Problem Solution: Equation

1. Solve the following system of linear equations using Cramer's rule:

5x-y+2z=9

3x+6y-5z=0

Solution: The given of the system equation can be represented in the following matrix notations-

[ ][ ] [ ]

The solution is given by

[ ]= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( )= ( ) ( ) ( )=
=
=

[ ]= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( )= ( ) ( ) ( )=
=
=

[ ]= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( ( ))= ( ) ( ) ( )=
=
=
The determinants of the coefficients of x, y and z are given by

D [ ]= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( )= ( ) ( ) ( )=
=
 =

Therefore,

Thus, the values of x=1, y=2 and z=3.

Inverse Matrix Method: The given of the system equation can be represented in the following
matrix notations-

[ ][ ] [ ]

Let,

[ ] ,[ ] [ ]

Then, the matrix notations would be the following-


( )
| |

Now, | | [ ]

= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( )
=
=
=
and, Adj A Transpose of the cofactors of the element of matrix A.
 =[ ]

=[ ]

Now, co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )
 ( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Therefore, Adj A=[ ]

=[ ]

( )
| |

[ ][ ]

[ ]

[ ]
 [ ]

Therefore, [ ] [ ]which means that x=1, y=2, and z=3.

Answer: (x,y,z)=(1,2,3)

2. Three persons buy cold drinks of different brands A, B, C. The first person buys 12 bottles of
A, 5 bottles of B, 3 bottles of C. The second person buys 4 bottles of A, 6 bottles of B, and
10 bottles of C. The third person buys 6 bottles of A, 7 bottles of B, and 9 bottles of C.
Represent the information in the form of a matrix.
If each bottle of A brand costs BDT 4, each bottle of B brand costs BDT 5, and each bottle of
brand C costs BDT 6, then using matrix operations find the total sum of money spent
individually by the three persons for purchase of cold drinks.

Solution: Let, P is the matrix representing the purchase of three drinks (A, B, and C) by three
persons ( ) as the following-

[ ]

and, the costs of three brands is denoted by a matrix Q as the following-

[ ]

Therefore, the amount of money to be spent individually by three persons can be derived by
multiplying both P and Q is the following-

[ ] [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Therefore, the total expenditures by three persons are BDT. 91, 106, and 113 respectively.
 Answer: ( , , )= ( )

3. Three persons buy cold drinks of different brands A, B, C. The first person buys 10 bottles of
A, 8 bottles of B, 2 bottles of C. The second person buys 5 bottles of A, 8 bottles of B, and 4
bottles of C. The third person buys 6 bottles of A, 5 bottles of B, and 4 bottles of C.
Represent the information in the form of a matrix.
If the price of each bottle of A brand is BDT 10, B brand is BDT 8 and C brand is BDT 9;
and the costs of each bottle of brand A is BDT 8, brand B is 6, and brand C is 7, then using
matrix operations find the total profit/ benefit received by the salesperson from the three
persons for purchasing of cold drinks.

Solution: Let, P is the matrix representing the purchase of three drinks (A, B, and C) by three
persons ( ) as the following-

[ ]

The price of three brands is denoted by a matrix Q as the following-

[ ]

and, the costs of three brands is denoted by a matrix Q as the following-

[ ]

Therefore, the revenue of the salesperson from the three persons can be derived by
multiplying both P and Q is the following-

[ ] [ ]

[ ]

[ ]
 On the other hand, the costs of the three persons can be derived by multiplying both P and R
is the following-

[ ] [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Therefore, the total profit/ benefit received by the salesperson can be derived by subtracting
PR from PQ is the following-

[ ] [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

The total benefits received from the three persons are BDT. 40, 34, and 30 respectively.
Answer: ( , , )= ( )

4. An automobile manufacturer uses three different types of trucks , and to transport the
number of station wagons (S), full size (F) and intermediate size (I) cars as shown in the
following matrix:

Trucks
[ ]

Using the inverse of the matrix, determine the number of trucks of each type required to
supply 58 station wagons, 75 full-size and 62 intermediate-size cars to a dealer in City A.

If a dealer in City B orders 46 station wagons, 60 full-size and 64 intermediate-size cars, how
many trucks of each type does the factory need to make this delivery?
Solution for City A: We can arrange the given information under matrix form as the following-
 [ ][ ] [ ]

Let,

[ ] ,[ ] [ ]

Then, the matrix notations would be the following-


( )
| |

Now, | | [ ]

= ( ) ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
=
=
=
and, Adj A Transpose of the cofactors of the element of matrix A.

=[ ]

=[ ]

Now, co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |
 ( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )
 ( )
( )

Co-factors of ( ) | |

( ) ( )

( )

Therefore, Adj A=[ ]

=[ ]

( )
| |

[ ][ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Therefore, [ ] [ ]which means that S=2, F=3, and I=4.

For City B:

[ ][ ]
 [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Therefore, [ ] [ ]which means that S=5, F=3, and I=2.