BIO2103 – Biochemistry
Carbohydrates Examination (30 Questions)
Instructions: Choose the BEST answer. Correct answers are highlighted in red.
1. Carbohydrates are chemically defined as:
A. Polyhydroxy alcohols
B. Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
C. Aminated fatty acids
D. Nitrogen-containing polymers
2. The simplest aldose is:
A. Glucose
B. Ribose
C. Glyceraldehyde
D. Dihydroxyacetone
3. The simplest ketose is:
A. Fructose
B. Ribulose
C. Glyceraldehyde
D. Dihydroxyacetone
4. Two sugars differing at only one carbon are called:
A. Enantiomers
B. Epimers
C. Anomers
D. Isomers
5. The α and β forms of glucose differ at the:
A. C6 carbon
B. C2 carbon
C. Anomeric carbon
D. Terminal carbon
6. A sugar capable of reducing copper sulfate must have:
A. A free anomeric carbon
B. A sulfate group
C. A peptide bond
D. No oxygen atoms
7. All monosaccharides are classified as:
A. Non-reducing sugars
B. Reducing sugars
C. Polysaccharides
D. Amino sugars
8. Amylose contains which glycosidic linkage?
A. β(1→4)
B. α(1→6)
C. α(1→4)
D. β(1→6)
9. Branch points in glycogen are formed by:
A. α(1→4) bonds
B. β(1→4) bonds
C. α(1→6) bonds
D. β(1→6) bonds
10. Cellulose contains which linkage?
A. α(1→4)
B. β(1→4)
C. α(1→6)
D. β(1→6)
11. Humans cannot digest cellulose primarily because it contains:
A. α linkages
B. β(1→4) linkages
C. Sulfate groups
D. Phosphate esters
12. Chitin differs from cellulose because it contains:
A. Sulfur groups
B. Acetylated amino group at C2
C. Phosphate groups
D. Ribose units
13. The primary energy storage polysaccharide in animals is:
A. Amylose
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen
D. Agarose
14. Starch is composed of:
A. Amylose and amylopectin
B. Glycogen and cellulose
C. Agarose and agaropectin
D. Chitin and keratin
15. Glycogen mobilizes glucose rapidly due to its:
A. Linear structure
B. β linkages
C. Extensive branching
D. Sulfation
16. During glucose cyclization, a new chiral center is formed at the:
A. C6 carbon
B. Anomeric carbon
C. C2 carbon
D. Terminal methyl
17. Hyaluronate belongs to which class?
A. Homopolysaccharide
B. Glycosaminoglycan
C. Disaccharide
D. Alditol
18. Heparin functions primarily as a:
A. Hormone
B. Anticoagulant
C. Structural fiber
D. Storage molecule
19. The rigidity of cellulose fibers is mainly due to:
A. Hydrogen bonding between chains
B. Branching
C. Sulfation
D. Lipid interaction
20. Sugar alcohols are formed by:
A. Oxidation
B. Mild reduction
C. Phosphorylation
D. Hydrolysis
21. Deoxy sugars are characterized by:
A. Addition of oxygen
B. Replacement of –OH with H
C. Sulfation
D. Phosphorylation
22. β-D-2-deoxyribose is found in:
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Glycogen
D. Starch
23. Amino sugars contain:
A. Acetylated amine group
B. Sulfate group
C. Extra methyl
D. Carboxyl only
24. Sugar esters commonly contain:
A. Phosphate group
B. Sulfur group
C. Peptide bond
D. Lipid tail
25. The most abundant organic polymer in nature is:
A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Heparin
26. Agar used in microbiology is derived from:
A. Animals
B. Algae
C. Bacteria
D. Fungi
27. Oligosaccharides typically contain how many units?
A. 1–2
B. 3–10
C. 10–100
D. >100
28. Peptidoglycan contains alternating units of:
A. Glucose and fructose
B. GlcNAc and N-acetylmuramic acid
C. Ribose and deoxyribose
D. Amylose and amylopectin
29. The most highly charged biological polymer in humans is:
A. Hyaluronate
B. Heparin
C. Glycogen
D. Cellulose
30. A carbohydrate composed only of glucose with α(1→4) and α(1→6) linkages is:
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Glycogen
D. Agarose