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SABHYA ACADEMY
Topic: Simple Probability
Class: XII (Mathematics)

Q.1) A and B are two mutually exclusive events of an experiment. If P ('not A')= 0.65, P
(A∪B)=0.65 and P(B)=p,find the value of p.
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Q.2) A and B are two non-mutually exclusive events. If P (A) =4 , 𝑃 (𝐵) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 P
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(A∪B)= 2,find the values of P (A∩B) and P (A∩B).
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Q.3) If E and F are two events such that P (E)=4, P(F)=2 and P(E and F)= 8 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 (i) P ( E or F)
(ii) P (not E and not F).
Q.4) The probability that at least one of the events A and B occurs is 0.6. If A and B occur
simultaneously with probability 0.2, then find P(A) + P (B).
Q.5) The probability of two events A and B are 0.25 and 0.50 respectively. The probability of
their simultaneous occurrence is 0.14. Find the probability that neither A nor B occurs.
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Q.6) The probability that a person will get an electric contract is 5 and the probability that he
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will not get plumbing contract is 7 . If the probability of getting at least one contract is 3, what is
the probability that he will get both?
Q.7) In class XI of a school, 40% of the students study Mathematics and 30% study Biology.
10% of the class study both Mathematics and Biology. If a student is selected at random from
the class, find the probability that he will be studying Mathematics or Biology or both.
Q.8) Two students Anil and Ashima appeared in an examination. The probability that Anil will
qualify the examination is 0.05 and that Ashima will qualify the examination is 0.10. The
probability that both will qualify the examination is 0.02. Find the probability that:
i. both Anil and Ashima will not qualify the exam.
ii. at least one of them will not qualify the exam.
iii. only one of them will qualify the exam.
Q.9) Figure 32.6 shows three events A, B and C and also the probabilities of the various
intersections (for instance P (A∩B)=0.07) determine
i. P(A) iv. P (A∩B) vi. Probability of
ii. P (B∩C) v. P (B∩C) exactly one of the
iii. P(A∪B) three events.
Q.10) A team of medical students doing their internship have to assist during surgeries at a city
hospital. The probabilities of surgeries rated as very complex, complex, routine, simple and

Sabhya Academy 24/57-B, Tilak Nagar, Delhi-18 M. No. 8447779005

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very simple are respectively 0.15, 0.20, 0.31, 0.26, 0.08. Find the probabilities that a particular
surgery will be rated
i. Complex or very complex iii. routine or complex
ii. neither very complex nor very iv. routine or simple.
simple
Q.11) The probability of simultaneous occurrence of at least one of two events A and B is p. If
the probability that exactly one of A, B occurs is q, then prove that P(A)+P(B)=2-2p+q.

Topic: Conditional Probability

Q.12) A coin is tossed three times. Find P (E/F) in each of the following:
i. E = Head on the third toss, F = Heads on first two tosses
ii. E = At least two heads, F = At most two heads
iii. E = At most two tails, F = At least one tail
Q.13) Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture. Find P (A/B), if A and Bare
defined as follows:
A = Son on one end, B = Father in the middle
Q.14) A couple has two children. Find the probability that
i. both the children are boys, if it is known that the older child is a boy.
ii. both the children are girls, if it is known that the older child is a girl.
iii. both the children are boys, if it is known that at least one of the children is a boy.
Q.15) A pair of dice is thrown. If the two numbers appearing on them are different, find the
probability (i) the sum of the numbers is 6 (ii) the sum of the numbers is 4 or less (iii) the sum
of the numbers is 4
Q.16) A fair dice js rolled. Consider the following events:
A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 3}, and C = {2, 3, 4,5}. Find
i. P (A/B) and P (B/A)
ii. P (A∪B/C) and P (A∩B/C)
iii. P (A/C) and P (C/A)
iv. P (A∩B/C)

Q.17) A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. What is
the probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once?
Q.18) A die is thrown three times. Events A and B are defined as below:
A = Getting 4 on third die, B= Getting 6 on the first and 5 on the second throw
Find the probability of A given that B has already occurred.
Q.19) A black and a red dice are rolled in order. Find the conditional probability of obtaining

Sabhya Academy 24/57-B, Tilak Nagar, Delhi-18 M. No. 8447779005

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i. a sum grater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5.

ii. a sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.

Q20) Consider the experiment of throwing a die, if a multiple of 3 comes up, throw the die
again and if any other number comes, toss a coin. Find the conditional probability of the event
'the coin shows a tail' given that 'at least one die shows a three'.
Q.21) EXAMPLE 12 In a school, there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known
that out of 430, 10% of the girls study in class XII. What is the probability that a student chosen
randomly studies in class XII given that the chosen student is a girl?
Q22) An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True/false questions, 200
difficult True/False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple
choice questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the
probability that it will be any easy question given that it is a multiple choice question?
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Q.23) Evaluate P (A∪B), if 2P (A) = P(B)= 13 andP(A/B)=5

Q.24) Two integers are selected at random from integers 1 to 11. If the sum is even, find
probability that both the numbers are odd.
Q.25) A fair die is rolled. Consider the events A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 3} andC = {2, 3, 4, 5}. Find
i. P (A/B) and P (B/A)
ii. P (A/C) and P (C/A)
iii. P (A∪B/C) and P (A∩B/C)
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Q.26) Three events A, B and C have probabilities 5 , 3 and 2 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
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P(A∩C)=5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 4 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑃 (𝐶/𝐵) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶).
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Q.27) If P (A)=8, P (B)=2and P(A∩B) =4 ,find P(A/B) and P(B/A).

Q.28) The probability that a student selected at random from a class will pass in Mathematics
is 4/5, and the probability that he/she passes in Mathematics and Computer Science is 1/2.
What is the probability that he/ she will pass in Computer Science if it is known that he/she
has passed in Mathematics?
Q.29) The probability that a certain person will buy a shirt is 0.2, the probability that he will
buy a trouser is 0.3, and the probability that he will buy a shirt given that he buys a trouser is
0.4. Find the probability that he will buy both a shirt and a trouser. Find also the probability
that he will buy a trouser given that he buys a shirt.
Q.30) In a school there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known that out of
430, 10% of the girls study in class XII. What is the probability that a student chosen randomly
studies in class XII given that the chosen student is a girl?
Q.31) Ten cards numbered 1 through 10 are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then one
card is drawn randomly. If it is known that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, what
is the probability that it is an even number?

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Q.32) 10% of the bulbs produced in a factory are red colour and 2% are red and defective. If
one bulb is picked at random, determine the probability of its being defective if it is red.
Q.33) Consider a random experiment in which a coin is tossed and if the coin shows head it is
tossed again but if it shows a tail then a die is tossed. If 8 possible outcomes are equally likely,
find the probability that the die shows a number greater than 4 if it is known that the first
throw of the coin results in a tail.
Q.34) A bag contains 3 red and 4 black balls and another bag has 4 red and 2 black balls. One
bag is selected at random and from the selected bag a ball is drawn. Let A be the event that the
first bag is selected, B be the event that the second bag is selected and C be the event that the
ball drawn is red. Find P(A), P(B), P (C/A) and P (C/B).
Q.35) A committee of 4 students is selected at random from a group consisting of 8 boys and 4
girls. Given that there is at least one girl in the committee, calculate the probability that there
are exactly 2 girls in the committee.
Q.36)0020 An instructor has a test bank consisting of 300 easy True/False questions, 200
difficult True/False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions (MCQ) and 400 difficult
multiple choice questions. If a questions is selected at random from the test bank, what is the
probability that it will be an easy question given that it is a multiple choice question.
Q.37) In a hostel 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and
20 % read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random.
i. Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English news papers.
ii. If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads English newspaper.
iii. If she reads English newspaper, find the probability that she reads Hindi newspaper.
Q.38) An electronic assembly consists of two sub-systems say A and B. From previous testing
procedures, the following probabilities are assumed to be known.
P (A fails)=0.2, P (B fails alone)=0.15, P (A and B fail) =0.15.
Evaluate the following probabilities:
i. P (A fails/B has failed)
ii. P (A fails alone)
Q.39) Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head toss it again but if it
shows tail then throw a die. Find the conditional probability of the event 'the die shows a
number greater than 4, given that 'there is at least one tail'.

Sabhya Academy 24/57-B, Tilak Nagar, Delhi-18 M. No. 8447779005