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Sabhya Academy
Topic: Vector
Class: XII (Mathematics)

Q.1) Find λ and μ , if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 27𝑘̂) × (𝑖̂ + λ𝑗̂ + μ𝑘̂) = ⃗0.
2
Q.2) For any vector 𝑎, prove that |𝑎 × 𝑖̂|2 + |𝑎 × 𝑗̂|2 + |𝑎 × 𝑘̂| = 2|𝑎|2
Q.3) If r = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑖̂, find the value of (𝑟 × 𝑖̂) ∙ (𝑟 × 𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑦.
Q.4) Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑏⃗,
where 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂.
Q.5) Find a vector of magnitude 9, which is perpendicular to both the vectors
4 î − ĵ + 3k̂ and − 2î + ĵ − 2k̂
Q.6) Let 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂. Find a vector 𝑑 which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 . 𝑑 = 1.
Q.7) Find the area of the parallelogram determined by the vectors 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ +
3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.
Q.8) 𝐼𝑓 a⃗, ⃗b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC,
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show that the area of triangle ABC is |a⃗ × ⃗b + ⃗b × c + c × a⃗| Deduce the
2
⃗ , c to be collinear.
condition for points a⃗, b
Q.9) Prove that the points A, B and C with position vectors a⃗, ⃗b and c respectively
are collinear if and only if 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ + 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 + 𝑐 × 𝑎 = ⃗0.
Q.10) 𝐼𝑓 a⃗, ⃗b, c are three vectors such that 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = ⃗0, then prove that
𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = 𝑐 × 𝑎
Q.11) 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑐 = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ are given vectors, then find a vector 𝑏⃗
satisfying the equations 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 3.
⃗ , c are three non-zero vectors such that 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐 and 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = 𝑎 ;
Q.12) 𝐼𝑓 a⃗, b
prove that a⃗, ⃗b, c are mutually at right angles such that | 𝑏⃗ | =1 and | 𝑐⃗⃗ | =| 𝑎 |.

Q.13) Let 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 4𝑖̂ − 3 𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ be three vectors.

Find a vector 𝑟 which satisfies 𝑟 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐 × 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 ∙ 𝑎 = 0.

Q.14) For any three vectors a⃗, ⃗b, c. Show that.

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𝑎 × (𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 ) + 𝑏⃗ × (𝑐 + 𝑎) + 𝑐 × (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) = ⃗0

Q.15) Let 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂. Find a
vector 𝑑 which is perpendicular to both 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗ and 𝑐 ∙ 𝑑 = 15.

Q.16) Let 𝑎 = 4𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂. Find a vector 𝑑
which is perpendicular to both 𝑐 and 𝑏⃗ and 𝑑 ∙ 𝑎 =21.
Q.17) The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂.
Find the unit vector parallel to one of its diagonals. Also, find its area.
Q.18) If 𝑎 is any vector, then (𝑎 ×𝑖̂)2 + (𝑎 × 𝑗̂)2 +(𝑎 × 𝑘̂)2 =
a) 𝑎2 c) 3𝑎2
b) 2𝑎2 d) 4𝑎2

Q.19) The vector 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖 + 4𝑘 is to be written as the sum of a vector 𝛼 parallel to

𝑎=𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ and a vector 𝛽 perpendicular to 𝑎. Then 𝛼 =
3 1
a) (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) c) (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)
2 2
2 1
b) (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) d) (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)
3 3

Q.20)
i. Write the value (𝑖̂ × 𝑗̂) ∙ 𝑘̂ + 𝑖̂ ∙ 𝑗̂.
ii. Write the value of 𝑖̂ ∙ (𝑗̂ × 𝑘̂) + 𝑗̂ ∙ (𝑘̂ × 𝑖̂) + 𝑘̂ ∙ (𝑗̂ × 𝑖̂).
iii. Write the value of 𝑖̂ ∙ (𝑗̂ × 𝑘̂) + 𝑗̂ ∙ (𝑘̂ × 𝑖̂) + 𝑘̂ ∙ (𝑖̂ × 𝑗̂).
iv. Write the value of 𝑖̂ × (𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) + 𝑗̂ × (𝑘̂ + 𝑖̂) + 𝑘̂ × (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂).

Q.21) For any two vectors 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗, find 𝑎 ∙ (𝑏⃗ × 𝑎).

Q.22) For any three vectors 𝑎, 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 write the value of 𝑎 × (𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 ) + 𝑏⃗ × (𝑐 +
𝑎) + 𝑐 × (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗).

Q.23) 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗ are unit vectors such that 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ is also a unit vector, find the
angle between 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗.
Q.24) If 𝑎 is a unit vector such that 𝑎 × 𝑖̂ = 𝑗̂, find 𝑎̂. 𝑖̂.

Q.25) Write the angle between the vectors 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗ × 𝑎.

Q.26) If a line makes angles of 90°, 60° and 30° with the positive direction of x, y,
and z-axis respectively, find its direction cosines.
Q.27) If a line has direction ratios 2, −1, −2, determine its direction cosines.
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Q.28) Find the direction cosines of the line passing through two points
(−2, 4, −5) and (1, 2, 3).
Q.29) The distance of the point P (a, b, c) from the x-axis is

a) √𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 c) √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
b) √𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 d) None
𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
Q.30) If a line makes angles , , with x, y, z axes respectively, then its direction
2 4 4
cosines are ________.
Q.31) If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive directions of the coordinate axes,
then the value of cos 2𝛼+cos 2𝛽+cos 2𝛾 is _____
Q.32) If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive directions of the coordinate axes,
then the value of sin2 a + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 is _______ .
𝜋
Q.33) If a line makes an angle with each of y and z-axes, then the angle which it
4
makes with x-axis, is _______.
𝜋 𝜋
Q.34) A unit vector making angle with x-axis, with y-axis and an acute angle
4 3
with z-axis is _________.
1 1 1
Q.35) If , , are direction cosines of a line, then the values of c are ______.
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐

Q.36)
a) What are the direction cosines of X-axis?
b) What are the direction cosines of Y-axis?
c) What are the direction cosines of Z-axis?
Q.37) Find the vector equation of a line which passes through the point with
position vector 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ and is in the direction of 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂. Also, reduce it to
cartesian form.
Q.38) Find the vector equation of a line passing through a point with position
vector 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, and parallel to the line joining the points −𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ +
2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂. Also, find the cartesian equivalent of this equation.
Q.39) The cartesian equations of a line are 6𝑥 − 2 = 3𝑦 + 1 = 2𝑧 − 2. Find
its direction ratios and also find vector equation of the line.
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
Q.40) Find the point on the line = = at a distance of 3√2 from the
3 2 2
point (1,2,3)
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4−𝑥 𝑦 1−𝑧
Q.41) Find the direction cosines of the line = = Also, reduce it to vector
2 6 3
form.
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
Q.42) Find the points on the line = = at a distance of 5 units from the
3 2 2
point P (1, 3, 3).
Q.43) The cartesian equations of a line are 3𝑥 + 1 = 6𝑦 − 2 = 1 − 𝑧. Find the
fixed point through which it passes, its direction ratios and also its vector
equation.
Q.44) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point A (1, 2, −1)
and parallel to the line 5𝑥 − 25 = 14 − 7𝑦 = 35𝑧.
Q.45) Find the angle between the lines
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑥−1 2𝑦+3 𝑧+5
= , 𝑧 = 2 and = = .
3 −2 1 3 2

Q.46) A line passes through (2, - 1, 3) and is perpendicular to the liner = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ +
𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂). Obtain its equation.
Q.47) Find the value of h so that the lines
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 𝑧−3 7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧
𝑙1 : = = and 𝑙2 : = = are at right angle. Also, find the
3 2𝜆 2 3𝜆 1 5
equations of a line passing through the point (3, 2, −4) and parallel to line 𝑙1 .
Q.48) Find the equations of the line passing through the point (-1, 2, 1) and
2𝑥−1 3𝑦+5 2−𝑧
parallel to the line = = .
4 2 3

Q.49) Find the equations of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑧 𝑦 𝑧
perpendicular to the lines = = and = = ’
1 2 3 −3 2 5

Q.50) Find the equation of the line passing through the point 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and
perpendicular to the lines 𝑟 = 𝑖̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + 𝜇 (𝑖̂ +
𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂).
Q.51) Determine the equations of the line passing through the point (1, 2, - 4) and
𝑥−8 𝑦+9 𝑧−10 𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
perpendicular to the two lines = = and = =
8 −16 7 3 8 −5

Q.52) Find the value of A so that the following lines are perpendicular to each
𝑥−5 2−𝑦 1−𝑧 𝑥 2𝑦+1 1−𝑧
other. = = , = =
5𝜆+2 5 −1 1 4𝜆 −3
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
Q.53) Show that the line = = and = =z intersect. Find their point
2 3 4 5 2
of intersection.
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𝑥−1 𝑦 +1 𝑧−1 𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧+1

Q.54) Show that the lines = = and = = do not intersect.
3 2 5 4 3 −2

Q.55) Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the
𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧 𝜋
line = = at angle of each.
2 1 1 3
𝑥+3
Q.56) Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point (0, 2, 3) on the line =
5
𝑦−1 𝑧+4
= . Also, find the length of the perpendicular.
2 3

Q.57) Find the length of the perpendicular from the point (1, 2, 3) to the line
𝑥−6 𝑦−7 𝑧−7
= = .
3 2 −2

Q.58) Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ to the
line 𝑟 = (11𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(10𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 11𝑘̂). Also, find the length of the
perpendicular.
𝑥 𝑦 −1 𝑧 −2
Q.59) Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line = = Also, write the
1 2 3
equation of the line joining the given point and its image and find the length of
the segment joining the given point and its image.
Q.60) Find the shortest distance between the lines 𝑟 = (4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂)
and 𝑟 = (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂)
Q.61) Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are
𝑟 = (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂) and, 𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂) + 𝜇(4𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂)
Q.62) The direction ratios of the line x - y + z -5 = 0 =x - 3y - 6 are proportional
to
3 1 −2
a) 3,1,-2 c) , ,
√14 √14 √14
b) 2, -4, 1 2 −4 1
d) , ,
√42 √41 √41

Q.63) The equation of y-axis in space is

a) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 c) 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0
b) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 d) 𝑦 = 0