was specifically designed to counter stealth aircraft. It is by far the most advanced version, incorporating the ability to
survive PGM threats and counter advanced jammers by using automatic frequency hopping.[41]

Specifications
S-300 variants will work together in various combinations, although interoperability between different variants is limited. Various higher-level
mobile commands can coordinate certain variants at various locations into a single battery, and also integrate that battery with other air defence
systems.[42] A management system, consisting of command control and radars allows for fully automatic initiation and effective management of
up to one hundred targets located up to 30–40 kilometres (19–25 mi) from the base station. Many tasks – detection, tracking, target setting,
target designation, target acquisition, missile guidance, and assessment of results – can be dealt with automatically. The operator controls the
target detection and the launch of rockets. In a complex environment, manual intervention is possible. Few of the previous systems possessed
such capabilities.

The S-300 is a multi-channel anti-aircraft missile system whose variants can engage ballistic missiles as well as aircraft and are able to allocate up
to 12 missiles to up to 6 different targets. The system can destroy ground targets at a range of 120 kilometres (75 mi),[9][43] and when launched on
a ballistic trajectory, can reach up to 400 kilometres (250 mi).[43] Its vertically-launched missiles allow for the engagement of flying targets in any
direction without traversing the launcher.[34][44]

Early versions are guided by the 30N6 FLAP LID or naval 3R41 Volna (TOP DOME) radar using command guidance with terminal semi-active
radar homing. Later versions use the 30N6 FLAP LID B or TOMB STONE radar to guide the missiles via command guidance/seeker-aided
ground guidance (SAGG), similar to the U.S.-made Patriot's TVM guidance scheme. The earlier 30N6 FLAP LID A can guide up to four missiles at
a time to up to four targets, and can track up to 24 targets at once. The 30N6E FLAP LID B can guide up to two missiles per target to up to six
targets simultaneously. Early models can successfully engage targets flying at up to Mach 2.5, or around Mach 8.5 for later models, with one
missile potentially being launched every three seconds. The mobile control centre is able to manage up to 12 TELs simultaneously.

The original warhead weighed 100 kg (220 lb), intermediate warheads weighed 133 kg (293 lb), and the latest warhead weighs 143 kg (315 lb).
Each warhead is equipped with a proximity fuse and a contact fuse. A warhead will expel from 19,000[43] to 36,000 metal fragments upon
detonation, depending on missile type. The missiles themselves weigh between 1,450 and 1,800 kg (3,200 and 3,970 lb). Missiles are catapulted
clear of the launching tubes before their rocket motors fire, and can accelerate at up to 100 g (1 km/s2). They launch straight upwards and then
tip over towards their target, removing the need to aim the missiles before launch. The missiles are steered with a combination of control fins and
thrust vectoring vanes. The sections below give exact specifications of the radar and missiles in the different S-300 versions. Since the S-300PM,
most vehicles are interchangeable across variations.

Radar
The 30N6 FLAP LID A is mounted on a small trailer. The 64N6 BIG BIRD is mounted on a large trailer along with a generator and is typically
towed with an 8-wheeled truck. The 76N6 CLAM SHELL (5N66M[45] etc.) is mounted on a large trailer with a mast that is between 24 and 39 m
(79 and 128 ft) tall. It is usually used with a mast. With the mast, it has a target detection range of 90 kilometres (56 mi) if altitude of the target is
500 metres (1,600 ft) above the ground.[45]

The original S-300P utilises a combination of the 5N66M continuous-wave radar Doppler radar for target acquisition and the 30N6 FLAP LID A
I/J-band phased-array digitally-steered tracking-and-engagement radar. Both are mounted on trailers. In addition, there is a trailer-mounted
command centre and up to twelve trailer-mounted erector/launchers with four missiles each. The S-300PS/PM is similar but uses an upgraded
30N6 tracking-and-engagement radar with an integrated command post and has truck-mounted TELs.

If the battery was employed in an anti-ballistic-missile or anti-cruise-missile role, the 64N6 BIG BIRD E/F-band radar would also be included. It
is capable of detecting ballistic missiles up to 1,000 km (620 mi) away, travelling at up to 10,000 km/h (6,200 mph), and cruise missiles up to
300 km (190 mi) away. It also employs electronic-beam steering and performs a scan once every twelve seconds.

The 36D6 TIN SHIELD radar can also be used to augment the S-300 system to provide earlier target detection than the FLAP LID radar allows. It
can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 metres (200 ft) at least 20 km (12 mi) away, at an altitude of 100 m (330 ft) at least
30 km (19 mi) away, and at high altitude up to 175 km (109 mi) away. In addition a 64N6 BIG BIRD E/F band target-acquisition radar can be
used, which has a maximum detection range of 300 km (190 mi).

The S-300 FC Radar Flap Lid can be mounted on a standard pylon.

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Surveillance radar
NATO Simultaneously NATO
Target detection First used
GRAU index reporting Specialisation detected frequency Notes
range with
name targets band

Industrial designation: ST-

180–360 km (110–
36D6 TIN SHIELD – 120 E/F S-300P 68UM
220 mi)
350 kW to 1.23 MW power

Low altitude
76N6 CLAM SHELL I S-300P
detection
Low altitude
76N6 CLAM SHELL 120 km (75 mi) 180 I S-300PMU 1.4 kW FM continuous wave
detection

64N6 BIG BIRD Regiment radar 300 km (190 mi) 300 C S-300PMU-1

CHEESE
96L6E All altitude detection 300 km 100 S-300PMU-1
BOARD
9S15 BILL BOARD – 250 km (160 mi) 250 F S-300V

9S19 HIGH SCREEN Sector tracking 16 S-300V

[a] TOP STEER Naval 300 km D/E S-300F
MR-75
MR-800
TOP PAIR Naval 200 km (120 mi) C/D/E/F S-300F
Voskhod[a]

Target tracking/missile guidance

NATO Simultaneously
Simultaneously
GRAU index reporting NATO frequency band Target detection range engaged First used with Notes
tracked targets
name targets

30N6 FLAP LID A I/J 4 4 S-300P

30N6E(1) FLAP LID B H-J 200 km (120 mi) 6 6 S-300PMU Phased array

30N6E2 FLAP LID B I/J 200 km 6 6 S-300PMU-2

9S32-1 GRILL PAN Multi-band 140–150 km (87–93 mi) 6 6 S-300V

3R41 Volna TOP DOME I/J 100 km (62 mi) S-300F

Missiles

48N6E2 and 9M96E missiles for the Russian S-300PMU-2 (SA-20B Gargoyle) air defence system

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Missile specifications
Year of First
Maximum Maximum
GRAU index initial Range Length Diameter Weight Warhead Guidance used
velocity target Speed
production with

5V55K[46] 1975[47] 47 km 2,000 m/s 1,160 m/s 7.25 m 514 mm 1,480 kg 130 kg Command[48] S-300P
(29 mi)[47] (7,200 km/h; (4,200 km/h; (23.8 ft)[47] (20.2 in)[47] (3,260 lb)[47] (290 lb)[47]
4,500 mph)[47] 2,600 mph)[47]

5V55R[49] 1981[47] 75 km 2,000 m/s 1,200 m/s 7.25 m 514 mm 1,665 kg 130 kg Track-via-missile[48] S-300P
(47 mi)[47] (7,200 km/h; (4,300 km/h; (23.8 ft)[47] (20.2 in)[47] (3,671 lb)[47] (290 lb)[47]
4,500 mph)[47] 2,700 mph)[47]

5V55KD[50] after 75–90 km 1,900 m/s 1,150 m/s 7 m (23 ft) 450mm 1,450 kg 133 kg Command S-300PT
1982[49] (47–56 mi) (4,250 mph) (2,572 mph) (3,200 lb) (293 lb)

5V55RUD[50] Track-via-missile

5V55U 1992 150 km 2,000 m/s 7 m (23 ft) 450mm 1,470 kg 133 kg SAGG S-300PT
(93 mi) (4,470 mph) (3,240 lb) (293 lb)

48N6 1990[47] 150 km 1,900 m/s 2,800 m/s 7.5 m 519 mm 1,799 kg 143 kg S-
(93 mi)[47] (6,800 km/h; (10,000 km/h; (25 ft)[47] (20.4 in)[47] (3,966 lb)[47] (315 lb)[47] 300PM[51]
4,300 mph)[47] 6,300 mph)[47]
48N6P-01 1992 195 km 2,000 m/s 2,800 m/s 7.5 m 519mm 1,800 kg 150 kg SAGG S-
(121 mi) (4,470 mph) (6,415 mph) (25 ft) (4,000 lb) (330 lb) 300PMU

9M82 13–100 km 2,600 m/s 9.9 m 1215mm 4,685 kg 150 kg Semi-active radar S-300V
(8.1– (5,800 mph)[52] (32 ft) (10,329 lb)[52] (330 lb)[53] homing/Command[53]
62.1 mi)
30 km
(98,000 ft)
alt
9M83 1985[52] 6–75 km 1,700 m/s 7.9 m 915mm 2,290 kg 150 kg Semi-active radar S-300V
(3.7– (3,800 mph)[54] (26 ft) (5,050 lb)[52] (330 lb)[54] homing/Command[54]
46.6 mi)
25 km
(82,000 ft)
alt

9M83ME 1990 200 km S-300VM

(120 mi)

9M96E1 1999 40 km 900 m/s[55] 4,800– 330 kg 24 kg Active radar homing S-

(25 mi) (2,010 mph) 5,000 m/s (730 lb) (53 lb) 300PMU
(10,737–
11,185 mph)
9M96E2 1999 120 km 1,000 m/s[55] 4,800– 240mm 420 kg 24 kg Active radar homing S-
(75 mi) (2,240 mph) 5,000 m/s (930 lb) (53 lb) 300PMU
(10,737–
11,185 mph)

40N6 2018[47] 400 km Active radar homing S-400

(250 mi)[56]

Means of camouflage and protection

Decoys – sometimes equipped with additional devices to simulate electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, optical, and radar - are used for
imitating components of S-300 system.[57]

Additional means of masking are used, such as MKT-2, MKT-3 and Volchitsa-KR camouflage nets.

34Ya6E Gazetchik-E system might be used for protection against anti-radiation missiles.[58] A combined MAWS/decoy/aerosole/chaff system is
claimed by the developer to have the 85% to 95% probability to defeat a single attacking HARM missile. SPN-30 and Pelena-1 radar jamming
systems are also used against airborne radars.[59]

When using a prepared position for prolonged time, revetments might be used for TELs and additional equipment.[60]

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Comparison with other systems

Official designation of S-
S-300PMU1[62] S-300PMU2 [42] S-300VM[42]/S-300V4[39] Patriot PAC-2 Patriot PAC-3
unit 300PMU[61]
15, at most
aerodynamic
5–90 5–150 3–200 200 (250)[63] 3–160 20[64] / 0.3–
target
Range 20[65]
of,
km 15–45 (20)[66]
ballistic
at most 35 at most 40 5–40 40 20 possible max
targets
50[65]
aerodynamic
target
0.025–27 0.01–27 0.01–27 0.025–30 /?–37 0.06–24 15[66]
Height
defeat, 15(?).[66] 15,
km ballistic
targets
(?) (?) 2–25 1–30 3–12[67] possible max
20.[64]
1,150, at
most 1,300 at most 2,800 (for
Maximum target speed, at most
(for the the escort at most 2,800 4,500 of ballistic targets[42] at most 2,200[67]
m/s 1,600[66]
escort 10000 km/h)[62][67]
3000)[67]
(?)
Maximum speed of the at most 2,600 and 1,700[66]/7.5M or
2000[62] 1,900 1,700[68] approximately
rocket complex, m/s 2,000[61] 9M (more 3000) and (?)
1,500[65]
Number of
simultaneously guided
anti-aircraft missiles by
at most 12 at most 12 at most 72[69] at most 48 at most 9
one unit

Number of
simultaneously
engaged targets by
at most 6 at most 6 at most 36[69] at most 24[70] at most 9 at most 9
one unit
Mass of a rocket, kg 1,400–1,600 (?) 330–1,900 (?) 900 312

Warhead weight, kg 150 (?) 180[71] (?) 91 74

[68]
3 (0 at start from different 1.5 (0 at start from different 3–4 (1 at start from
different
Minimum time between
CARRIERS CARRIERS
missile launches, 3–5 3–5 CARRIERS (?)
seconds MISSILES) MISSILES)
MISSILES)

Set up time and

clotting time of starting 5 5 5 5 15/30[67] 15/30(?)
complex, minutes

Means of
Wheeled Wheeled Wheeled tracked semi trailer semi trailer
transportation

Operational history
Russian officials have stated that the system has performed well in real-world exercises.[72] In 1991, 1992, and 1993, various versions of the S-300
destroyed ballistic missiles and other objects in exercises, with a high success rate (90% or more if 1 missile interceptor is used).[72][73][74][75]

In 1995, it was the first system to destroy a R-17 Elbrus Scud missile in the air.[75] China is to test the S-300PMU2's effectiveness in destroying
targets in real exercises. The planned targets include a UAV (4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi)), a simulated strategic bomber (186 kilometres (116 mi)),
tactical missiles (range of the system to the point of interception 34 kilometres (21 mi) and a height of 17.7 kilometres (11.0 mi)), and pinpoint
missiles. In April 2005, NATO held a combat exercise in France and Germany called Trial Hammer 05 to practice Suppression of Enemy Air
Defenses missions. The Slovak Air Force brought an S-300PMU along, providing an opportunity for NATO to become familiar with the
system.[76][77]

Israel's purchase of F-35 Lightning II fighters was allegedly intended in part to nullify the threat of S-300 missiles that were, at the time the
fighters were initially sought, part of a potential arms sale to Iran.[78] The fighter jets were eventually deployed by Israel in late October 2024 and
disabled Iran's last three S-300 batteries[79] in the first wave in a three-waved airstrike, thereby severely compromising Iran's air defenses.[80]

In 2010, Russia announced that its military had deployed the S-300 systems in breakaway Abkhazia in 2008, leading to condemnation from the
government of Georgia.[81]

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Syria
After a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 was shot down over Syria in November 2015, Russia deployed S-300 and S-400 systems to the region – some to the
Khmeimim Air Base, some with the Russian cruiser Moskva.[82]

On 17 September 2018, a Syrian S-200 system downed a Russian military plane, killing 15 Russian service members. Moscow accused Israel of
indirectly causing this incident, and announced that to keep its troops safe, it would supply Syria with modern S-300 anti-missile rocket
systems.[83][84] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu objected to the move in a telephone call with Russian president Vladimir Putin,
stating that the delivery of S-300 anti-missile rocket systems to "irresponsible players" would be dangerous for the region.[85]

In 2020, Syrian military officials criticized the S-300 air defense systems supplied by Russia, saying they failed to protect Syrian sites from Israeli
strikes.[86] One official criticized the detection abilities of the system's radar.[87]

On 17 May 2022, Israel said that a Russian-operated S-300 missile system fired a missile at a F-16 operated by the IAF. If confirmed, it would be
the first time Russian forces have fired on Israeli jets.[88] According to Channel 13 news, Russia fired 13 missiles at an Israeli F-16, but none of the
jets were intercepted by the missile salvos.[89][90] On 26 July, Israeli Defence Minister Benny Gantz confirmed the initial report of one missile
being fired by a Russian-operated S-300 system. However, he downplayed the incident as a "one-off", further stating that "our jets weren't even
in the area". As the missile had not locked on, it was no threat to Israeli jets. It still remains the first use of an S-300 against the Israeli Air
Force.[91]

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the S-300 system took active part in an armed conflict for the first time, different versions being
listed in the active inventory of both sides. The Armenian systems were initially deployed around Yerevan. On 29 September 2020, Azerbaijan
reported that Armenia was moving its S-300 systems closer to the conflict zone,[92] and vowed their destruction.[93] On 30 September 2020,
Azerbaijani Armed Forces claimed the destruction of an Armenian S-300 system without providing further details.[94][95] The first alleged
combat firing of the S-300 happened during the night between 1 and 2 October when the Armenian Ministry of Defense claimed that Armenian S-
300s had downed three Azerbaijani drones (not missiles as initially claimed) bound for Yerevan.[96][97]

On 17 October 2020, Azerbaijani Armed Forces claimed the destruction of two radar elements[98] that were part of an active Armenian S-300
SAM site being hit by a Bayraktar TB2 UCAV.[99][100]

Russo-Ukrainian war
At the time of the beginning of Russo-Ukrainian war on 24 February 2022, Ukraine had around 100 active S-300 batteries with as many as 300
launchers inherited upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. By 8 April, the Russians had knocked out at least 21 of the S-300 launchers that
outside analysts confirmed with photos or videos, with the actual total of destroyed launchers likely higher. Ukrainian President Volodymyr
Zelenskyy, in his message of 16 March to the U.S. Congress, had consequently asked specifically for help acquiring more of the long-range
missiles. "You know what kind of defense systems we need: S-300 and other similar systems", Zelenskyy said.[101]

The United States and its allies tried to figure out how to deliver S-300s to Ukraine. One plan was for Slovakia to transfer to Ukraine its single
battery of S-300s, in exchange for the United States or some other country supplying Slovakia with a new air-defense system, such as the
American-made Patriot. A few days after Zelenskyy asked for S-300s, Germany agreed to deploy some of its Patriots to Slovakia, as part of a
NATO battlegroup.[101]

On 30 March, Prime Minister Eduard Heger of Slovakia told CNN that he supported sending some of his country's own S-300s to Ukraine
"because this is the equipment that Ukraine needs the most". On 8 April, U.S. President Joe Biden confirmed that Slovakia had transferred a
Soviet-era S-300 system to Ukraine and said that the U.S. would reposition an American Patriot missile system to Slovakia in return.[102] It
appears that only one battery that was donated, which was a system that Slovakia inherited from the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993.[103]

On 11 April, the Associated Press reported Russia's claims to have destroyed several air defense systems in Ukraine over the previous two days,
indicating a renewed push to gain air superiority and take out weapons Kyiv described as crucial, ahead of a broad new Russian offensive in the
east. Moscow claimed to have hit four S-300 missile launchers provided by a European country it did not name, but never showed any concrete
evidence of that. Slovakia had given Ukraine such a system the previous week, but denied that it had been destroyed. Two attacks were previously
reported by Russia on similar systems in other places.[104]

In early April, Iran also reportedly returned a large number of S-300 systems, for use against Ukraine, which it had purchased from Russia in
2007, along with a quantity of its own Iranian-made version, the Bavar-373, which has similar capabilities.[105] Iran Foreign Minister Amir
Abdollahian refuted allegations of arms transfers to Russia in a call with Ukraine Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba.[106]

On 8 July, the governor of the Mykolaiv Oblast, Vitaly Kim, claimed that Russia had been using S-300 missiles in a land-attack role by fitting
them with GPS guidance and that some 12 missiles were fired using such guidance.[107] On 30 September, The Wall Street Journal reported the
claim of Kyrylo Tymoshenko, an adviser to President Zelenskyy, that 16 Russian S-300 missiles configured for ground-attack struck near
Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 civilians and wounding 50 others.[108] Debris from S-300 missiles was found after having struck buildings in
Kharkiv on 8 October.[109] Analysts from McKenzie Intelligence Services and the Center for Strategic and International Studies said that these
missiles were likely from Russian systems repurposed for ground attack due to the dwindling stock of more precise dedicated anti-surface
missiles.[109]

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Stationary surface targets do not necessarily require retrofitting, as the original design accommodates them – particularly those that emit
radiation, such as radars, which S-300 missiles can target precisely with onboard radiation tracking.[43] However, some of the reported surface-
to-surface missile strikes by S-300 missiles may actually be instances of Ukrainian S-300s failing to intercept targets, and subsequently falling
onto civilian areas on the ground. The most notable case of such unintentional strikes occurred on 15 November 2022, when a stray S-300 missile
on a ballistic trajectory fell near the village of Przewodow in Poland, killing 2.[110][111]

On 14 April 2023, Sloviansk was hit by seven S-300 missiles, which killed at least 11 people.[112] Russian S-300 strikes in Pokrovsk Raion on 6
January 2024 killed 11 and injured 8 according to local officials.[113]

On 10 June 2024, Ukrainian forces launched an attack near Chornomorskiy in Crimea destroying S-300 missile launchers.[114]

On 21 August 2024, the Ukrainian military claimed to have struck a Russian S-300 air defense system in Rostov Oblast possibly with a Neptune
missile.[115][116]

Operators and other versions

The S-300 is mainly used in Eastern Europe and Asia, although sources are inconsistent
about which countries possess the system.[117]

Algeria – 8 regiments of S-300PMU2[118][119]

Armenia – 50 systems, unknown variant[120]
Azerbaijan bought two S-300PMU2 (SA-20B) SAM battalions for US$300 million in
2010, delivered in 2011[121]
Belarus – S-300PS systems delivered from Russia in 2007 to replace older S-300
model in the Belarusian inventory.[122] Four divisions of S-300 missiles to be delivered in
2014. Operators
2024.[123] Current
Bulgaria – 8 S-300 launchers in service as of Divided into 2 units with 6
[124] Former
launchers each .
People's Republic of China – China first acquired the S-300PMU-1 in 1993, and later
became the first customer of the S-300PMU-2, in 2004.[125][126] China also built the HQ-
15 with the maximum range upgraded from 150 to 200 km (93 to 124 mi). The total number of the S-
300PMU/1/2 and HQ-15/18 batteries in the PLA are approximately 40 and 60, respectively, as of
2008. The total number of the missiles is well above 1,600, with about 300 launcher platforms.[127]
Five such SAM battalions are deployed and in active duty around the Beijing region, six battalions are
in the Taiwan strait region, and the rest are in major cities such as Shanghai, Chengdu, and Dalian.
Two Rif (SA-N-6) systems were purchased in 2002 for the Chinese Navy's Type 051C destroyers. By
2011, China had obtained 15 battalions (4 systems) of the S-300PMU-2.
Egypt – The S-300VM "Antey-2500" missile system was ordered in 2014, as part of a billion-dollar
Egyptian-Russian arms deal signed later that year.[128][129] The $1 billion contract comprises 4
batteries, a command post and other external elements.[130][131] In 2015, Russia started delivering the
An S-300 of the Armenian Air Force
system components, and Egyptian soldiers began their training in Russian training centers. By the
during a parade in 2016
end of 2017, all batteries had been delivered to Egypt.[132] Russia is in talks with Egypt on the
delivery of additional Antey-2500 systems.[133]
Iran – Originally purchased in 2007. Russia maintained a self-imposed ban on the sale of the S-
300 until the easing of some US sanctions as part of the Iran nuclear deal framework in April 2015
and subsequent Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Iran received four S-300PMU2 batteries from
Russia in 2016, each consisting of a 96L6E target-acquisition radar, a 30N6E2 target-engagement
radar, and four 5P85TE2 towed transporter-erector-launchers (TELs).[134] The systems are supported
by two 64N6E2 battle-management radars and linked using FL-95 antenna masts. The S-300s are
operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force. During air strikes on military targets in
Iran in April and on Oct. 26 2024, Israeli aircraft disabled all of Iran's Russian S-300 anti-aircraft
missile systems[135] after Iranian radar systems were “breached” causing their screens to freeze.[136]
Kazakhstan[10][137] – 10 battalions after the refurbishment (PS – version)[138] (2009 or later), 5
free of charge (2014),[139] and 5 free of charge (2015).[140] An S-300 of the Bulgarian Air Force
North Korea – North Korea has conducted tests with a system called Pongae-5 (KN-06).[141]
Russia – All variations. (1900 (S-300PT/PS/PMU, 200 S-300V/S-300V1 in 2010)),[142] 2000 total
launchers.[143] All production in 1994 (actually 1990) or older, all the S-300PM complexes have been
repairing and upgrading (Favorit-S).[144] The S-300P/PT has been retired before 2008, some S-
300PS are in service, but were to be retired in 2012–2013. Modernization of all S-300P units to the S-
300PM1 version was to end in 2014. The useful life of each was increased by 5 years. PM 1 was
upgraded to version PM 2. By 2015, the S-300V4 was to have been delivered. Modernization of all S-
300Vs to S-300V4s was to end in 2012.[145][146]
Ukraine – S-300PT, S-300PS, S-300PMU, S-300V1.[147] Only six systems were kept in working
order between 2004 and 2014; as a result, only 40% of Ukrainian S-300 systems were in good
condition prior to 2014.[148] Due to the war with Russia, Ukraine started repairing and bringing back to Russian S-300PMU2 during the Victory
service several armaments, including several S-300 batteries,[149] with at least 4 batteries overhauled Day Parade 2009
in 2014–15. 34 launchers remained in Crimea after the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea.[150] Prior

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to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the country had around 100 batteries.[151][152] It received an
additional battery from Slovakia in April 2022.[153]
Venezuela – Ordered 2 battalions of S-300VM "Antey-2500", which were delivered in May
2012.[154][155]
Vietnam – Bought two S-300PMU-1 systems (12 launchers) for nearly $300 million[156] and RLS
96L6 after 2009.[157] The systems were likely upgraded to the S-300PMU2 standard.[158]

Former operators
Czechoslovakia – One battalion created in 1990. Passed to Slovakia in 1993.[159] Ukrainian S-300P launcher during a
East Germany – One S-300PMU system delivered in 1989.[160] Inspected by West German Air parade in 2014
Force personnel in late August 1990.[161] Returned to the Soviet Union in September 1990 as
"sensitive technology" after negotiations between East Germany and the USSR.[162]
Greece – An S-300 PMU1 system acquired after the Cyprus Missile Crisis and operated by HAF on Crete, consisting of 1 regiment/4
systems/8 fire units/32 launchers / 175 missiles.[163] Greece first fired an S-300 during the White Eagle 2013 military exercise, which was the
first time it was used since it had been bought 15 years earlier.[164][165] According to Greek Defence Minister Nikos Panagiotopoulos Greece
was prepared to transfer its S-300 system to Ukraine in exchange for a PAC-3 Patriot missile system. Additionally stating that: "The same
procedure applies to any other Russian made air defense system that they may want to send to Ukraine."[166][167] However, ultimately, the
Greek PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis denied Greece's preparedness to send the S-300 to Ukraine for concerns that this move would create a gap in
Greece's air defence.[168][169] Despite initially being wanted by Ukraine, the Hellenic Air Force will be sending the S-300 to Armenia.[170][171]
Slovakia – One S-300PMU battery and 48 5V55R missiles inherited from Czechoslovakia. 3 missiles were fired during an exercise in
Bulgaria in 2015.[172] The battery was donated to Ukraine in April 2022 in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[173]
Ba'athist Syria – An order for 6 systems was signed in 2010.[174] Syrian crews underwent training in Russia, and some of the S-300
components were delivered to Syria in 2013. Later, due to the weapons embargo against Syria and at the request of Israel, the deliveries
were halted.[b] After the Russian Su-24 shootdown in November 2015, S-300 missile batteries were officially deployed to Latakia province for
the protection of the Russian naval base and warships at Tartus. These are operated by Russian crews. Russia was reconsidering deliveries
of the S-300 to Syria after the missile strikes against Syria in April 2018, but this did not happen. Following the Syrian military's downing of a
Russian Il-20 aircraft in Syria in September 2018, using a S-200 system (for which Russia held Israel responsible), Russian defense minister
Sergei Shoigu on 24 September said that within two weeks, the Syrian Army would receive S-300 systems. Though the S-300 variant was not
specified, the stated range of the system was to be 250 kilometres (160 mi).[178][179][180][181][182] On 2 October 2018, Shoigu told President
Putin during a broadcast meeting that the delivery of the S-300 system to Syria had been completed a day prior.[183][184] On 8 October 2018,
the Russian news agency TASS reported that three S-300PM battalions had been given to Syria free of charge, citing "On 1 October three
battalion sets of S-300PM systems of eight launchers each were delivered to Syria". According to the source, the deliveries also included
more than 100 surface-to-air missiles for each battalion.[185] It is operated by the Syrian Air Defense Force. In 2022, the systems were
removed from Syria.
Soviet Union – Passed onto successor states.

Evaluation-only operators
United States – S-300P, devoid of electronics, purchased from Belarus in 1994.[186] S-300V was purchased in Russia officially in the
1990s (complete set (except for 9S32 GRILL PAN multi-channel guidance radar)).[187]

Cancelled
Cyprus – S-300 PMU1 system transferred to Greece after the Cyprus Missile Crisis and operated by the HAF on Crete.

See also
Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems
List of medium-range and long-range SAMs
Bavar 373 – (Iran)
HQ-9 – (China)
HQ-22 – (China)
S-350E Vityaz 50R6 – (Russia)
S-400 missile system – (Soviet Union, Russia)
S-500 missile system – (Russia)
Patriot missile system – (United States)

Gallery
S-300V

The main components of the S-300V in the 2012 Technologies in Mechanical Engineering exhibition:

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9A83 TELAR. S-300V Launcher 9A82. 9S19M2 Imbir acquisition 9S15M Obzor-3 round sight
radar. acquisition radar.

9S457 self-propelled 9S32 multichannel missile S-300V with 9M83 missiles. S-300VM during a 2014
command post. engagement guidance radar. display in Caracas, Venezuela.

S-300P/PT/PS

Transport-launch container Ukrainian S-300 launcher in S-300P system operated by 5P85-1 launcher for the S-
with a 5V55 surface-to-air Kyiv, Ukraine. the Bulgarian military. 300PT.
missile for the S-300P.

The 5P85-1 launcher for S- S-300PS surface-to-air missile

300PT displayed at the Air launcher at a Ukrainian Air
Defense History Museum in Force Museum in Vinnitsa.
Zarya.

S-300PMU2

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KrAZ-260 tractor-trailer of an The 5P85TE2 of an S- S-300PMU2 during rehearsal Installing inflatable decoys of
S-300PMU2 SAM system. 300PMU2 SAM on parade in for the 2009 Victory Day the S-300S-300PMU2 during a
Baku in 2011. parade. Russian army exercise by the
Guards Engineer Brigade and
the Engineer Camouflage
Regiment.

Notes
a. Not a GRAU index. GRAU indices only apply to land-based versions.
b. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the acceleration of highly advanced Russian weapons supplies to Syria. Referring to S-300 anti-air
systems and the nuclear-capable 9K720 Iskander (NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) surface missiles. Since Syrian Air Defense Force
teams have already trained in the Russian Federation on the handling of the S-300 interceptor batteries, they can go into service as soon as
they are landed by one of Russia's daily airlifts to Syria. Russian air defence officials will supervise their deployment and prepare them for
operation.[175] According to President Vladimir Putin, components of the S-300 have been delivered to Syria but the delivery has not been
completed.[176] 2 SA-20B (4 batalions), contract 2010, fully prepared in 2012. Centre for Analysis of World Arms Trade
([Link]/[Link]) SA-20B actually received in 2013[177]

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External links
S-300 | CSIS Missile Threat ([Link]
S-300 and various other system ([Link]
(in English language) in the Russia (official developer site).
Australian Air Power: Part 1 ([Link] and Part 2 (htt
ps://[Link]/web/20060723191844/[Link]
[Link] ([Link] detailed overview of the S-300P &
S-300V family.
Almaz S-300 – China's "Offensive" Air Defence ([Link]
3/pub_detail.asp)
Soviet/Russian Missile Designations ([Link]
S-300PMU2 Favorit ([Link] Archived ([Link]
[Link]/missiles/[Link]) 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine [Link]
Almaz S-300P/PT/PS/PMU/PMU-1/PMU-2 ([Link]
76N6 Clam Shell Acquisition Radar ([Link]
"Antey 9K81 S-300V – SA-12A/B Gladiator/Giant" ([Link] [Link]: 1. 23 December
2006.
Matching of the Patriot (1/2/3) against the S-300 (v/ Antey 2500). In English. Used 8 parameters. Admonition. This test is not officially
authenticated but not refuted. ([Link]
Aviation Week S-300 Surface-To-Air Missile System ([Link]
015_dossier.pdf) Archived ([Link]
015/07/asd_08_06_2015_dossier.pdf) 8 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine

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