Photo Credits: Cover: Macduff Everton/Corbis; p. 2: Getty Images; p.
3: Hemera
Photo Objects Volume 1; p. 4: Photodisc Blue/Getty Images; p. 5: Masterfile; p. 6:
Comstock Images/Getty Images; p. 7: Stockbyte/Getty Images; p. 8: Harcourt;
p. 9: Jack Hollingsworth/Getty Images; p. 10: Brand X Pictures/Getty Images;
p. 11: Masterfile.
Copyright © by Harcourt, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher.
Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to
School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando,
Florida 32887-6777. Fax: 407-345-2418.
HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the
United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 0-15-343909-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 039 10 09 08 07 06 05
Heat Energy ........................ 2
Feeling the Heat ................... 4
Light Energy ....................... 6
Light on the Move ................. 8
Sound Energy ..................... 10
Glossary ............................ 12
Orlando Austin New York San Diego Toronto London
Visit The Learning Site!
[Link]
Heat Energy
Heat is energy that
The middle of the
makes things hot. The
sun is at least
sun is what gives Earth
15 million degrees
heat energy. Celsius (27 million
The sun is a star. It degrees Fahrenheit).
warms the land, air,
and water all around you.
The sun gives heat energy to warm
the sand, the water, and the air.
2
Some things
warm up in the
sunlight faster
than other things.
Dark-colored things
warm up quickly. Light-
colored things take
longer to warm up.
CAUSE AND
EFFECT What
happens when
something is
given heat
energy?
This dark-colored dog
gets hot quickly. A
light-colored dog gets
hot more slowly.
3
Feeling the Heat
You feel heat from the sun. You can
feel heat from other things, too.
Fire makes things warm. You can
feel heat when something is burned.
Fire gives off heat.
It warms this room.
4
You feel heat
when your hands
slip quickly
against a rope.
Have you ever rubbed your hands
together when they were cold? You
can feel them get warm. Moving
things together gives off heat.
CAUSE AND EFFECT What things can you
do to warm your hands?
5
Light Energy
Light is a kind of energy. The sun
gives light energy for the world
around us.
When you go outside, you can see
trees and houses. Light helps you
to see.
The sun lights
up the world
around us.
6
A candle is burned
to give light.
It can get dark at night.
It can be hard to see. Fires A 100 watt
and lamps give off light. light bulb at
People use fires and lamps your house
to help them see. makes as much
light as about
MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS
1,500 candles!
Where can we get light?
7
Light on the Move
Light moves. It passes through clear
objects. It passes through clear glass.
It passes through clear air.
These windows are made
of clear glass. Light
passes through them.
8
Objects that are not clear, block
light. Trees, buildings, and even people
can block light. They can make
shadows. A shadow is a dark place
made when an object blocks light.
You can see lots of shadows on a
sunny day.
CAUSE AND EFFECT What causes a tree to
make a shadow?
Can you see shadows?
What blocked the light
from passing through?
9
Sound Energy
Did you know that sound is a kind of
energy? Sound is energy you can hear.
Music, talking, and a dog barking are
all sound. Sound is all around us.
Musical instruments
make many
different sounds.
10
A fire engine gives light
energy from its lights. It gives
sound energy from its siren.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST How is the
light from the sun like sound from a drum?
Summary
The sun sends heat and light energy
to Earth. We also get heat and light in
other ways. Light can pass through
some things, but not others. Sound is a
kind of energy, too.
11
Glossary
heat A kind of energy that makes
things hot (2, 3, 4, 5, 11)
light A kind of energy that helps us
see (3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11)
shadow A dark place made when an
object blocks light (9)
sound A kind of energy that you can
hear (10, 11)
12
Think and Write
1. Name three kinds of energy.
2. CAUSE AND EFFECT What does
the sun do to Earth’s land, air,
and water?
3. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS What
can happen when light moves to
an object?
4. Write a story about your trip to
school today. Talk about the
different kinds of energy.
Hands-On Activity
Work with a partner. Make a list of all
the sounds on a city street.
School-Home Connection
With an adult, make a list of things
in the kitchen that make light, heat,
and sound.