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Concepts of all the Chapters

Solutions for all theTextbook questions ( Theory + Numericals )
MCQ Training ( Chapter wise )
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 YouTube link of Chapter 1 : FORCE

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1. The diagrams below show a force F = 40 N acting on a rod AB pivoted at A in
different directions. Identify the correct statement.

a) P and S have opposite moments.

b) The magnitude of the moment of force is maximum in R.
c) The magnitude of the moment of force is maximum in P and Q.
d) The moment of force in R is negative.

2. In the diagram below, four cones are depicted, each with a height of 12cm.
The position of the center of gravity is indicated by dots located at 9cm,
8cm, 4cm, and 3cm from the apex of each cone. Which of these cones is
completely solid?
a) 9cm
b) 8cm
c) 4cm
d) 3cm

3. A metal ball is whirled inside a ring placed on a table, as shown in the diagram
P. The diagram Q shows the motion of the ball after the ring is lifted. Which of
the following diagrams shows the correct position of the metal ball in the ring
when the ring is lifted?
4. Calculate the resultant torque from the following diagram:

5. Handling Steering wheel with one hand and two hands.

6.

A B C

D E F

Types of motion in all these cases ?

7. When water is dropped on a turning wheel it tends to move outwards.

8. Soumya took two right circular cones of the same vertical height. One of the
two cones is a solid one, while the other is hollow from inside. By measuring
the cross-sectional areas of the cones and from the knowledge of symmetry,
by using suitable formulas, he found the positions of the centre of gravity of
both cones. He found that the difference is about 1.5 cm. What is the vertical
height of the two cones?

9. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

a) In the diagram, is the worker attempting to raise or lower the load?
b) Justify your answer to (a) with the necessary calculation.
10. A metre rod is half made of copper and half made of iron. If the mass of the
copper part is 900 g and the mass of iron is 800g, then calculate the
position at which the rod can remain in equilibrium.

11. Study the diagram and answer the following:

a) Arrange the following pendulums according to their natural frequencies
(use < > =).
b) If Pendulum Z is initiated into oscillation, which pendulum among the
others
will exhibit the highest amplitude of vibration?
c) Give reasons for your answer.

12. A roller with a diameter of0.2 mis raised over a pavement AB by applying
forces Fl and F2, as shown in the diagram.
If the magnitude of both forces is 20 N, then compare
the magnitudes of the torques produced by the two
forces.

13. ABCDE is a regular pentagon with its centre of gravity at O. What will be the
most probable position (W, X, Y, Z or O) of the new centre of gravity:
a) if a piece of clay is attached at point A?
b) if the pentagon is cut along the line PQ? ( Of the remaining part PQBCDE )
 YouTube link of Chapter 2 : WORK, ENERGY & POWER

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1. The given figure depicts the graph of work done vs. displacement under a
constant force of 10N. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Force is acting at an angle of0° with the displacement.

b) Force is acting at an angle of 45° with the displacement.
c) Force is acting at an angle of 60° with the displacement.
d) Force is acting at an angle of 90° with the displacement.

2. Assertion (A): When the displacement is zero, then the work is zero. So, if the
work done is zero, then it necessarily means the displacement
is zero.
Reason (R): Work done is calculated by the relation W = FScos0

3. A metal ball of mass 60 g falls on a concrete floor from a vertical height of

2.8 m and rebounds to a height of 1.3 m. Find the change in K.E. in S.I. units.

4. Draw a graph of potential energy vs height for a body thrown vertically

upwards. [ Assume no friction is present.]

5. Regenerative braking involves harnessing the energy that is typically lost

when a car decelerates and brakes and instead using it to recharge the car's
batteries. Unlike traditional braking systems that simply dissipate energy,
regenerative braking allows some of that energy to be recycled.
a) What is the energy conversion process that results in the wastage of energy
in a normal car during braking?
b) How does regenerative braking differ from normal braking in terms of
energy conversion?
6. The mass of the block P is 5 kg. It is to be moved along an inclined plane AC of
length 8 m, which makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. A force of 50 N is
applied on the block to move it through the inclined plane AC, as shown in the
diagram.

a) What is the work done by the force along the inclined plane?
b) Find the gain in potential energy of block P if it is directly lifted to C from the
ground (g = 10 ms-2)
c) We know that potential energy is gained due to the work done on the body
against gravity. Then, in this case, why is the work done on the block and the
increase in the potential energy of the block different?

7. A block of mass 30 kg is pulled up a slope (diagram below) with a constant

speed by applying a force of 200 N parallel to the slope. A and B are the
initial and final positions of the block. Calculate the force of friction offered
by the surface AB.

8. Two bodies of masses 4 kg and 6 kg have same kinetic energy.

Which body will have more momentum ?

9. Two bodies of masses 4 kg and 6 kg have same momentum.

Which body will have more kinetic energy ?

10. How is the kinetic energy of a moving cart affected if

a) Its mass increases 3 times.
b) Its velocity reduced by 2/3rd of the initial velocity.
c) Its velocity reduced to 2/3rd of the initial velocity.

11. Why the unit of moment of force can’t be written as J ?

 12. A force of 15 N is required to pull up a body of mass 2 kg through a distance
5 m along an inclined plane making an angle of 30º with horizontal as
shown in fig

calculate :
i) the work done by the force in pulling the body.
ii) The force due to gravity on the body,
iii) the work done against by the force due to gravity Take :g = 9.8 ms-2
iv) Account for the difference in answers of part (i) and part (iii).
( When to use cos and sin )

13. John weighing 800 N leaves a Point X on his

skateboard and reaches point Y on the ground with
velocity 12 ms-1. Calculate :
a) The kinetic energy of John at Y.
b) The vertical height of point X above the ground.
c) The kinetic energy of John at Z.
( While moving from Y to Z, he loses 450 J of energy against friction. )

14.

Two identical marbles A and B are rolled down along Path 1 and Path 2
respectively. Path 1 is frictionless and Path 2 is rough.
a) Which marble will surely reach the next peak?
b) Along which path/s the mechanical energy will be conserved?
c) Along which path/s is the law of conservation of energy obeyed?

15. a) Work done as F x S

b) Work done as ½ m V2
c) Work done as mgh

YouTube link of Chapter 3 : MACHINES

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1. The diagrams below show four pulley systems. State which of the statements
following the diagrams is true.

a) There are three pulley systems with V.R. = 2 and one pulley system with
V.R. = 1.
b) There are two pulley systems with V.R. = 2, one pulley system with V.R. = 3
and one pulley system with V.R. = 1.
c) There are two pulley systems with V.R. = 2, one pulley system with V.R.= 3
and one pulley system with V.R. = 4.
d) There are two pulley systems with V.R. = 2 and two pulley with V.R.= 3.

2. During his experiments with a single movable pulley, Jas determined the
effort,mechanical advantage and efficiency as X, Y & Z, respectively.
Subsequently, after lubricating the pulley thoroughly, he recalculated the
effort, MA and efficiency. X', Y' & Z' respectively. Which of the following
relationships accurately represents the scenario?
a) X'>X
b) Y'<Y
c) Z'>Z
d) Z'=Z

3.
 Sumit and Sachin went for a trek and during the journey they visited a
cottage. They suspended their bags to the two ropes hanging from P and Q on
a wheel capable of rotating around O. Sumit suspended his bag to the rope Q
and Sachin suspended his bag from the rope P. The wheel remained in
equilibrium.
a) State with a reason who is carrying a heavier bag.
b) Based on the principle of moments, write a mathematical relation that can
be used to determine the weight (W) of Sachin’s bag, given that the weight
of Sumit’s bag is 18 kgf.

4. Efficiency of practical machine is less than 100%.

5. Identify the class of lever in Single fixed pulley and movable pulley.

6. The graph shows load against effort for a lever with load and effort on the
same side of the fulcrum.

a) Calculate the mechanical advantage?

b) Which class does this lever belong to?
 7. A ball of mass m is dropped freely from point A. It is given that AB = BC = CD
= h. If the acceleration due to gravity at the given place is g, then what will
be its
a) potential energy at point A?
b) kinetic energy at point C?

8. Shruthi while constructing a block tackle system with 4 pulleys with its
mechanical advantage being 4 started with movable block and her friend then,
told her that the mechanical advantage is 5 not 4. What might have gone
wrong in her connections? Show this with a neat labelled diagram.
On what basis her friend could justify that the mechanical advantage is 5
but not 4 ?
9. Identify the type of pulley system and mention their M.A and V.R in both ideal
and practical cases.
a) 5 movable pulleys and 1 single fixed pulley.
b) 3 movable pulleys and 4 single fixed pulleys.

10. A block and tackle system has 5 pulleys and has applied an effort of 400 N to
lift a load of 2200 N. The weights of the upper block and lower block of pulley
system are 200 N and 300 N respectively.
Calculate : a) Mechanical advantage
b) Velocity ratio.
c) Efficiency.
YouTube link of Chapter 4 : REFRACTION AT A PLANE SURFACE

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1. Assertion (A): When light passes through a triangular prism, it is observed
that for two angles of incidence, the angle of deviation is the
same.
Reason (R): According to the principle of reversibility, the light retraces
the path in reversing the direction.

2. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct path of light through the
lens?

3. A ray of light passes obliquely from an optical medium of refractive index 1.33
to another medium of refractive index 1.5. While passing from the first
medium to the second, the light ray will:
a) bend towards the normal.
b) bend away from the normal.
c) move along the normal.
d) suffer total internal reflection.

4. When a ray of light passes from air to glass, for what angle of incidence, the
ray will not be deviated.

5. How does a trawler man catch fish in deep water?

6. Refractive index of diamond is 2.4

7. Copy and complete the following diagrams to show the path of the ray of
monochromatic light in each case as it enters and emerges out of the prism.
Mark the angle wherever necessary (critical angle is 42°) .

8. Calculate the refractive index of a liquid with respect to air applying

Snell's law (use geometric construction).

9.

The above diagram shows that an observer sees the image of an object O at I.
a) Name and define the phenomenon responsible for seeing the image at a
different position.
b) State the effect on X when:
1. Y increases
2. Y decreases

10. When sunlight passes through water droplets in the atmosphere it gets
dispersed into its constituent colours forming a rainbow. A similar
phenomenon is observed when white light passes through a prism.
a) Which colour will show the maximum angle of deviation and which colour
will show the minimum angle of deviation?
b) If instead of sunlight, a green-coloured ray is passed through a glass prism.
What will be the colour of the emergent ray?

11. A fish looks bigger from outside the tank, ( A, R and media )
but if you put your eyes inside the water and look at an object in the air, say
a floating leaf, it will look smaller.

12. Date palm tree when observed by a swimmer from inside water appear taller
than original height.
 13. Spear fishing and the fisherman. ( Positions of fisherman and fish is IMP )
a) If fisherman is outside the water.
b) If fisherman is inside the water.
c) If a fisherman is inside and aim at a bird.

14. A ray of light enters a rectangular glass slab submerged in water at an angle
of incidence 55°. Does this ray undergo total internal reflection when it
moves from water to glass? Justify your answer. (This critical angle for
glass-water interface is 54°.)
How to identify TIR, if its not mentioned in the question ?
a) Diamond sparkle in the dark ( TIR )
b) Fibre optics
c) Shining or silvery ( Surface of water )
d) Mirage

15. 2 rays A ( more wavelength ) and B ( less wavelength ).

Which will have more lateral displacement ?

Lateral displacement : Factors and formula

16. When light enters from air to glass, it bends toward the normal. If red, blue,
and yellow colours are allowed to enter the same glass block at the same
angle of incidence, then for which colour, the value of i-r, be greater?

17. Assertion: For a glass block, the i vs. r graph is a straight line.
Reason: When a ray of light undergoes refraction, it follows Snell's law.

18.

The above diagram shows a triangular prism used for tracing the path of ray
AB due to the refraction through the prism. Observe the diagram and answer
the following:
a) State the correct eye position from the points P, Q, Rand S to see the
images of the points A and B in the same line through the prism.
b) If the ray, after entering the prism, suffers total internal reflection, then
which would be the appropriate position out of P, Q, R, and S to see the
image due to TIR?

19. ABC is a glass block whose two sides, AB and BC, are at right angles to each
other. A ray of light is incident on the surface AB, as shown in the diagram,
 and suffers total internal reflection before falling on the surface BC. Finally,
the light ray emerges out along the surface BC.

a) What is the angle of incidence at the surface AB?

b) What is the critical angle for the glass block BC?
c) What would happen to the critical angle if the temperature of the glass
block is increased?

20. Two rays PQ and RS are incident on a rectangular glass block as shown in
the diagram. Observe the diagram and answer the questions that follow.
Which of these two rays will :

a) have greater lateral displacement on emerging out of the block?

b) travel with greater speed in the vacuum ?
c) travel with greater speed in the glass and water ?
d) have more refractive index ?
e) have more wavelength ?
f) have more deviation ?

21. When a ray of light is passed through a prism with angle of first and second
refractions are 26º and 32º respectively. Find the value of X by analysing
the graph.

YouTube link of Chapter 5 : REFRACTION THROUGH A LENS

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1. Why convex lens is converging and concave lens is diverging ?

2. a) A spherical lens disappears when dipped in liquid of a specific optical

density.
b) Will there be any refraction.

3. a) Refer to the diagram given below. A lens with two different refractive
indices is shown. If the rays are coming from a distant object, then how
many images will be seen?
b) A glass lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image of an
object kept in front of it. Identify the lens.

4. a) Mixture of red+blue+green is passed through a convex lens as shown in the

diagram below. State whether the ray passes through a single point or
through different points on principle axis after refraction.

b) Name the invisible radiations which can be obtained using quartz prism?
State one use of these radiations.
c) Name one radiations having wavelength longer than the wavelength of these
radiations.

5. A convex lens at times behaves as a concave lens and vice versa.

6. AB is an object and PQ is its real, inverted image. The lengths of AB and PQ

are equal. This is possible when a lens is present between the object and its
image.

a) What kind of lens is used here? Also, state the position of the lens and
where it is to be placed.
b) Name a device where this lens action is used.
7. In plano-convex lens, if the plane surface is treated as spherical surface then
what happens to its radius of curvature ?
8. Is Concavo-convex lens and convexo-concave lens same. Justify your answer.

9. A converging lens has a refractive index 1.5. The radii of curvature of its two
Surfaces are 20 cm and -30 cm. Calculate the focal length of the lens.
( Extra )

10. A lens is placed in water ( any liquid ) instead of air.

a) What happens to focal length of convex lens ?
b) What happens to focal length of concave lens ?
Its negative and becomes more negative . i, e -20 to -30 cm

YouTube link of Chapter 6 : SPECTRUM

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1. ____ of UV> ____ of microwaves

The quantity suitable for filling in both the blanks is:
a) speed in vacuum
b) speed in a medium
c) frequency
d) wavelength.

2. Write any one common properties between gamma and X rays.

3. Which radiation has ( pneumonic )

a) more wavelength
b) more frequency
c) less wavelength
d) less frequency

4. A monochromatic light enters a prism at an angle 48 and undergoes minimum

deviation.
a) How many refractions ? ( Mono or poly )
b) How many dispersions if its monochromatic and polychromatic ?
c) What should are the important things to know about minimum deviation ?
d) How to draw it with or without minimum deviation ?

5. Write one common property of X – ray and microwave.

6. Complete the ray diagram

YouTube link of Chapter 7 : SOUND

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1. Sumit, a teenager, enjoys playing his music loudly. However, his grandmother
consistently lowers the volume of the music player. Analyse the wave to
identify which characteristic of the wave has been altered when the
grandmother reduces the volume.
a) The length PS becomes more.
b) The length SR becomes less.
c) The length QR becomes less.
d) The length PR becomes less.

2.

The above picture shows three cylinders filled with water to a different
extent. The tuning forks L, M and N in vibration produce louder sound
when held above tile mouth of tile cylinders. Which combination is
correct for hearing a louder sound of the tuning fork?
a) L-R,M-Q,N-P
b) L-P, M-Q, N-R
c) L-R,M-P,N-Q
d)L-Q,M-R,N-P

3. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

The frequency of a stretched string is:
a) directly proportional to its length but inversely proportional to the tension
of the wire.
b) inversely proportional to its length but directly proportional to the tension
of the wire.
c) directly proportional to the square root of its length but inversely
proportional to the tension of the wire.
d) inversely proportional to its length but directly proportional to the square
root of the tension of the wire.
4. What is the ratio of wavelengths between P, Q and R?
a) 3:2:1
b) 1:2:3
c) 6:3:2
d) 2:3:6
 5. a) Why bike or car makes rattling sound sometimes and how to avoid it ?
b) Rear view mirror of a motor bike starts vibrating violently when driven at a
particular speed.

6. Why String instruments have hallow or sound box in them ?

7. Identify the characteristics.

a) Loudness of Bass/Base drum and side drum.
b) People over the phone.
c) Loudness of the string with hallow box.
d) Larger sound is heard in case of church bells rather than smaller bells.

8. What are the factors on which the following characteristics of a musical note
depends? a) intensity
b) timbre.

9. Draw a displacement-distance graph for two waves A and B such that

the amplitude of wave A is three times that of wave B.

10. John fires a gun towards a hill and hears its echo after 5 seconds. He then
moves 320 m towards the hill and fires his gun again. This time he hears the
echo after 3 seconds. Calculate the velocity of sound.

11. A vibrating tuning fork is placed over the mouth of a burette filled with
water.
The tap of the burette is opened and the water level gradually starts falling.
It is found that the sound from the tuning fork becomes very loud for a
particular length of the water column.
i) Name the phenomenon taking place when this happens.
ii) Why does the sound become very loud for this length of the water column?

12. A person standing in front of a cliff fires a gun and hears its echo after 3s.
If the speed of sound in air is 336 ms-1.
a) Calculate the distance of the person from the cliff.
b) After moving a certain distance from the cliff, he fires the gun again and
this time the echo is heard 1.5 s later than the first. Calculate distance
moved by the person.

13. A boy tunes a radio channel to a radio station 93.5 MHz.

a) Name and define the scientific wave phenomenon involved in tuning the
radio channel.
b) Name the important characteristics of sound that is affected during this
phenomenon.
c) Convert 93.5 MHz to SI unit.
14. a) Name the waves used for echo depth sounding.
b) Give one reason for their use in the above purpose.

15. Thinner, thicker, longer and short wires, density and their frequency.

16. Flute : holes, length of air column, frequency, pitch, open end and closed
end.

17. If length a string is increased then what happens to amplitude.

18. Different sounds are heard when a bucket of water is placed under a tap of
flowing water.

19. When a hammer strikes a metallic rod, a louder sound is heard as compared
to hammer striking water surface.

20. John is trying to create musical notes using water-filled bottles, as shown in
the picture.

Which of the bottles is likely to produce a musical note with the highest
pitch? Give reasons.

21. When Shyam, the band leader, struck both the bass drum and the kettle
drum with equal force, the bass drum emitted a sound measuring 120dB,
whereas the kettle drum produced a sound of90dB. Explain this discrepancy
in the loudness.

22. Seismic waves have different frequencies. During earthquakes, why are short-
length buildings more prone to damage caused by high-frequency seismic
waves?

YouTube link of Chapter 8 : ELECTRICITY

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1. Given that the resistivity of Gold and Platinum is 2.1x10-8 and 10.5x10-8 ohm
m, respectively, which is the correct statement?
STATEMENT A: 5 metres of platinum wire will have the same resistance as
one metre of gold wire.
STATEMENT B: Gold wire of 1cm radius will have the same resistance as
platinum wire of 5cm radius.
a) Only statement A is correct.
b) Only statement B is correct.
c) Both statements A and B are correct.
d) Both statements A and B are incorrect.

2. If three resistors Ri, R2 and R3 are connected in series and by R1 > R2 > R3,
then what is the relation between the currents I1, I2and I3 respectively
flowing through them?
a) I1= l2=I3
b) I1< l2<I3
c) I1> l2>I3
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
d) 𝐈𝐈𝟏𝟏
< 𝐈𝐈𝟐𝟐
< 𝐈𝐈𝟑𝟑

3.
Calculate the reading of A when
(i) K is closed.
(ii) K is open.

4. If the appliance is rated at 1000 W, 220 V. Can we use a fuse of current

rating 4 A.

5. In Mrs. Pinto’s flat there are 6 bulbs of 100 W each, a heater of 2 kW and 5
fans of 50W each. If these are used everyday as shown below, calculate the
cost of energy consumption for a month of 30 days at the rate of Rs.3.50
per kWh. 6 bulbs of 100 W each used 8 h per day
1 heater of 2 kW used half hour daily
5 fans of 50 W each are used 6 h everyday.

6. Can terminal voltage be greater than e.m.f of a cell. ( Yes / Not at all possible )
Justify your answer.
( relation when, in use, when not in use and while charging )

7. A metal wire has a resistance of 60 Ω. It is cut into three equal lengths. Find
the equivalent resistance when two parts are connected in parallel and the
third part is in series with them.
8. Draw a V-I graph for ohmic resistors.
( Both graphs and identification factors )

9. In the above diagram, calculate the ratio of the resistances A, B, C and D.

10. There are two copper wires of length ratio 1:2 that have their cross-sectional
areas in the ratio 1:4.
What will be the ratio of their: a) resistances?
b) specific resistances?

11. Redraw the diagram by linking points A, B, and C to points X, Y, and Z on the
socket.

12. You are given three resistors of magnitude 3 Q each. You can join them
either in a series or in a parallel combination. How will you arrange them so
that the equivalent resistance would become:
a) maximum
b) minimum
( Your answer must be accompanied by proper mathematical calculations)

13.
 In the given circuit diagram, Meenakshi replaced the ammeter by a voltmeter
by mistake. Will this circuit work?

14. Which one of the switches, SI, S2 or S3, should be opened so that:
a) total resistance is equal to 4 ohms.
b) the total resistance is equal 3 ohms.
c) the current through 4 ohms is 3/5th of the total current.

15.

In the above circuit diagram, calculate the power consumed in the circuit
when:
a) the switch S1 is closed, and the switch S2 is open.
b) the switch S2 is closed, and the switch S1 is open.
c) Both the switches are open.
d) Both the switches are closed.

YouTube link of Chapter 9 : HOUSEHOLD CIRCUITS

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1. Assertion: A switch will serve the purpose of making and breaking a circuit
 when it is connected to the neutral wire.
Reason: Neutral wire is at zero potential.

2. Name the material used for:

(i) Electric fuse.
(ii) Connecting wire.
(iii) Filament of an electric bulb.
(iv) Heating element of an electric toaster.

3. Purvi's friend Tim wants to connect a fuse to his oven. He wants to control
the oven from two different locations. Shown below is his circuit diagram.

a) Which one of the two, A or B should be a live wire?

b) In the event of an overload, will the fuse serve its purpose?
c) What is the meaning of the statement that the bulb is rated 600W, 220 V?

4. If live wire makes an accidental contact with the metal case, which
circuit (A or B) in the diagram, illustrating an electric iron, is considered
safe for the user (Assuming the fuse is present in the live wire in both
circuits)? Justify your answer.

5. Identify and write the other names of the devices.

a) 30 A fuse.
b) 50 A fuse.
c) 284 kwh.

6. It is advisable to use electrical wiring in ring system rather than tree.

7. Plugs and sockets of different ratings can be used in parallel connection but
why not in series connection.

8. The diagram below shows a bulb connected by dual control switches. Observe
the diagrams and answer the questions that follow.
 a) Which of the above circuits will be able to switch ON or switch OFF the bulb
using both switches?
b) At present, in which circuit is the bulb glowing?
c) If we interchange the Land N wires in circuit B, will the circuit work?

YouTube link of Chapter 10 : ELECTRO-MAGNETISM

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1. The given rods will attract each other when:
 a) A and Care connected to positive terminal of the battery.
b) B and C are connected to the positive terminal of the battery.
c) A and D are connected to the positive terminal of the battery.
d) A and D are connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

2. A magnetic compass is present on a small table, very close to the wall in a

room. A man enters the room and switches on the Air Conditioner fitted near
the ceiling. He observes that the needle in the compass shows immediate
deflection. Identify the most probable reason for the deflection.
a) Air blowing in the room.
b) Current starts flowing through AC wire concealed in the adjacent wall.
c) Vibrations are produced when the Man starts talking to his wife in the
kitchen.
d) Vibrations were produced due to a file in his hand that fell on the ground.

3. An induction stove can heat an iron pan very quickly, but it cannot heat a
copper pan. Which of the following is the most logical reason ?
a) Copper are poor conductors of heat.
b) Induction stove produces heat only when a magnetic material is placed on
it.
c) Induction stove generates heat using direct electric current applied to the
pan.
d) Copper has lower specific heat capacity than water.

4. From the diagram given below:

(i) What will you observe when-
(1) the magnet is dropped into the coil.
(2) the number of turns of the coil is increased?
(ii) What will be the direction of current flowing
through the coil when the magnet is dropped in?
(Clockwise or anticlockwise).
(iii) State the law which explains this observation.
 5. i) Draw a simple labelled diagram of the device you would use to transform
230 V AC to 15 V AC.
ii) What is the name of this device?
iii) On what principle does the device work?

6. a) Why can’t we use DC current in transformer ?

b) What happens, if ?

7. The diagram below shows a magnet placed between two coils A and B. The
magnet is moved along the axis towards coil B.
a) State the polarities induced at the ends Q and R of the coil due to the
motion of the magnet.
b) Name the phenomenon due to which the current is induced in the coils.
c) Name the law which helps to find the polarities at the ends Q and R.

8. A magnet is released along the axis of a copper coil as shown in the diagram.

a) State the polarity at the top end of the coil when the magnet leaves the
coil.
b) The direction of the current is from A to B when magnet enters the coil.
What will be the direction of the current when the magnet leaves the coil.
c) Name the law which can be used to determine the direction of the induced
current in the coil?
d) State one way to increase the magnitude of the induced current in the
coil?
9. A transformer is used to change a high alternating e.m.f. to a low alternating
e.m.f. of the same frequency.
a) Identify the type of transformer used for the above purpose.
b) State whether the turns ratio of the above transformer is = 1 or > 1 or < l.

10. Why transformer does not work on a DC supply ?

11. The lamination of the core of a transformer prevents the loss of energy due
to__. ( All the three losses and their causes )
12. Why the efficiency of transformer is not 100% ?

13. Assertion (A): When current is passed through a wire, a magnetic field is
generated around the wire.
Reasoning (R): Whenever there is a change of magnetic flux linked up with the
coil,the induced current is generated in the coil.

14. A straight wire is passed vertically through cardboard sprinkled with iron
filings.
a) When current is passed through the wire in the upward direction, it is seen
that the iron fillings are arranging themselves in a definite pattern. Why?
b) What would happen to this arrangement if more current were passed
through the wire?

15. The diagram below shows a copper conductor placed along the east-west
direction.
Magnetic compass P is present above the conductor, and Q is below the
conductor. If current is passed through the wire from A to B, then which of
the two compasses will show prominent deflection and why?

16. In the given diagram, X represents a conductor carrying current into the
plane of the paper and kept in a magnetic field. N & S represent the poles of a
magnet and concentric circles of the magnetic field produced by the
conductor.
a) State the direction of the force experienced by the conductor.
b) Explain the cause of the above-said force.
c) Name the law used to determine the direction of the force in the
conductor.

17.
The diagram above shows two parallel wires carrying current in the downward
direction. The magnitude of the current in wire A is greater than in wire B. It is
also observed that the wires exert force on each other.
a) State the direction of the force experienced by wire A.
b) Name the law used to come to the conclusion in (a).
c) When a compass is placed in between the two wires, it does not remain along
the direction of the magnetic field wire A or wire B at one of the points
P, Q, or R. State with a reason at which point you will observe this.

YouTube link of Chapter 11 : CALORIMETRY

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( Go to DESCRIPTION BOX to see all the links )
1. Data: mass =l0g quantity of heat supplied =120J rise in temperature= 10° C
STATEMENT A: The heat capacity of the substance is 12 J/kg.
STATEMENT B: The specific heat capacity of the substance is 1.2 J/kg K.
 a) Only statement A is correct.
b) Only statement B is correct.
c) Both statements A and B are correct.
d) Both statements A and B are incorrect.

2. Three metals, A, Band C, are supplied with the same quantity of heat. Their
masses are in the ratio 2:3:4. If they show the same rise in the temperature,
then the ratio of their thermal capacities will be:
a) 1:1:1
b) 4:3:2
c) 2:3:4
d) 2:3:1

3. Two substances, A and B, have the same mass. Substance A has a higher
specific heat capacity than substance B. What consequences would you
expect when these substances are subjected to the same amount of heat
energy?
a) Substance A will experience a smaller temperature change than substance B.
b) Substance A will experience a larger temperature change than substance B.
c) Both substances will experience the same temperature change.
d) Either of them can show a greater change in temperature as the
temperature change depends on factors other than specific heat capacity.

4. Rivers which originate from the glaciers at high altitudes have a supply of
water throughout the year. This is because ice in high mountains does not
melt all at once. This is due to:
a) high specific heat of ice.
b) low specific heat of ice.
c) low specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
d) high specific latent heat of fusion of ice.

5. During the change of state of a substance from solid to liquid, heat is

absorbed by a body, but its temperature does not rise. Which of the
following statements explains the phenomenon?
a) Only K.E of the molecules increases, but P.E remains the same.
b) Only P.E of the molecules increases, but K.E remains the same.
c) Both K.E and P.E of the molecules increase.
d) There is no increase in the P.E and K.E of the molecules.

6. Name a metal commonly used to make a calorimeter. Give a reason to

support your answer.

7. Why is radioactivity considered to be a nuclear phenomenon?

 8. A body of mass ‘ m ’ in kg and change in temperature of ‘ ΔT ’.
State the S.I. unit of specific heat capacity and heat capacity.

9. Which cools faster, Land or Water? Give a reason for your answer.

10. a) What happens to the heat supplied to the substance when the heat
supplied causes no change in the temperature of the substance?
b) What will be the change in the rate of radioactivity if the temperature of
the radioactive substance is raised to four times the initial temperature?

11. Two liquids A and B have specific heat capacities 2.5 Jg-1 C-1 and 3.2 Jg-1 C-1
respectively.
i) Which liquid is a good conductor of heat? Why?
ii) Which liquid is more suitable as a liquid in radiators for cooling?

12. The diagram below shows a cooling curve for a substance:

a) State the temperatures at which the substance condenses.

b) The temperature range in which the substance is in liquid state.
c) Why do we prefer ice to ice-cold water for cooling a drink?

13. The two metals A and B have their specific heat capacities in the ratio 2:3. If
they are supplied the same amount of heat, then
a) which metal piece will show a greater rise in temperature if their masses
are the same?
b) calculate the ratio in which their temperatures rise, if the mass ratio of
metal A and metal Bis 3:5.
14. a) Convert to SI unit: IJ/g Op
b) Why does 1g of water at 0° C have 336J more heat energy than 1g of ice at
0° C?

15. In the physics laboratory, various blocks of materials labelled A and B, each
with masses ranging from 10 grams to 50 grams, are utilised to determine
their respective heat capacities. Subsequently, a graph is plotted to depict
the relationship between the heat capacity and the mass of the materials, as
shown.
 a) Plot a graph illustrating the relationship between the mass and specific
heat capacity of materials A and B.
b) Which material is a relatively better conductor?

16.

In the graph, a given quantity of ice is converted to water.

a) What does the portion AB represent?
b) Why is the portion AB parallel to the time axis?
c) Why is the slope OA steeper than the slope BC?

YouTube link of Chapter 12 : RADIOACTIVITY

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1. Which of the following equations are correctly balanced?
 a) Only D
b) Only C
c) Both A & B
d) Both C & D

2. Show by equations, the effect on the proton number Z and mass number A
of the parent nucleus brought about by the two types of radioactive decay.

3. State one industrial use of a, b and Y radiation.

4. A radioactive substance is oxidized. What change would you expect to

take place in the nature of its radioactivity? Give a suitable reason.

5. A radioactive nucleus X emits an alpha particle followed by two beta particles

to form nucleus Y.
a) With respect to the element X, where would you position the element Y in
the periodic table?
b) What is the general name of the element X and Y.
c) If the atomic number of Y is 80 then what is the atomic number of X?
6. a) Copy and complete the following nuclear reaction.

b) What will be the effect on the radiation X, emitted in the above reaction
when it is allowed to pass through an electric field?

7. Which radiation has highest penetrating power ?

8. In a gold atom ( atomic number 79), an electron revolves around the nucleus
in a circular orbit. There is a strong electrostatic force between the positively
charged nucleus and the negatively charged electron. Though the total
positive charge possessed by the nucleus is much higher than the negative
charge of the electron, there is no displacement of the electron in the
direction of the force.
a) Name the force responsible for the movement of the electron around the
nucleus in its own orbit.
b) In the absence of such force, what would happen to the movement of the
electron?

9. The graph illustrates the correlation between the number of protons (x-axis) and
the number of neutrons (y-axis) for element C in the periodic table. The
element is denoted by letters rather than their conventional symbols. When
 element C, depicted in the graph, undergoes radioactive decay, it releases
radioactive rays.

a) Write the chemical symbol along with the mass number and atomic number
for the element denoted as 'C'.
b) Plot on the graph,
i. The daughter element after the emission of beta radiation by the
element 'C'.
ii. The daughter element, as indicated in the previous answer, if it
undergoes alpha decay.

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