• A computer is a machine (the

THINK ABOUT IT hardware) for executing programs

(the software)
• A program is a sequence of
instructions telling the computer
what to do
• The process of creating software is
called programming
• Obviously, we need to provide
these instructions in a language

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES that computers can understand,

and we call this programming
language.
PA U L A L U Z P. D E L A C R U Z

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
• Also known as computer language
• the language through which the user can
communicate with the computer by writing
program instructions.
• a notational system for describing computation in
machine-readable and human-readable form.
 LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE

• also known as Machine Language

LOW-LEVEL
(Machine Code).
LANGUAGE
• the only language which can be
understood by the computer.
• EX. Binary Language. The binary
language contains only two symbols 1
& 0.

MIDDLE-LEVEL LANGUAGE MIDDLE-LEVEL LANGUAGE • This uses a

translator
called Assembler t
• Also known as assembly language.
o translate
• a computer language in which the
instructions are created using symbols mnemonics into
such as letters, digits and special binary language.
characters.
• uses predefined words called
mnemonics.
 HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TRANSLATION

• a computer language which can be understood by the

users.
• very similar to human languages and has a set of
grammar rules that are used to make instructions more HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
easily.
• has a set of predefined words known as Keywords and a MIDDLE-LEVEL LANGUAGE
set of rules known as Syntax to create instructions.
• Uses a Compiler or interpreter to convert high-level
language to low-level language.

LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE

• a most popular choice for robotics

developers because of its

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES USED IN ROBOTICS

PYTHON readability, adaptability, and huge
library.
• the high-level programming
language and it plays a key role in
building and testing robots.
• a good platform to automate, teach,
and post-process robot programs.
• Many people choose this
programming language as we can
write script that calculates, records,
and simulates an entire robot
program instead of manually
teaching every statement to a robot.
WHY USE PYTHON? JAVA
• platform independent and easily scalable which make it a valuable
• When compared to C, C++ and Java, you can write fewer lines
of code in Python. language for developing large-scale robotic systems.

• an essential guide to create an autonomous mobile robot • allow developers to create strong and modular applications that are
using popular robotic software frameworks. scalable and maintainable.
• used in designing embedded system and it is an integral part
• portable and object-oriented capabilities contribute in the
of Robot operating system.
development of efficient robotic software.
• The major focus of Python is ease of use and less time is
required to program such as defining, and casting variable • Commonly used to perform human-like tasks, Command-and-control
types. recognizers, dictation systems, and speech synthesizers can be built
• When you are required to implement some basic using the Java Speech API and the Java Media Framework can be used
functionality, there are a huge number of free libraries for it, to receive and process visual images.
which means you do not have to ‘reinvent the wheel’.

WHY USE JAVA? C/C++

• contains all the high-level features needed in robotics industry • a general purpose programming language that contains
especially when it comes to artificial intelligence. imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features.
• you can create highly efficient algorithms for machine learning, • the fundamental language of robotics development, providing a
search and neural algorithms, language processing etc. powerful and efficient programming basis.
• The Java Virtual Machine interprets the instructions at run-time • allow developers to directly manage hardware and enhance
• enables users to use the same code on many different machines, performance, which is crucial in robotics where real-time
thanks to the Java Virtual Machine. responsiveness is critical.

• provides all the high level features needed to deal with various • the language of choice for activities that require speed and
aspects of robotics. precision, from embedded systems to low-level programming.
 WHY USE C/C++?
• allows interaction with low level hardware, and
also real time performance.
• very mature programming languages which
ensures the best performance of a robot.
• As the robotics is very dependent on the real
time performance, C and C++ are the best options
to the roboticists.

• Also called drag-and-drop language

SCRATCH • a high-level programming language
that was created at MIT in 2003.
• designed to be easy to learn, use and
create interactive movies, games and
simulations.
• a visual block-based programming
language that uses quirky graphics and
fun sounds to engage children aged 8-
16 in learning how to program.
 PLEASE DOWNLOAD THE FOLLOWING:

MOBILE PHONE LAPTOP

MAKEBLOCK APP

[Link]

ARDUINO • It's the unit of code that is

uploaded to and run on an
SKETCH Arduino board.

• The open-source Arduino

Software (IDE) makes it easy to
write code and upload it to
the board. This software can
be used with any Arduino
board.