Cloud Computing – Unit 1 & 2 (Complete Answer

Bank)

2 Marks Questions & Answers

1. Define Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a model that delivers servers, storage, databases, and applications over the
internet. It allows users to access services without managing hardware. It follows a pay-as-you-use
method. It provides on-demand availability of resources. It reduces cost and improves scalability.

2. What are the advantages of cloud computing?

It reduces infrastructure cost and ensures scalability. It allows easy data backup and disaster
recovery. It improves accessibility from anywhere through internet. It supports team collaboration. It
ensures better efficiency and flexibility.

3. Define Hybrid Cloud?

Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private clouds. It allows applications and data to move
between them. It balances security of private and scalability of public. It ensures flexibility and
workload optimization. It is widely used in enterprises.

4. Types of Cloud Computing?

The main types are public, private, hybrid, and community cloud. Public is managed by third parties.
Private is for one organization only. Hybrid combines both public and private. Community is shared
among organizations with similar goals.

5. What are the services in Cloud Computing?

Services are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. IaaS provides hardware and storage. PaaS provides a
platform for application development. SaaS provides ready-made apps like Gmail. These are
service delivery models of cloud.

6. Define Community Cloud?

Community cloud is shared by multiple organizations with common goals. It is used by universities,
hospitals, or research institutions. It enables cost sharing. It is more secure than public cloud. It is
suitable for collaborative work.

7. What are the phases in Cloud Computing?

The phases are requirement gathering, service selection, implementation, monitoring, and
optimization. Requirement defines the need. Selection chooses the provider. Implementation
deploys the service. Monitoring checks smooth working. Optimization improves efficiency.

8. List out the billing models in cloud?

The models are pay-as-you-go, subscription, spot pricing, and resource-based billing.
Pay-as-you-go charges actual use. Subscription is fixed. Spot pricing is variable and cheap.
Resource-based depends on CPU, storage, or bandwidth used.

9. What are the media service clouds?

They provide services for video, audio, and media applications. They support streaming and
broadcasting. Examples are YouTube and Netflix services. They are used in live and on-demand
media. They ensure efficiency and low delay.

10. Define IDAM?

IDAM means Identity and Access Management. It manages user identities in cloud. It ensures only
authorized people access resources. It includes authentication and authorization. It improves
overall cloud security.

11. Define public and private cloud?

Public cloud is available for anyone, managed by third-party providers. Private cloud is exclusive to
one organization. Public is cheap but less secure. Private is more secure but costly. Choice
depends on organization needs.

12. What is Deployment Management Service?

It automates application deployment in cloud. It manages resources efficiently. It allows quick and
reliable releases. It supports rollback and version control. Examples are AWS CloudFormation and
Azure Deployment Manager.

13. Define Virtualization?

Virtualization creates virtual versions of servers, storage, or operating systems. It allows many
systems on one hardware. It improves flexibility and efficiency. It reduces cost of infrastructure. It is
the backbone of cloud computing.

14. Define Analytic Service?

Analytic service processes and analyzes big data in cloud. It extracts meaningful insights.
Examples are AWS Analytics and BigQuery. It supports business intelligence and decision-making.
It improves performance and predictions.

5 Marks Questions & Answers

1. Explain the basic concepts of cloud computing?

Cloud computing delivers IT services like servers, storage, and applications via internet. It removes
the need to buy and maintain costly hardware. The basic concepts are on-demand self-service,
broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. On-demand means
resources are available instantly. Broad network access allows users to access services on
mobiles, laptops, and PCs. Resource pooling uses multi-tenancy, where resources are shared
securely among many users. Elasticity allows scaling of resources up or down automatically
depending on demand. Measured service ensures billing based on consumption only. Another
important concept is virtualization, which lets multiple operating systems run on a single hardware.
Finally, cloud service models like IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are based on these principles. These basic
concepts make cloud cost-effective, scalable, and flexible for modern business.

2. Explain about analytics in cloud model?

Analytics in cloud computing is the analysis of large data sets using cloud-based services.
Traditionally, analytics required expensive servers, but cloud makes it easier and cheaper. Data is
collected from apps, sensors, or social media, stored in cloud warehouses like Google BigQuery or
AWS Redshift, and processed using Hadoop or Spark. Then, visualization tools display the results.
Cloud analytics allows real-time analysis, scalability, and low cost. It is used in e-commerce for
product recommendations, in healthcare for diagnosis and predictions, and in finance for fraud
detection. Machine learning is often integrated with cloud analytics to provide predictive insights.
Thus, cloud analytics helps businesses turn raw data into actionable knowledge.

3. Explain cloud deployment models?

Cloud deployment models describe how a cloud is implemented and managed. The four models
are public, private, hybrid, and community. Public cloud is managed by providers like AWS and
Azure, available to everyone, and cost-effective but less secure. Private cloud is dedicated to one
organization, giving high security but at high cost. Hybrid cloud is a combination of both, allowing
data and apps to move across environments, offering flexibility. Community cloud is shared among
organizations with common interests like universities or research institutions, balancing cost and
collaboration. The selection of a model depends on budget, security needs, and scalability
requirements.

4. Explain cloud service models?

Cloud services are delivered in three main models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Infrastructure as a
Service provides virtual machines, storage, and networks. Users manage OS and apps, example
AWS EC2. Platform as a Service provides runtime environments, development tools, and
databases for developers to build apps, example Google App Engine. Software as a Service
provides complete ready-made apps like Gmail or Salesforce. These models form a cloud stack:
IaaS at the base, PaaS in the middle, SaaS at the top. IaaS gives flexibility, PaaS supports fast
development, SaaS is easiest for end-users.

5. Explain cloud balancing and its function?

Cloud balancing means distributing workloads across multiple servers. It prevents overloading and
improves performance. It ensures high availability by shifting traffic if one server fails. It supports
scalability by adding servers during heavy use. It uses methods like round robin, least connection,
or geo-distribution. Examples include AWS Elastic Load Balancing and Azure Load Balancer. Cloud
balancing ensures reliability and smooth functioning of applications.

6. Explain the function of map phase and reduce phase?

MapReduce is a programming model in Hadoop used for large-scale data processing. In the map
phase, data is split into key-value pairs, and each mapper processes a part of data. The shuffle and
sort step groups values by keys. In the reduce phase, the values are combined to form final output.
For example, in word count, map assigns one for each word, and reduce sums them up.
MapReduce is used in log analysis, big data mining, and analytics. It enables parallel data
processing across clusters of computers.

7. Explain about Eucalyptus open cloud service?

Eucalyptus is an open-source cloud platform for building private and hybrid clouds. It stands for
Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems. It provides
Infrastructure as a Service and is compatible with AWS APIs. The main components are Cloud
Controller for management, Cluster Controller for clusters, Node Controller for VMs, Walrus for
storage, and Storage Controller for block storage. Eucalyptus is cost-effective and flexible. It is
widely used in academic and research institutions as well as enterprises for building private clouds.

8. Explain OpenStack open source cloud service?

OpenStack is an open-source platform for building private and public clouds. It provides
Infrastructure as a Service with modular components. Nova manages compute, Swift manages
object storage, Cinder handles block storage, Neutron handles networking, Keystone manages
identity, and Horizon provides a dashboard. OpenStack is flexible, scalable, and supported by a
large community. It is vendor-independent and can be customized. It is widely used by enterprises
and telecom companies to build cloud infrastructure.

10 Marks Questions & Answers

1. Explain the characteristics of cloud computing.

Cloud computing has unique characteristics that make it different from traditional IT. The major
characteristics are on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid
elasticity, and measured service. On-demand means users can use resources without contacting
the provider. Broad network access ensures resources can be used from mobiles, laptops, or PCs.
Resource pooling means multi-tenancy, where many users share the same resources securely.
Rapid elasticity allows automatic scaling of resources based on need, for example e-commerce
websites during peak sales. Measured service ensures users are billed only for usage.
Virtualization is another important characteristic which enables multiple virtual machines on one
physical server, improving efficiency. Cloud also ensures security and reliability with encryption,
authentication, backup, and failover. These characteristics make cloud cost-effective, scalable, and
flexible, but challenges like internet dependence and data privacy exist.

2. Explain cloud based services and applications.

Cloud provides a wide range of services and applications. Storage services like Google Drive and
Dropbox allow saving files online and accessing them anywhere. Compute services like AWS EC2
and Azure VMs provide processing power for applications. Database services like Amazon RDS
and Firebase provide managed databases. Networking services like AWS VPC and Azure Virtual
Network support connectivity. Cloud applications include business apps like Salesforce CRM and
SAP ERP, communication apps like Gmail, Teams, and Zoom, entertainment apps like Netflix,
YouTube, and Spotify, and education apps like Coursera and Google Classroom. Banking uses
cloud for secure transactions, healthcare for patient data management, and e-commerce for
personalization. These applications show how cloud is deeply integrated into daily life and
industries.

3. Define virtualization and explain its types.

Virtualization is the process of creating virtual versions of physical resources such as servers,
storage, networks, or desktops. It improves utilization, reduces cost, and provides flexibility. The
types of virtualization are server virtualization, where multiple virtual servers run on one physical
machine using VMware or Hyper-V; storage virtualization, which combines different devices into a
single storage pool; network virtualization, which divides networks into multiple virtual networks like
VLANs; desktop virtualization, where virtual desktops are provided remotely through VDI; and
application virtualization, where applications run in virtual environments without direct installation,
example Microsoft App-V. Virtualization is the backbone of cloud computing, making it scalable,
flexible, and efficient.

4. Distinguish IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

Cloud service models are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. IaaS provides infrastructure like servers, storage,
and networking, giving users control over operating systems and apps. Example: AWS EC2, Azure
VMs. PaaS provides a development platform with tools, middleware, and databases for building
applications. Example: Google App Engine, Heroku. SaaS provides complete software applications
accessible via the internet without installation. Example: Gmail, Google Docs, Salesforce. IaaS is
useful for administrators, PaaS for developers, SaaS for end-users. They differ in level of control:
IaaS offers maximum, PaaS medium, SaaS minimum. Together they form a layered cloud stack.

5. Write about compute, storage, and database services in cloud computing with example.
Cloud offers three essential services: compute, storage, and database. Compute services provide
processing power using virtual machines and containers. Examples are AWS EC2 and Google
Compute Engine, used for hosting apps and simulations. Storage services provide scalable storage
in the form of object, block, and file storage. Examples are Amazon S3 and Google Drive, used for
backup and media storage. Database services provide managed relational and non-relational
databases. Examples are Amazon RDS and MongoDB Atlas, used in e-commerce, banking, and
analytics. These three services often work together. For example, Netflix uses compute to stream
videos, storage to hold movie files, and databases to manage user data and recommendations.
These services are reliable, scalable, and cost-efficient, forming the backbone of cloud computing.