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INTRODUCTION

i. Concept:

The term of internship is usually use for student starting a new job, who are new to this
field and start a job with training. An internship is a short time work experience given by
an organization or University to the student.

In internship students learn about operations and culture internship provides practical work
experience. Sometimes internship paid basic pau salary or not. This is a temporary job
related to academic field of education. It helps to beginner to gain practical knowledge or
work experience with in a field. Internship useful for college student and guidelines in the
educations field internship provides booty paid salary while a student completing their
degree.

ii. Objective:

➢ An internship gives a student the opportunity for career growth and to learn new
skills.
➢ It provides a clear view of a career.
➢ Development of new skills.
➢ It helps to create a professional network.
➢ Increases confidence of learners.
➢ Increases skill knowledge.
➢ It gives research experience to the learners.
➢ It helps to build confidence in learners.
➢ It is the best way for students to get work experience.

iii. Functions:

The main purpose of an internship is to give work field experience related to your study.
An internship can help you gain skills and learn about the work field. An internship gives
a student an opportunity for career growth and to learn new skills. By the internship one

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can work practically related to the field of library which provides an opportunity for
development of intern to learn new things

[Link] THE INSTITUTE:

Telangana State Central Library Afzalgunj Hyderabad:

Fig:1 Main Entrance of the library

i. LIBRARY HISTORY:

The State Central Library earlier known as Asafia Library, is a public library in Hyderabad,
Telangana. The building was constructed in 1891. It is one of the most imposing structures
in the city and was granted heritage status in 1998 by INTACH, Hyderabad. The library is
located at Afzal Gunj on the bank of the River Musi. It houses 500,000 books and
magazines including some rare Palm-leaf manuscripts. This library is the apex of the state's
library system. The State Central Library began in 1891 due to the efforts of Syed Hussain
Bilgrami, whose personal library formed the institution's initial core. The library building
has an area of 72,247 square yards and was built under the supervision of the architect,
Aziz Ali. The foundation was laid in January 1932 by Prince Mir Osman Ali Khan. At the
construction's completion, the Asafia Library shifted to the new building in 1936 to mark

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Nizam VII's Silver jubilee. In 1941, the Asafia State Library celebrated its Golden Jubilee.
When the Hyderabad Public Libraries Act became law in 1955, Asafia State Library was
declared as the State Central library for the Hyderabad State. The State Central Library is
one of the institutions of learning which had its genesis in the year 1891 due to the sustained
efforts of Late Moulvi Syed Hussain Bilgrami (Nawab Imadul Mulk Bahadur of H.E.H),
the Nizam’s Government. The personal library of this great scholar formed the initial
corpus of this great institution. It was then known as Asafia State Library after the name of
Asaf Jah dynasty and was located in Abids. Mr. Syed Tassaduq Hussian an eminent scholar
of Eastern Languages, was appointed as Superintendent of this Library and later he became
the first Librarian of State Central Library. In course of time, the Asafia State Library
emerged as one of the biggest, finest and richest libraries in the world both in terms of print
and manuscripts collection.

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Fig:2 History of Telangana state library

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ii. TIMINGS:

Open Library:

Monday to Friday (9.00 A.M to 6 PM.)

Saturday and Friday (9.00 AM to 5.00 PM)

Circulation counter Timings: -

Monday to Friday (9.00 A.M to 6.00 P.M)

Saturday (9.00 A.M to 5.00 P.M)

Reading Halls:

It is remained open in 7days of weeks & reading hall is opened 8.00 A.M to 6.00 PM
evening. It is open type of library it has a good nature in surroundings such pleasant
atmosphere and keep quiet and calm

iii. Library Facilities:

Library Facilities:

Extensive Collection: A vast collection of over 500,000 books, magazines, and

newspapers covering various genres, including fiction, non-fiction, science, history, and
regional literature in languages like Telugu, English, and Urdu.

Palm-Leaf Manuscripts: T: The library possesses a collection of rare palm-leaf

manuscripts and other archival materials dating back centuries.

Digital Library: Access to a digital library is available, allowing for broader access to
resources.

Circulating Libraries: The library provides circulating services, allowing users to

borrow books with an affordable membership fee.

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Peaceful Study Environment: The library provides a serene atmosphere and various
sections for reading and studying.

Archival Section: An archival section showcases rare manuscripts from the 5th-16th
centuries and records from the Nizams and the Colonial British government.

Newspapers and Magazines: A dedicated periodical section offers a wide range of

daily newspapers and magazines.

iv. COLLECTIONS OF LIBRARY:

Telangana state library is one of the oldest and best libraries in Hyderabad. It houses more
than 5,00,000 books and magazines along with palm-leaf manuscripts that’ll leave you in
awe. Find an exhaustive collection of books on science, technology, medicine, fiction, non-
fiction, legal, history, world politics, etc. Some of the manuscripts date back to the 5th
century. Membership fee: The first-year membership costs you INR 150, and INR 50 from
the second year

Printed resources:

Sr. No. Printed resources Collections

1 Books 5 Lakhs
2 Journals 25
3 News paper 20 Brands

v. UNIVERSAL DIGITAL LIBRARY

The aim of the project is to digitize books of common interest to the Communities of
Interest (COI) and make them available in a location, language and time independent way.
Using the state-of-the-art planetary scanners, the Carnegie Mellon University, USA has
developed a complete solution comprising scanning, cropping, OCR and XML converters.
With this technology, a full book of around 500 pages can be scanned without having to
unbind the book into sheets, can be digitized and taken to the web in two hours. In order to
take a million books to the web, it is estimated that around 1000 Man years would be

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needed. Such massive efforts and the costs involved in selecting the books, manpower and
the hardware make it prohibitively expensive for any one nation to execute this project in
isolation. Further, an international collaboration would also ensure that no duplication of
efforts is involved while capitalizing on the digital form of the information that can easily
be shared and accessed. The international collaboration will also assist in ensuring the
development of standards for language independent search engines, speech and character
recognizers and data storage and interchange formats for scholarly communications.

Prof. Raj Reddy of Carnegie Mellon University is the Overall International Coordinator
for this project. This project involves participation from many countries including USA
and China. Prof. N. Balakrishnan, Chairman, Division of Information Sciences and
Services at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore is the Coordinator for the Indian
efforts. Many Government and private Institutions such as IISc., NCST Mumbai, IIIT
Hyderabad have become partners in this effort. Prof. Raj Reddy has supplied Scanners
free of cost total 12 scanners have been received by us on 29-05-2002. Accordingly, 2
Scanning Centers were established under the Department of Public Libraries.

1) State Central Library, Hyderabad *

2) City Central Library, Hyderabad

vi. DIGITAL LIBRARY SECTION

➢ The digitization of rare books has been taken up with the financial assistance o
National Mission on Libraries, Kolkata wherein rare books prior to 1935 are
digitized which do not attract copyright act. The Scanning and digitization work is
to be with the help of ABBYY Fine Reader Software.
➢ The digitization of Newspapers is also being done with the financial assistance of
National Mission on Libraries, Kolkata.
➢ Total 55000 rare books in different languages have been scanned and digitized
under Digital Library Project.
➢ In collaboration with Press Academy, Hyderabad, Newspapers and Magazines
prior to the year 1977 in various Telugu and Urdu and English languages have been
scanned and digitized and the scanning of Magazines in Telugu language prior to

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 the year 1977 is under process and also scanned / digitized old newspapers with the
help of NML project (National Mission on Libraries, Kolkata).
➢ Digital Library Section at State Central Library, Hyderabad is providing data to
the Research Scholars and delegates who visit this Library from different countries.
➢ CD LIBRARY: The scanned data of rare books are preserved in 5020 CD/DVDs
& Disk so far and 310 Educational CDs have been purchased for the users of
CD Library providing the scanned rare books data in soft copy and hard copy on
nominal charges.
➢ INTERNET: The State Central Library, Hyderabad is also providing Internet
facility to all the readers at minimum cost.
➢ Different countries people those who are seeking information and research material
from digital library section and setting the data in soft copy and hard copies from
the digital library section of State Central Library with nominal cost. On nominal
cost i.e., 0.50ps and Rs.1 only charging for the soft copy for the required data
information.

vii. FINANCIAL RESOURCES:

BUDGET OF (2024-25)

1. STATE GRANT:

Sr. No. Sources Budget

1 Stationary Every quarter Rs.7500
2 Books & Electronic Resources Rs.50000
3 Furniture Sanctioned from RRRLF,
Kolkata, Rs.9.68 Lakhs
4 Newspapers & Magazines Rs.1.50 lakhs

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 viii. HUMAN RESOURCES:
STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY, HYDERABAD
LIST OF EMPLOYEES WORKING AS ON 30.09.2025

Sl.
Name Designation
No.
1 Smt. P.G.V. Rani Gazetted Librarian
2 Smt. C. Aparna Gazetted Librarian
3 Sri. Kesari Hanuman Librarian Grade -I (Internship supervisor) *
4 Sri. S. Sai Avinash Assistant Librarian Grade–I
5 Sri. K. Raja Naveen Kumar Superintendent (Technical)
6 Smt. S. Rajini Office Superintendent
7 Sri. Syed Imtiyazuddin Supervisor Grade–I
8 Sri. Syed Abdul Aziz Assistant Librarian Grade–II
9 Sri. P. Madhu Assistant Librarian Grade–II
10 Sri. A. Rakesh Supervisor Grade–I
11 Sri. Mohd. Abdul Razzak Supervisor Grade–I
12 Sri. M. Santosh Kumar Classifier
13 Sri. M. Dharmender Classifier
14 Sri. M. Srikanth Senior Assistant
15 Smt. M. Manjula Supervisor Grade–II
16 Sri. Umamaheshwar Reddy Card Writer
17 Sri. S. Pratap Card Writer
18 Sri. V. Srinivas Rao Book Keeper
19 Kum. M. Ramyasree Card Writer
20 Sri. M. Mallesh Book Keeper
21 Kum. B. Sumalatha Junior Assistant
22 Sri. P. Shiva Kumar Reddy Junior Assistant
23 Kum. M. Niharika Junior Assistant
24 Sri. T. Santosh Kumar Junior Assistant
25 Sri. R. Sai Kiran Junior Assistant
26 Kum. Ch. Niharika Junior Assistant
27 Smt. A. Geetha Junior Assistant
28 Sri. D. Susheel Kumar Junior Assistant
29 Sri. A. Thirupathy Junior Assistant
30 Kum. B. Sai Praveena Yadav Junior Supervisor
31 Sri. M. Narender Library Assistant
32 Sri. K. Vijay Chander Library Assistant
33 Sri. S. Sai Dikshith Library Assistant
34 Sri. K. Mahesh Library Assistant
35 Smt. D. Swathi Library Assistant

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 36 Smt. B. Vinoda Book Bearer
37 Sri. G. Vikram Kumar Book Bearer
38 Smt. D. Pavani Farrash

"I express my heartfelt gratitude to Sri. Kesari Hanuman Sir, Librarian Grade-I Librarian,
state central library Hyderabad who taught us a lot during the internship. On behalf of all
the students, I would like to convey our sincere thanks and appreciation for his valuable
guidance and support."

3. OPERATIONS:

In operation all activity lies Accessioning Acquisition Classification Cataloguing e-

Resource Management, stock Verification and Maintenance etc.

i. ACCESSIONING:

Every year library collects new Books & Resource then he keeps permeant record of these
files into register. This register known as the name of Accession register Accession register
is a permeant and basic record of the library.

Each text material is entered in this register in the same order in which it is receive in the
library thus Accession register shows chronological and development of the library’s
collection. The standard size of the accessioning register is 16” *13” and the standard no
of column is 14. According the general financial rules, 2017, the standard no. of columns
in the accession register is 15

Date Accession Author Title Edition Place & Pub. Year Vol. Cost Class Book Bill Remarks
No NO. NO. No.
In the admission record, the following information is given related to the courses material

i. Date of accession: Date of accession indicates when a book was included in the
collection of the library
ii. The accession no: also gives a unique no. to the book
iii. Autor: Under this, the name of person or organization responsible for that book is
written.

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 iv. Title: Under this the title the book is recorded.
v. Edition: which is the edition of a book.
vi. Volume: if the book is published in sections than the no. of sections is indicated.
vii. Place & Publication: Address of publication is mentioned
viii. Year: Year of publication of book.
ix. Pages: No of pages in the book.
x. Source: the source of books where it is purchased from
xi. Class No: Classification no. is given according to the title and autor of book.
xii. Book No: As per the classification no. is given according to the title and author of
book.
xiii. Book NO: As per the classification no. book no. is also given according to the title
and author of the book.
xiv. Bill No: The bill [Link] written from the bill provided by the source.
xv. Remark: If any remarkable entry found for the particular book than it is to be noted

While of internship I took these steps:

1 Matching the receive
2 Arrangement of according to serial no in bill and recommendation
3 Entry of books in accession register
4 Stamping & writing on books.
5 Label pasting (QR code label, spine label university logo label)

ii. ACQUISTION:
This department is heart of library. Acquisition is the process of selecting materials for
library all formals. Acquisition of library is done according the the police of the library.
This department of library responsible for the selection of printed E-resources.

Four goals of acquisition:

• To acquire materials quickly
• To maintain high level of accuracy
• To make work process simple

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 • To develop friendly relationship

While on internship I take these steps. Acquisition rule is different according to library
policy

➢ Recommendation brings by department of university by committee of three

professors.
➢ After getting recommendation on stake verification take place. List of Those books
are not available in library sent to publisher
➢ Invoice of these books brings
➢ Prepare budget for purchasing these books.
➢ Order place of books.
➢ After getting order bibliography of books done by library staff. To make sure
correct delivery of books sent by publisher
➢ After this accession of books by MARC 21 accession register
➢ Bill processing takes place of payment
➢ At last report prepared of these resources
➢ While of internship I took these steps
➢ Entry of books in accession register
➢ Stamping & writing on books.
➢ Label Pasting (QR Code label spine label university logo label)

iii. CLASSIFICATION:
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system, developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876,
is one of the most widely used library classification systems in the world. Its primary
objective is to organize and arrange books, journals, and other materials in a systematic
and logical order to make them easy to locate and access. The DDC divides human
knowledge into ten main classes, each represented by numbers ranging from 000 to 999.
These classes are further divided into divisions and sections, enabling detailed
categorization of subjects. The importance of DDC in library and information science is
immense, as it contributes to efficient information organization, accessibility, and
management. One of the key advantages of the DDC system is uniformity in classification.
Libraries across the world use the same numeric codes to represent subjects, which ensures

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consistency in cataloguing and shelving materials. This uniformity allows users to find
books on the same topic located together, whether they are in a small local library or a large
university collection. For example, books on religion are grouped under 200, while those
on technology are found under 600. Such organization helps both librarians and users save
time and effort while searching for materials. Another major importance of DDC is ease of
use and flexibility. The system is simple enough for even non-specialists to understand. Its
decimal notation allows infinite expansion within any subject area, enabling libraries to
accommodate new and emerging fields of knowledge. For example, new technologies,
scientific discoveries, or social concepts can easily be included by adding decimal
numbers. This flexibility ensures that the DDC remains relevant despite rapid
advancements in human knowledge. The DDC also plays a vital role in effective library
management. It supports systematic shelving, cataloguing, and retrieval of materials. When
a book is classified and assigned a call number based on its DDC, it can be located quickly
by both users and staff. This improves the overall efficiency of library operations and
reduces confusion in large collections. Furthermore, the DDC aids in inventory control,
collection development, and interlibrary cooperation, since materials on similar subjects
can be easily identified and shared between libraries. In addition, DDC contributes to
information literacy and user education. When users understand the structure of the DDC,
they can independently navigate library shelves and catalogs. This promotes self-reliance
and enhances their ability to find and use information effectively. The hierarchical
arrangement of topics also helps users understand the relationship between different
subjects, thereby supporting learning and research. Moreover, the DDC is internationally
recognized and has been translated into many languages, making it a global tool for
organizing knowledge. It bridges linguistic and cultural differences by using numbers as
universal symbols of classification. This global acceptance fosters cooperation and
standardization among libraries worldwide.

In conclusion, the Dewey Decimal Classification system is a cornerstone of modern

librarianship. It brings order to vast collections of knowledge, promotes accessibility,
ensures uniformity, and adapts to changes in information and technology. Without a
structured classification system like DDC, libraries would face significant challenges in
organizing and retrieving materials efficiently. Therefore, the DDC continues to be an

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indispensable tool for librarians, researchers, and learners in the pursuit of information and
knowledge.

000 – 099: General Works

• 000 – Computer science, information & general works
• 010 – Bibliographies
• 020 – Library & information sciences
• 030 – Encyclopedia’s & books of facts
• 040 – (Unassigned – formerly Biographies)
• 050 – Magazines, journals & serials
• 060 – Associations, organizations & museums
• 070 – News media, journalism & publishing
• 080 – Quotations, collections & anthologies
• 090 – Manuscripts & rare books

100 – 199: Philosophy & Psychology

• 100 – Philosophy & psychology (general)
• 110 – Metaphysics
• 120 – Epistemology, causation, human knowledge
• 130 – Parapsychology & occultism
• 140 – Specific schools of philosophy
• 150 – Psychology
• 160 – Logic
• 170 – Ethics (moral philosophy)
• 180 – Ancient, medieval, Oriental philosophy
• 190 – Modern Western philosophy

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200 – 299: Religion
• 200 – Religion (general)
• 210 – Philosophy & theory of religion
• 220 – The Bible
• 230 – Christianity & Christian theology
• 240 – Christian moral & devotional theology
• 250 – Christian orders & local church
• 260 – Christian social & ecclesiastical theology
• 270 – History of Christianity
• 280 – Christian denominations & sects
• 290 – Other religions (Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, etc.)

300 – 399: Social Sciences

• 300 – Social sciences (general)
• 310 – Statistics
• 320 – Political science
• 330 – Economics
• 340 – Law
• 350 – Public administration & military science
• 360 – Social problems & services
• 370 – Education
• 380 – Commerce, communications, transportation
• 390 – Customs, etiquette, folklore

400 – 499: Language

• 400 – Language (general)
• 410 – Linguistics

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 • 420 – English & Old English
• 430 – German & related languages
• 440 – French & related languages
• 450 – Italian, Romanian & related languages
• 460 – Spanish & Portuguese
• 470 – Latin
• 480 – Classical Greek
• 490 – Other languages

500 – 599: Natural Sciences & Mathematics

• 500 – Natural sciences (general)
• 510 – Mathematics
• 520 – Astronomy
• 530 – Physics
• 540 – Chemistry
• 550 – Earth sciences & geology
• 560 – Fossils & prehistoric life
• 570 – Life sciences (biology)
• 580 – Plants (botany)
• 590 – Animals (zoology)

600 – 699: Technology (Applied Sciences)

• 600 – Technology (general)
• 610 – Medicine & health
• 620 – Engineering
• 630 – Agriculture
• 640 – Home economics & family living

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 • 650 – Management & public relations
• 660 – Chemical engineering
• 670 – Manufacturing
• 680 – Manufacture for specific uses
• 690 – Building & construction

700 – 799: Arts & Recreation

• 700 – Arts (general)

• 710 – Landscape & area planning
• 720 – Architecture
• 730 – Sculpture, ceramics & metalwork
• 740 – Drawing, decorative & minor arts
• 750 – Painting
• 760 – Graphic arts & printmaking
• 770 – Photography & computer art
• 780 – Music
• 790 – Sports, games & entertainment

800 – 899: Literature

• 800 – Literature (general)
• 810 – American literature in English
• 820 – English & Old English literatures
• 830 – German & related literatures
• 840 – French & related literatures
• 850 – Italian, Romanian & related literatures
• 860 – Spanish & Portuguese literatures

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 • 870 – Latin literature
• 880 – Classical Greek literature
• 890 – Other literatures

900 – 999: History & Geography

• 900 – History & geography (general)
• 910 – Geography & travel
• 920 – Biography, genealogy, insignia
• 930 – History of ancient world
• 940 – History of Europe
• 950 – History of Asia
• 960 – History of Africa
• 970 – History of North America
• 980 – History of South America
• 990 – History of other areas, Oceania, polar regions

Purpose of classification:
➢ Helpful sequence
➢ Correct replacement
➢ Book display
➢ Mechanized arrangement

Component of library classification:

1) Notation: set of symbols to represent the terms
2) Pure notation 1 to 9 or A to Z
3) Mixed notation: more than one set of symbols

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 4) Form Division: text books manuals, encyclopedias are the forms/styles of
documents
5) The call no. is form division is also called common subdivision/common isolates
6) Generali Class: Net specified any subject.

iv. CATALOGUING:
Definition: Cataloguing can be explained as the work in which contents are arranged in
reasonable way or in a particular order or according to set plan. Cataloguing is a list of
books which is arranged one definite place.

It is the process of creating bibliography and records in the library catalogue. This
catalogue may in form of cards& electronic resource. Cataloguing provides information of
author title of books.

PURPOSE OF CATALOGUE
➢ Catalogue gives information about the arrangement and the offer which books &
reading materials ate lying in the shelves
➢ Gives information of each book
➢ It helps the readers to find of his books
➢ Save time of the reader and the staff
➢ Needs of the reader coordinates Reading materials available in library

v. STOCK -VERIFICTAION:

It is the important function of library. It is annual verification process of library. In this we

count no books are present in library and missing books that exit in library

In Telangana state central library stoke verification is done one time in every year. While
stoke verification no one can check out books form library. While stoke verification on
reader only check in books. In this process those books are found damage sent for binding.
After stoke verification process prepare list of lost &damaged books.

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vi. MAINTENANCE:
The work of placing something at proper condition is called maintenance. In this process
shelving binding of books & all resources used in library in proper condition

Shelving: When a reader unknowing or by mistake picks up books and puts on different
place. Due to this mistake reader don’t get books at their fixed place. Books are removed
one shelve to another shelves by reader. Keeping these books at their designated place is
called shelving or shelf rectification. Shelving is done by librarian in library in library.

Binding of books: It is a prat of maintenance. It is the main objective to use of books in

library. Due to excessive use of books, it is natural to repair hooks when they damage.
Binding room is available in library to repair these damage books. In this room books are
repaired by library staff. There are two steps of

Security maintenance: library is not always secure and sage place some theft and other
activity take place. Sometime lose issue of books and other resources take place. The
maintenance work also include security. The best way to provide security to the library ton
have low price photocopy services to reader. This facility will help to reader to get
photocopy of material early to be use of books. When we enter & exit into library our
security check must be done by security guards.

Technical Maintenance: In technical maintenance al the technical instrument like fan, AC,
tube light, electronic instrument are maintenance.

4. SERVICES:

Service are those facilities which are provided to reader there is much kind of service
available in the library such as.

i. Reference Services:

Ranganathan defines reference service as “personal services to each reader in helping in to

find the document answering his interest at the moment pointedly, exhaustively and
expeditiously”

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Reference service is a process in which reader receive their information through personal
contact of the reference librarian. There are queries of many types, varieties and time bound
reference section or reference department of the library makes the efforts to remove.

Objective of reference service:

➢ To protect and arrange the collection
➢ To present the collection before the readers.
➢ To save time of reader
➢ To conduct the fact-finding research
➢ To maximize of reference services

ii. DIGITAL REFERNCE:

It is the emerging trend of tradition references services. Digital service is commonly called
virtual services. Digital reference is a service which is provides online into the library. It is
translated in computer mediated communication. It is the extension of library’s existing
reverence service program.

Element of reference services

• The user
• The interface
• Electronic Resources
• The information profession

iii. INTERLIBRARY LOAN: It is concept of resource sharing between two

Libraries. It is old concept of librarianship. Interlibrary loan is a service in which a library
request & barrow resources from other library is call ILL. Libraries can share their
resources using traditional mean.

Objective of ILL
• Library can share their resources in an effective, timely and cost-effective manner.
• It completed the requires of resources

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 • It promotes cooperative program and services of Library
• It increases access rate of reader
• It helps to avoid duplicate of resources

iv. CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICES:

CAS as “documentation periodical listing the document appearing during the period
covered and without being selected to suit requirement of a particular reader or a specific
topic under investigation. It endeavors to keep the clue tele informed promptly of all the
nascent through in their fields if work and related field.”

It provides current information to the right user right time on their time of need it keeps the
use up to date with up-to-date information.

Objective CAS
• It promotes and support to the library
• It keeps the user well informed
• It saved the time of user.
• It helps the user in scanning the literature
• It fulfils current demand of the reader

v. CIRCULATION SERVICES:
Every library has circulation section. It gives service of issue and returns of books This
section helps to links reader to the first two laws of library. Circulation services ensure the
use of books by user borrow them. This department is responsible for giving the books to
the reader and keeps records of user. When the book/document is returned to the library, is
duty of circulation department to keeps into shelves at right place. It keeps the records of
books issued by user.

vi. REPROGRAPHY:
Basically, rare books or materials are preserved here by microfilm or microfiche system.
There are two ways of reproduction system. These are:

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 • Microfilm: It is a form in which entries are greatly reduced and printed upon film
A projector which magnifies the film on to screen is required.
• Microfiche: It is a transparent card type format that kept an envelope. “It requires
reader” to trust the microfiche. Each microfiche can hold approximately 4320
entries.

Measurement is microfilm and microfiche:

Microfilm length is 100 feet and its wide 35 meter. It has also 800-1200 exposer. It may
also be kept in negative form. Microfiche are kept in the size of 5” * 3” card form. It has
been collected form India. At present the materials are kept in a digital format through
digital camera into computer

Photo copy: Another part of reprography section is photocopy service. The total number of
effective photocopies is 10 for producing photocopy service. Various services ware
extended to teachers, researchers and student from this section They can gey photocopy
from here by paying minimum charge.

vii. ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE:

EDDS system in which electronic technology for receipt of request and supply of document
are known as electronic document delivery system EDDS provides immediate access to
the needed information. In such system request may be received by telephone, e-mail, fax
or online ordering. The document is sent electronically via email, fa or document delivery
like Ariel. EDDS can provide instant access to material needed. Apart from speed, it is the
conversion in accessing information which makes EDDS the preferred method over
traditional document delivery methods.

viii. INDEXING:
Subject indexing provides a subject entry for easy topic associated with the content of a
micro document. The representation of documents and the knowledge expressed by them
is one of the central and unique areas of study within Library and information science (LIS)
and is commonly referred to as indexing.

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ix. ABSTRACTING:
An abstract database prepares a summary of the core content of document to enable users
to determine whether prompt they need to read the entire text an abstract is a shortened
version of the original piece. They are often accessible via a subscription and will be on a
particular subject, or selection of subject.

5. AUTOMATION:

It refers to the use of computer and other technical resources to minimize human activity
in the function library. It can define as “the performance of an operation or a series of
operation or a process by self-activating, self-controlling, or automatic means. Automation
implies the use of automatic data”.

Library automation of e-Granthalaya:

e-Granthalaya is a cloud-based, integrated library management software developed by

India's National Informatics Centre (NIC). It is primarily designed to automate and network
government and semi-government libraries in India, transforming them into modern e-
libraries.

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Key features:

• Cloud-ready application: The current version, 4.0, is hosted on the NIC

National Cloud, known as Meghraj. Libraries use the software online, with no local
installation required.
• Integrated modules: It provides a complete solution for library automation,
including:
o Acquisition: Manages book ordering, procurement, and budget tracking.
o Cataloguing: Supports data entry for all types of materials (books, e-
books, articles) and conforms to international standards like MARC21 and
AACR2.
o Circulation: Handles member registration, issue, return, renewal, and
calculates fines.
o Serials control: Manages the subscription and scheduling of journals and
other periodicals.
o Digital library: Allows for the upload and management of e-books,
articles, and other digital documents in various formats (PDF, HTML,
TIFF).
o Web OPAC: Provides an internet-based Online Public Access Catalogue
for members to search the library's collection.
• Centralized database: It creates a common, central database for a cluster of
libraries, which minimizes data entry and facilitates the creation of a union
catalogue.
• Multi-lingual support: The software is UNICODE compliant, which allows for
data entry in multiple Indian languages.
• Integration and APIs: Features extensive integration with other services via APIs
for:
o Smart cards, barcodes, and RFID.
o Email and SMS alerts.
o Z39.50 and World Cat, enabling record downloads from other library
resources.

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 • Mobile application: A mobile app is available for registered members to access
the e-library services.

Cost and availability

For government libraries: The software itself is provided free of charge to eligible
government and semi-government organizations.

One-time fee for hosting: There is a one-time payment for hosting, maintenance, and
support for five years when using version 4.0 on the NIC cloud. For the specific fee,
libraries must contact NIC for the latest details.

Roll-out services: Services like data entry and on-site training are provided by NICSI-
empaneled agencies on a payment basis.

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ii. DATABASE:
The SQL commend Create TABLE is used to describe the layout of a table. The WORD
TABLE is followed by used to describe of a table. The WORD TABLE is followed by
name to the table. The rules for naming table and column vary slightly from one version of
SQL to another. IF you have any doubts about the validity of any of the name chose, you
should consult a manual.

There are some data bases used in Telangana state central library

➢ J-Gate Database 21.o

➢ IBM SPSS statistics
➢ IBM SPSS Regression
➢ IBM SPSS Neutral network

iii. DIGTIZATION:
Digitization refers to all of the steps involved in the process of making historical and other
materials available online. Digitization of information materials is the process of
converting analogue information to a digit format. In digitization process traditional
documents such as books, papers, manuscripts are converted into electronic format i.e.
image format which ate machine readable. Digitized materials are easy to access for user
at any time any were and also single documents can be accessed by more than one user at
time.

Benefits of Digitizing of Library Resources:

• The benefit of digitization is improved access. Digital libraries are typically

accessed through the Internet and Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM).
They can be accessed virtually from anywhere and at any time. They are not tied to
the physical location and operating hours of the traditional library.
• A digital library can provide wider access and meet simultaneous access requests
for a document by easily creating multiple instances of copies of the requested
document. It can also meet the requirement of a larger population of users easily.

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 • It improved information sharing. Through the appropriate metadata ana information
exchange protocols, the digital libraries can easily share information other similar
digital libraries and provide enhanced access to uses.

iv. DIGITISING MATERIALS:

Digital imaging is an inter-linked system of hardware, software, image database and access
sub-system with each having their components. Tools used for digitation include several
core and peripheral systems. An image scanning system may consist of stand-alone
workstations where most or all the works done on the same workstation or as a part of
network of workstations with imaging work distributed and shared amongst various
workstations. The network usually includes a scanning station. A server and one of more
editing retrieval stations.

• This unit concentrate on scanners and scanning software as important components

of the scanning system.
• Scanners
• Flatbed scanners
• Sheet feed scanner
• Digital camera
• Personal computer

6. DIGITAL PRESERVATION:
Digital preservation is not new concept for libraries. It refers to “Preservation of materials
that created originally in digit form and never existed in print or analogue form” printed
document, picture photographs or physical objects into digital form by using scanner &
digital scanner for access and preservation process. Library can acquire digital materials
though different channels that include buying digital contents from publisher or
aggregators and licensing access to online database and journals

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7. LEARNING OUTCOME:
Student whit learning experiences that help to instill deep interest in learning library and
informational science develop board and balanced knowledge and understanding of
fundamental concept.

While on internship some learning outcome from library science.

Disciplinary knowledge: It help to understanding major concept, principal of laws of

various subject in library and other related field study including management economics
etc.

Professional skills: It helps to understanding major concept of classifications & capable

to catalogue all types of documents using standard catalogue codes and metadata standards.

Communicator skills: It gives ability to communicate in oral & written form to user,
author in effective manner.

Critical thinker: It helps to understand critical subject of document to classify them

properly &driver subject heading.

Problem solver: It helps to solve problem while providing Reference and services.

Team Player: It makes capable for working in team in class room & office

Lifelong learner: It makes capable for self-paced and self-directed learning aimed at
persona development for improving knowledge and skills.

Practical knowledge: It gives practical knowledge about management of library

Social knowledge: It helps to make

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8. CONCLUSION
Internship is an integrated part of the information science education Historically the
profession of the information science has considered Internship as primary means of
providing student opportunity to acquire knowledge, value and skills. Successful
application of theoretical knowledge highly depends on internship practice. By solving the
problems through the internship students of information science would be able to
understand how to apply their knowledge.

9. SUGGESTION FOR LIBRARY

➢ There should be allocation of adequate budget for the procurement of books and
other reading materials.
➢ The acquisition section should start performing their functions automatically by
using the acquisition module of the software
➢ The accession register should be maintained automatically.
➢ The senior staff member should share their experience with the junior ones.
➢ The procedure of purchasing books and other reading materials should be made
easy
➢ The processing section should make a decision to use either 22nd or 23rd edition
of DDC to avoid ambiguities.
➢ They should follow the MARC21 format
➢ They should use the cutter figure for author mark
➢ The circulation section of the main library should go for the automatic issue and
return by using the circulation module of the software
➢ The staffs should be trained on using the automated system
➢ The library management should recruit qualified personal for the post of reference
librarian.
➢ The user orientation programme and Ask a Librarian should be provided by
Reference section.
➢ The reference materials should be procured on the basis of user needs There should
be provision of reference module in the library automation software. The major

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 sections of the library. (i.e. acquisition section circulation section) should be
accommodated in spacious rooms and should be equipped with required furniture
and equipment
➢ The automation project should integrate the functions of all the sections of the
library
➢ The library should realize in case of new recruitment that new recruitment that the
personal must have sufficient subject knowledge and IT skill
➢ The library management should concentrate on the development of skills of the
existing staff by arranging regular training programs
➢ The library should make sure study every year or every two years to assess the
demand of its legitimate of its legitimate users.
➢ The library should adopt proper marketing strategy to market its product and make
the irregular users as a habitual user of the library.
➢ The library should develop new services and innovative technique to provide the
old services to the users that will be able to attract the user’s “attention”
➢ The library should digital its existing materials and collect digital reading materials
in a large scale.
➢ The library should develop full text database for digitalized reading materials to
provide access to its user in its digital resources
➢ The library should offer internet browsing facilities for free
➢ The library should initiate electronic document delivery services through its
reprography section.
➢ The library should take initiative to form information network among the public
university libraries of Bangladesh so that the users can enjoy entire library loan
facilities
➢ The manuscript collections should be full digitalized by using CD-ROM
➢ Technology so that the researcher can easily access them without any threat being
damaged by heavy use.

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[Link]:

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