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Thiếu science questions
Thiếu listening
Question 17.1 Bear A is the best suited for the cold. Its large size is an adaptive trait that
helps keep body heat. Bear C is the least suited because it is small.
Question 17.2
● Most Sooty: Habitat B (Because dark moths are common here).
● Least Sooty: Habitat A (Because light moths are common here). The color of the
moth is a beneficial variation depending on the background. Natural selection helps
the hidden moths survive.
Question 17.3 To see if a trait is heritable, we look at the offspring (babies). If the babies
inherit the trait from their parents, it can lead to evolution.
Question 17.4 Yes, this is an example of natural selection (sexual selection). The red band
becomes a beneficial variation. It helps the male birds find a mate and pass on their genes.
Question 17.5 No, this is likely not biological evolution. The change happened very fast. It is
probably due to better nutrition, not a change in the genes.
Question 17.6 Natural selection produced small animals because islands have limited food.
A small body is an adaptive trait to survive with less food. This helps the species adapt to the
island environment.
Question 17.7 Yes, being less colorful is an adaptive trait for females. They need to hide
while sitting on the nest. Bright colors would be a harmful variation because predators could
see them easily.
Question 17.8 Biologists believe humans and chimps share a common ancestor. Humans
did not evolve directly from chimps or gorillas living today. We are related, like cousins.
Question 17.9 They are similar because they both select specific traits.
● In natural selection, the environment selects the traits that help survival.
● In artificial selection, humans choose the traits they want.
Question 17.10 I agree. The green insect uses its color to adapt and hide in the lettuce. This
is camouflage. Poisonous insects usually have bright colors to warn predators.
Question 17.11 Yes, egg color is an adaptive trait. For example, birds that nest on the
ground have spotted eggs to hide from predators. Natural selection shapes the color to
match the surroundings.
Listening
Part B
1. The definition of evolution consists of the net change in organisms and the span of
many generations. The first part implies mechanisms like natural selection, and the
second implies that the process involves reproduction and takes a long time.
2. Recombination occurs when chromosomes from parents swap DNA parts during
reproduction. This process creates unique gene combinations for every individual,
which explains why siblings do not look identical.
3. Mutations are DNA changes that can be neutral, good, or bad. Most are neutral and
cause no change. Good mutations aid survival, such as camouflage, while bad
mutations cause diseases or weakness.
4. Natural selection is a process where the environment selects traits that help an
organism survive and reproduce best. Survivors pass these beneficial traits to their
offspring, which changes the population over generations.
5. The main difference is that natural selection is driven by the environment, whereas
artificial selection is driven by human choice. A clear example is how humans bred
wolves with loyal traits to create modern dogs.
6. Genetic drift is evolution driven by luck or chance events rather than fitness. It
happens when a natural disaster randomly removes part of a population or when a
group becomes isolated in a new location.
7. Speciation happens when a physical barrier separates a population, causing them to
adapt to different environments until they become distinct species. The text uses the
example of Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands, which evolved different beaks
to eat specific foods.
8. Scientists currently study evolution by analyzing the fossil record and by breeding
simple organisms like bacteria and flies in laboratories. This research helps explain
how life developed its incredible diversity over 4 billion years.