1) Burning of Magnesium Ribbon
a) Chemical Equation:
i) 2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → 2MgO(s)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Combination reaction
ii) Exothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Magnesium burns with a dazzling white flame.
ii) Heat and light are produced.
iii) A white powder is formed.
d) Product Formed:
i) Magnesium oxide (MgO) — white solid
2) Reaction between Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide
a) Chemical Equation:
i) Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI₂(s) + 2KNO₃(aq)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Double displacement reaction
ii) Precipitation reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) A bright yellow precipitate appears immediately.
ii) An insoluble solid is formed.
d) Products Formed:
i) Lead iodide (PbI₂) — yellow precipitate
ii) Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) — aqueous solution
3) Reaction of Zinc with Dilute Acid
a) Chemical Equations:
i) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
ii) Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Single displacement reaction
ii) Exothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Bubbles of hydrogen gas are formed.
ii) Zinc gradually dissolves.
iii) The test tube becomes warm.
d) Products Formed:
i) Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) or Zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄)
ii) Hydrogen gas (H₂)
4) Reaction of Iron with Steam
a) Chemical Equation:
i) 3Fe(s) + 4H₂O(g) → Fe₃O₄(s) + 4H₂(g)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Redox reaction
ii) Single displacement reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Hot iron reacts with steam.
ii) Hydrogen gas is evolved.
d) Products Formed:
i) Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe₃O₄)
ii) Hydrogen gas (H₂)
5) Formation of Methanol
a) Chemical Equation:
i) CO(g) + 2H₂(g) → CH₃OH(l)
(High pressure ~340 atm, catalyst)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Combination reaction
ii) Redox reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Carbon monoxide reacts with hydrogen under high pressure.
ii) Methanol is formed.
d) Product Formed:
i) Methanol (CH₃OH)
6) Photosynthesis
a) Chemical Equation:
i) 6CO₂(aq) + 6H₂O(l) → C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + 6O₂(aq)
(Sunlight, Chlorophyll)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Combination reaction
ii) Endothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Carbon dioxide and water react in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
ii) Glucose and oxygen are formed.
d) Products Formed:
i) Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
ii) Oxygen (O₂)
7) Heating of Ferrous Sulphate Crystals
a) Chemical Equations:
i) FeSO₄·7H₂O(s) → FeSO₄(s) + 7H₂O(g)
ii) 2FeSO₄(s) → Fe₂O₃(s) + SO₂(g) + SO₃(g)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Decomposition reaction
ii) Endothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) Green crystals turn white on losing water of crystallisation.
ii) The crystalline nature is lost and becomes powdery.
iii) On further heating, it turns brown.
iv) Pungent gases are evolved.
d) Products Formed:
i) Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃)
ii) Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
iii) Sulphur trioxide (SO₃)
iv) Water vapour (H₂O)
8) Thermal Decomposition of Limestone
a) Chemical Equation:
i) CaCO₃(s) —Heat→ CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Decomposition reaction (thermal)
ii) Endothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) On heating, limestone breaks down.
ii) Carbon dioxide gas is released.
iii) A solid residue called quick lime is left behind.
iv)It has many uses – one is in the manufacture of cement.
d) Products Formed:
i) Calcium oxide (CaO) — quick lime (solid)
ii) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) — gas
9) Heating of Lead Nitrate
a) Chemical Equation:
i) 2Pb(NO₃)₂(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
b) Type of Reaction:
i) Decomposition reaction
ii) Endothermic reaction
c) What happens (Effects):
i) On heating, lead nitrate decomposes.
ii) Brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas are evolved.
iii) A yellow solid residue is left behind.
iv) Oxygen gas is also released.
d) Products Formed:
i) Lead(II) oxide (PbO) — yellow solid
ii) Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) — brown gas
iii) Oxygen (O₂) — gas