Relations and Functions

(2025)
Q.1 For real x, let f(x) = x3 + 5x + 1. Then :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/4/1)
A. f is one-one but not onto on R
B. f is one-one and onto on R
C. f is neither one-one nor onto on R
D. f is onto on R but not one-one
Q.2

(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/4/1)

A. a bijection
B. neither surjective nor injective
C. surjective only
D. injective only
Q.3 Assertion (A) : Let f(x) = ex and g(x) = logx.
Then (f + g) x = ex + log x (f + g)x = ex + logx where domain of (f + g) is R.
Reason (R) : Dom(f + g) = Dom(f) ∩ Dom(g).
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/6/1)
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
C. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
D. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Q.4 Domain of f(x) = cos−1x + sin x is :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/7/1)
A. ϕ
B. (−1,1)
C. R
D. [−1,1]
Q.5 Assertion (A) : Let A = {x ∈ R: −1 ≤ x ≤ 1}. If f : A → A be defined as f(x) =
x2, then f is not an onto function.

Reason (R) : If y = −1 ∈ A, then x = ±

(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/5/1)
A. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
C. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
D. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Q.6 Assertion (A) : Let Z be the set of integers. A function f : Z → Z defined as
f(x) = 3x − 5, ∀ Z is a bijective.
Reason (R) : A function is a bijective if it is both surjective and injective.
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/1/1)
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Q.7

(2 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/4/1)

Q.8 Find the domain of f(x) = sin−1(−x2).
(2 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/6/1)

Q.9 Let f : A → B be defined by f(x) = where A = R − {3} and B = R − {1}.

Discuss the bijectivity of the function.
(2 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/7/1)
Q.10 Find the domain of the function f(x) = cos−1(x2 − 4).
(2 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/5/1)
Q.11

(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/4/1)

Q.12 Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5, 6}. A relation R from A to B is defined as R =
{(x, y) : x + y = 6, x ∈ A, y ∈ B}.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/4/1)
(i) Write all elements of R.
(ii) Is R a function ? Justify.
(iii) Determine domain and range of R.
Q.13 A student wants to pair up natural numbers in such a way that they satisfy
the equation 2x + y = 41, x, y ∈ N. Find the domain and range of the relation.
Check if the relation thus formed is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Hence,
state whether it is an equivalence relation or not.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/6/1)
Q.14

(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/6/1)

Q.15 Let R be a relation defined over N, where N is set of natural numbers,
defined as " mRn if and only if mm is a multiple of n, m, n ∈ N." Find
whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive or not.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/2/1)
Q.16 Show that the function f : R → R defined by f(x) = 4x3 − 5, ∀ x ∈ R is one-
one and onto.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/7/1)
Q.17 Let R be a relation defined on a set N of natural numbers such that R = {(x,
y) : xy is a square of a natural number, x, y ∈ N}. Determine if the relation RR is
an equivalence relation.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/7/1)
Q.18 A class-room teacher is keen to assess the learning of her students the
concept of "relations" taught to them. She writes the following five relations
each defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3}:
(4 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/1/1)

The students are asked to answer the following questions about the above
relations:
(i) Identify the relation which is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric.
(ii) Identify the relation which is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
(iii) (a) Identify the relations which are symmetric but neither reflexive nor
transitive.
(iii)(b) (iii) (b) What pairs should be added to the relation R2
to make it an equivalence relation?
Q.19 A school is organizing a debate competition with participants as
speakers S = {S1, S2, S3, S4} and these are judged by judges J = {J1, J2, J3}. Each
speaker can be assigned one judge. Let RR be a relation from set S to J defined
as R = {(x, y) : speaker x is judged by judge

(4 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/2/1)

Based on the above, answer the following :
(i) How many relations can be there from S to J ?
(ii) A student identifies a function from S to J as f = {(S1, J1), (S2, J2), (S3, J2),
(S4, J3)} Check if it is bijective.
(iii) (a) How many one-one functions can be there from set S to set J ?
(iii)(b) Another student considers a relation R1 = {(S1, S2), (S2, S4)} in set S.
Write minimum ordered pairs to be included in R1 so that R1R1 is reflexive but
not symmetric.
Q.20 Let A be the set of 30 students of class XII in a school. Let f : A → N, N is a
set of natural numbers such that function f(x)=f(x)= Roll Number of student x.
On the basis of the given information, answer the following :
(4 Mark) (CBSE 2025 - 65/5/1)
(i) Is f a bijective function ?
(ii) Give reasons to support your answer to (i).
(iii) (a) Let R be a relation defined by the teacher to plan the seating
arrangement of students in pairs, where R = {(x, y) : x, y are Roll Numbers of
students such that y = 3x}. List the elements of RR. Is the relation R reflexive,
symmetric and transitive? Justify your answer.
(iii) (b) Let RR be a relation defined by R = {(x, y) : x, y are Roll Numbers of
students such that y = x3}. List the elements of R. Is R a function ? Justify your
answer.
 Answer
Q.1 B Q.2 C Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 B Q.6 D
Q.7

Q.8

Q.9

Q.10

Q.11
f is a bijection.
Q.12

Q.13
Q.14

Q.15

Q.16
Q.17
Hence, R is an Equivalence relation
Q.18

(iii) (b) Required pairs to be added to make the relation R2 as an equivalence

relation are:

Q.19 The number of relations = 24 × 3 = 212

Since, S2 and S3 have been assigned the same judge J2, the function is not one-
one.
Hence, it is not bijective.
There cannot exist any one-one function from S to J as n(S) > n(J). Hence, the
number of one-one functions from S to J is 0.
(iii)(b) To make R1 reflexive and not symmetric we need to add the following
ordered pairs:
Q.20
(2024)
Q.1 Let f : R + → [−5, ∞) be defined as f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5, where R+ is the set
of all non-negative real numbers. Then, f is :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/2/1)
A. bijective
B. neither one-one nor onto
C. onto
D. one-one
Q.2 Assertion (A) : The relation R = {(x, y) :(x + y) is a prime number and x, y ∈
N} is not a reflexive relation.
Reason (R) : The number '2n' is composite for all natural numbers n.
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/4/1)
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Q.3 A function f : R+ → R (where R+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers)
defined by f(x) = 4x + 3 is :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/1/1)
A. one-one but not onto
B. both one-one and onto
C. neither one-one nor onto
D. onto but not one-one
Q.4 Let R+ denote the set of all non-negative real numbers. Then the function f :
R+ → R+ defined as f(x) = x2 + 1 is :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/3/1)
A. onto but not one-one
B. neither one-one nor onto
C. one-one but not onto
D. both one-one and onto
Q.5 A function f : R → R defined as f(x) = x2 − 4x + 5 is :
(1 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/5/1)
A. both injective and surjective.
B. injective but not surjective.
C. surjective but not injective.
D. neither injective nor surjective.
Q.6 Find the domain of the function f(x) = sin−1(x2 − 4). Also, find its range.
(2 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/5/1)
Q.7 A relation R on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined as R = {(x, y) : ∣x2 − y2∣ < 8}.
Check...
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/1/1)
Q.8 A function f is defined from R → R as f(x) = ax + b, such that f(1) =
1 and f(2) = 3. Find function f(x). Hence, check whether function f(x) is one-one
and onto or not.
(3 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/1/1)
Q.9 Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways
heritage and its history.
 (4 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/5/1)
An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near the railway
station. Let L be the set of all rail lines on the railway track and R be the relation
on L defined by
R = {(l1, l2) : l1 is parallel to l2}
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find whether the relation R is symmetric or not.
(ii) Find whether the relation R is transitive or not.
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation y
= 3x + 2, then find the set of rail lines in R related to it.
(iii)(b) Let S be the relation defined by S = {(l1, l2) : l1 is perpendicular to
l2} check whether the relation S is symmetric and transitive.
Q.10

(5 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/2/1)

Q.11 A relation R is defined on N × N (where NN is the set of natural numbers)
as :
(5 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/2/1)
(a, b)R (c, d) ⇔ a – c = b – d
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
(5 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/4/1)
Q.12 Let A = R − {5} and B = R−{1}. Consider the function f : A → B, defined by

f(x) =
Show that f is one-one and onto.
Q.13 Check whether the relation S in the set of real numbers R defined by S =
{(a, b): where a – b + √2 is an irrational number} is reflexive, symmetric or
transitive.
(5 Mark) (CBSE 2024 - 65/4/1)
Q.14 A relation R on set A = {−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} be defined as R = {(x,
y) : x + y is an integer divisible by 2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Also, write the equivalence class [2].
 Answer
Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 A Q.4 C Q.5 D
Q.6

Q.7

Q.8
Q.9

Q.10

Hence f is not one -one

Let y = f(x) where x ∈ R

For the given function to become onto, A = [-1, 1]

Q.11

We have

Hence R is reflexive
Hence, R is symmetric.

Hence, R is transitive
Thus, R is an equivalence relation.
Q.12
Q.13
is NOT Transitive Relation. Thus, S is Reflexive But Neither Symmetric nor
Transitive Relation.
Q.14