LESSON PLAN

4As LESSON PLAN IN ENGLISH

I. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
A. define the different types of evidence;
B. identify the different types of evidence; and
C. analyze a text using the types of evidence.

II. Subject Matter

Lesson : Relevance and Worth of Ideas
Topic : Types of Evidence
Materials : PowerPoint Presentation,
References : English Learner’s Materials 9

[Link]

 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance
 Review

A. Motivation
Instruction: Pictures will be shown to the students, below with it are scrambled
words. The students will work together to unscramble the words.

ATISSTCALTI ESTIMONTALI
(STATISTICAL) (TESTIMONIAL)

LOANACALGI ANECTADOL
(ANALOGICAL) (ANECDOTAL)

B. Activity
The students will analyze the picture and answer the following questions.

C. Analysis
The teacher will ask the students with the following questions:
1. What do you think happened in the picture?
2. What types of evidence can you see in the picture?
(For example: objects, people, photos, documents)
3. Which piece of evidence do you think is the strongest? Why?

D. Abstraction
The teacher will introduce the new lesson. During the discussion, the students will
be called to share also their ideas and additional inputs about the topic.

TYPES OF EVIDENCE
1. Statistical Evidence- it is known as the strongest type of evidence. It
comes in a form of number, percentage, or surveyed type of data.
Example: a. 75% of woman in Tayabas City…
b. 8 out of 10 pediatricians recommend…
c. 16 members of the legislative agreed upon…
2. Testimonial Evidence- statements of truth from a certain person made
under oath in a court or testimonies offered to prove the truth of the matter.
However, experts and authorities can also be used to collect testimonial
evidence.
Example: a. Heart Evangelista, a well-known actress and fashion buff,
recommends that Olay lotion is good on our skin.
b. A witness testifies, “I saw the defendant stab the victim with a
knife.
3. Anecdotal Evidence- it is often dismissed as untrustworthy and
meaningless. When the speaker does storytelling, anecdotal evidence is
utilized.
Example: After living for decades in Quezon, I can honestly say that the
people there are kind and hospitable.
4. Analogical Evidence- it is regarded as the weakest evidence. When
 information about something is scarce and little is known, analogical
evidence is often used in a formal argument to increase credibility of the
proof.
Example: If we are going to ban firearms, we should also ban cars
because they cause many more deaths than firearms do.

E. Application
The students will be grouped into three. Each group must select two (2) members
who will present their answers.
Directions: Read the article and identify examples of evidence in the article.
Write it on ½ paper (crosswise).

GROUP 1:
Many students struggle to stay focused during early morning classes. Some
educators believe this is because teenagers are not biologically ready to learn so
early in the day. Studies show that teens need about 8–10 hours of sleep each
night, yet statistics indicate that over 70% of high school students get fewer than
8 hours on school nights. As a result, lack of sleep has been linked to lower
grades, slower reaction times, and difficulty concentrating in class.

GROUP 2:
Several schools that changed their start times have reported improvements. At
one high school, attendance increased by 12% after the school day was pushed
back by an hour. Teachers at the school said students appeared more alert and
participated more during lessons. One teacher explained, “I’ve noticed fewer
students falling asleep in class, and discussions are much more active than
before.”

GROUP 3:
Students have shared similar experiences. One student said that when their
school experimented with a later start time, they felt more energized and less
stressed throughout the day. Learning while exhausted, the student explained, is
like trying to use a phone with a nearly dead battery — it technically works, but
not very well. Supporters of later start times argue that giving students more rest
allows them to perform closer to their full potential.

Answer:
Anecdotal Evidence
  “One student said that when their school experimented with a later start time,
they felt more energized and less stressed throughout the day.”

Testimonial Evidence
 “Teachers at the school said students appeared more alert and participated more
during lessons.”
 “One teacher explained, ‘I’ve noticed fewer students falling asleep in class, and
discussions are much more active than before.’”

Statistical Evidence
 “Studies show that teens need about 8–10 hours of sleep each night.”
 “Statistics indicate that over 70% of high school students get fewer than 8 hours
of sleep on school nights.”
 “Attendance increased by 12% after the school day was pushed back by an
hour.”

Analogical Evidence
 “Learning while exhausted… is like trying to use a phone with a nearly dead
battery — it technically works, but not very well.”

F. Evaluation

The students will answer the following item.

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Identify the type of evidence being
used. Write SE for Statistical Evidence, TE if it is Testimonial Evidence, A for
Anecdotal Evidence, and AE if the statement is Analogical Evidence.

1. According to a national survey, 68% of students reported feeling tired

during their first two classes of the day.
2. A principal stated, “After changing our school schedule, we saw noticeable
improvements in student behavior.”
3. One student shared that they felt more confident in class after getting
more sleep each night.
4. Trying to learn without enough sleep is like trying to run a marathon
without training.
5. Research shows that students who sleep at least eight hours score higher
on average on exams.
6. A teacher explained that students participate more in discussions when
they are well-rested.
7. A parent described how their child’s mood improved after the school
adjusted its start time.
 8. School records indicate a 15% decrease in tardiness after the new
schedule was introduced.
9. Learning while exhausted is similar to driving a car with an empty gas tank
— it may move, but it won’t go far.
10. A school counselor said that students appear less stressed and more
focused throughout the day.

Answer key:

1. SE — Statistical Evidence
2. TE — Testimonial Evidence
3. A — Anecdotal Evidence
4. AE — Analogical Evidence
5. SE — Statistical Evidence
6. TE — Testimonial Evidence
7. A — Anecdotal Evidence
8. SE — Statistical Evidence
9. AE — Analogical Evidence
10. TE — Testimonial Evidence

G. Assignment
Directions: Search about the difference between opinion and argument. Write
important key points in your notebook.

Prepared by:
LEHANIE B. ABDUL
Discussant

Checked by:
HANINA M. ALI
Critique Teacher