Homework 3 4 solution

1.

(a) Before t = 0,
1
v( t ) = (20) = 4 V
4 +1
After t = 0,
v(t) = v() +  v(0) − v() e-t 
 = RC = (4)(2) = 8 , v(0) = 4 , v() = 20
-t 8
v( t ) = 20 + (4 − 20) e
v(t) = 20 − 16 e - t 8 V
(b) Before t = 0, v = v1 + v2 , where v1 is due to the 12-V source and v 2 is
due to the 2-A source.
v1 = 12 V
To get v 2 , transform the current source as shown in Fig. (a).
v2 = -8 V
Thus,
v = 12 − 8 = 4 V
After t = 0, the circuit becomes that shown in Fig. (b).

2F 4 2F

+ −
v2 + +
8V 12 V
− −

3 3
(a) (b)

v(t) = v() +  v(0) − v() e-t 

v() = 12 , v(0) = 4 ,  = RC = (2)(3) = 6
v(t) = 12 + (4 − 12) e-t 6
v(t) = 12 − 8 e-t 6 V
2.
Chapter 7, Solution 56.

L
R eq = 6 + 20 || 5 = 10 , = = 0.05
R
i(t) = i() +  i(0) − i() e- t 

i(0) is found by applying nodal analysis to the following circuit.

5

vx i 6
+ 20 V
+ −
2A 12  20 
0.5 H v
−

20 − v x v x v x v x
2+ = + + ⎯
⎯→ v x = 12
5 12 20 6
v
i(0) = x = 2 A
6

Since 20 || 5 = 4 ,
4
i() = (4) = 1.6
4+6
i(t) = 1.6 + (2 − 1.6) e- t 0.05 = 1.6 + 0.4 e-20t
di 1
v( t ) = L = (0.4) (-20) e -20t
dt 2
v(t) = - 4 e-20t V
3.

For t < 0, the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure (a).

10  i

+ +
+ i
120V − v L C v
− −

(a) (b)

i(0) = 120/10 = 12, v(0) = 0

For t > 0, we have a series RLC circuit as shown in Figure (b) with R = 0 = .

1 1
o = = = 0.5 = d
LC 4

i(t) = [Acos0.5t + Bsin0.5t], i(0) = 12 = A

v = -Ldi/dt, and -v/L = di/dt = 0.5[-12sin0.5t + Bcos0.5t],

which leads to -v(0)/L = 0 = B

Hence, i(t) = 12cos0.5t A and v = 0.5

However, v = -Ldi/dt = -4(0.5)[-12sin0.5t] = 24sin(0.5t) V

4.

At t = 0-, we obtain, iL(0) = 3x5/(10 + 5) = 1A

and vo(0) = 0.

For t > 0, the 10-ohm resistor is short-circuited and we have a parallel RLC circuit with
a step input.

 = 1/(2RC) = (1)/(2x5x0.01) = 10

o = 1/ LC = 1/ 1x0.01 = 10

Since  = o, we have a critically damped response.

s1,2 = -10

Thus, i(t) = Is + [(A + Bt)e-10t], Is = 3

i(0) = 1 = 3 + A or A = -2

vo = Ldi/dt = [Be-10t] + [-10(A + Bt)e-10t]

vo(0) = 0 = B – 10A or B = -20

Thus, vo(t) = (200te-10t) V

5.

For t = 0-, i(0) = 3 + 12/4 = 6 and v(0) = 0.

For t > 0, we have a parallel RLC circuit with a step input.

 = 1/(2RC) = (1)/(2x5x0.05) = 2

o = 1/ LC = 1/ 5x0.05 = 2

Since  = o, we have a critically damped response.

s1,2 = -2

Thus, i(t) = Is + [(A + Bt)e-2t], Is = 3

i(0) = 6 = 3 + A or A = 3

v = Ldi/dt or v/L = di/dt = [Be-2t] + [-2(A + Bt)e-2t]

v(0)/L = 0 = di(0)/dt = B – 2x3 or B = 6

Thus, i(t) = {3 + [(3 + 6t)e-2t]} A

6.

At t = 0–, the switch is open. i(0) = 0, and

v(0) = 5x100/(20 + 5 + 5) = 50/3

For t > 0, we have a series RLC circuit shown in Figure (a). After source
transformation, it becomes that shown in Figure (b).
10 H
4 1H
i
10 F +
5A 20  5 + 0.04F
20V − v
−
(a)
(b)

o = 1/ LC = 1/ 1x1/ 25 = 5

 = R/(2L) = (4)/(2x1) = 2

s1,2 = −    2 −  2o = -2  j4.583

Thus, v(t) = Vs + [(Acos(dt) + Bsin(dt))e-2t],

where d = 4.583 and Vs = 20

v(0) = 50/3 = 20 + A or A = -10/3

i(t) = Cdv/dt
= C(-2) [(Acos(dt) + Bsin(dt))e-2t] + Cd[(-Asin(dt) + Bcos(dt))e-2t]

i(0) = 0 = -2A + dB

B = 2A/d = -20/(3x4.583) = -1.455

i(t) = C{[(0cos(dt) + (-2B - dA)sin(dt))]e-2t}

= (1/25){[(2.91 + 15.2767) sin(dt))]e-2t}

i(t) = 727.5sin(4.583t)e-2t mA
7.

1 1
v o = 0 when jXL–jXC = 0 so XL = XC or L = ⎯
⎯→  = .
C LC

1
= = 100 rad/s
−3 −3
(5  10 )(20  10 )

8.

 = 200
1 1
50 F ⎯
⎯→ = = - j100
jC j (200)(50  10-6 )
0.1 H ⎯ ⎯→ jL = j (200)(0.1) = j20
(50)(-j100) - j100
50 || -j100 = = = 40 − j20
50 − j100 1 - j2

j20 j20
Vo = (600) = (600) = 17.1490
j20 + 30 + 40 − j20 70
Thus,
v o (t) = 17.14 sin(200t + 90) V
or
v o (t) = 17.14 cos(200t) V

9.

Z = (25 + j15) + (20 − j50) //(30 + j10) = 25 + j15 + 26.097 − j5.122

Z = (51.1+j9.878) Ω

10.

ZT = 2 + (4 − j6) || (3 + j4)
(4 − j6)(3 + j4)
ZT = 2 +
7 − j2
ZT = 6.83 + j1.094  = 6.9179.1 

V 12010
I= = = 17.350.9 A
Z T 6.9179.1
11.

Let Vo be the voltage across the current source. Using nodal analysis, we get:

Vo − 4Vx Vo 20
−3+ = 0 where Vx = Vo
20 20 + j10 20 + j10

Combining these we get:

Vo 4Vo Vo
− −3+ = 0 → (1 + j0.5 − 3)Vo = 60 + j30
20 20 + j10 20 + j10

60 + j30 20(3)
Vo = or Vx = =
− 2 + j0.5 − 2 + j0.5

29.11–166˚ V.
12. 행렬로 풀지 말고 연립방정식으로 푸세요.

Consider the circuit below.

j4  1
Io 2
+
10020 V V1 V2
−

3 -j2 

At node 1,
10020 − V1 V1 V1 − V2
= +
j4 3 2
V
10020 = 1 (3 + j10) − j2 V2
3
(1)

At node 2,
10020 − V2 V1 − V2 V2
+ =
1 2 - j2
10020 = -0.5 V1 + (1.5 + j0.5) V2
(2)

From (1) and (2),

10020  - 0.5 0.5 (3 + j)  V1 
10020 = 1 + j10 3 - j2  V2 
  

- 0.5 1.5 + j0.5

= = 0.1667 − j4.5
1 + j10 3 - j2

10020 1.5 + j0.5

1 = = -55.45 − j286.2
10020 - j2

- 0.5 10020
2 = = -26.95 − j364.5
1 + j10 3 10020

1
V1 = = 64.74 - 13.08

13.

Consider the circuit below.

j4  -j3 

+
I1 I2 +
490 A 2 Vo 120 V
−
−

2 2
I3

20 A

Clearly,
I1 = 490 = j4 and I 3 = -2

For mesh 2,
(4 − j3) I 2 − 2 I1 − 2 I 3 + 12 = 0
(4 − j3) I 2 − j8 + 4 + 12 = 0
- 16 + j8
I2 = = -3.52 − j0.64
4 − j3

Thus,
Vo = 2 (I1 − I 2 ) = (2)(3.52 + j4.64) = 7.04 + j9.28

Vo = 11.64852.82 V
14.
We transform the voltage source to a current source to obtain the circuit in Fig. (a).

-j3  j4 

+
50 A 4 j2  2 Vo -j2 
−
(a)
j8
Let Z s = 4 || j2 = = 0.8 + j1.6
4 + j2
Vs = (50) Zs = (5)(0.8 + j1.6) = 4 + j8

With these, the current source is transformed so that the circuit becomes that shown in
Fig. (b).
Zs -j3  j4 

+
+
Vs 2 -j2  Vo
−
−
(b)
Let Zx = Zs − j3 = 0.8 − j1.4
V 4 + j8
Ix = s = = −3.0769 + j4.6154
Z s 0.8 − j1.4

With these, we transform the voltage source in Fig. (b) to obtain the circuit in Fig. (c).
j4 

+
Ix Zx 2 -j2  Vo
−
(c)

1.6 − j2.8
Let Z y = 2 || Z x = = 0.8571 − j0.5714
2.8 − j1.4
Vy = I x Z y = (−3.0769 + j4.6154)  (0.8571− j0.5714) = j5.7143
15.

Consider the circuit in Fig. (a) to find Zeq .

8 Zeq
j10 
-j6 

(a)

( j10)(8 − j 6)
Z eq = j10 || (8 − j 6) = = 5 (2 + j )
8 + j4
= 11.1826.56 

Consider the circuit in Fig. (b) to find VThev.

Io +
8
545 A j10  VThev
-j6 
−
(b)

8 − j6 4 − j3
Io = (545) = (545)
8 − j6 + j10 4 + j2

( j10)(4 − j3)(545)
VThev = j10 I o =
(2)(2 + j )
= 55.971.56 V
16.

Find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the circuit in Fig. 10.104.

V1 and V2
4
a
Ix
+
20o A -j3  1.5Ix Voc Isc
−

Figure 10.104
For Prob. 10.61.

Solution

Step 1. First we solve for the open circuit voltage using the above circuit and
writing two node equations. Then we solve for the short circuit current which
only need one node equation. For being able to solve for Voc, we need to solve
these three equations,

–2 + [(V1–0)/(–j3)] + [(V1–Voc)/4] = 0 and

[(Voc–V1)/4] – 1.5Ix = 0 where Ix = [(V1–0)/(–j3)].

To solve for Isc, all we need to do is to solve these three equations,

–2 + [(V2–0)/(–j3)] + [(V2–0)/4] = 0, Isc = [V2/4] + 1.5Ix, and

Ix = [V2/–j3].

Finally, VThev = Voc and Zeq = Voc/Isc.

Step 2. Now all we need to do is to solve for the unknowns. For Voc,

Ix = j0.33333V1 and (0.25+(1.5)(j0.33333))V1 = 0.25Voc or

(0.25+j0.5)V1 = (0.55902∠63.43°)V1 = 0.25Voc or
V1 = (0.44721∠–63.43°)Voc which leads to,

(0.25+j0.33333)V1 – 0.25Voc = 2
= (0.41666∠+53.13°)(0.44721∠–63.43°)Voc – 0.25Voc
= (0.186335∠–10.3°)Voc – 0.25Voc = (0.183333–0.25–j0.033333)Voc
= (–0.066667–j0.033333)Voc = (0.074536∠–153.435°)Voc = 2 or
 Voc = VThev = 26.83∠153.44° V = (–24+j12) V.

Now for Isc,

Isc = [V2/4] + 1.5Ix = (0.25+(1.5)(j0.33333))V2 = (0.25+j0.5)V2.

[(V2–0)/(–j3)] + [(V2–0)/4] = 2 = (0.25+j0.3333)V2

= (0.41667∠53.13°)V2 = 2 or V2 = 4.8∠–53.13°

Isc = (0.25+j0.5)V2 = (0.55901∠63.435°)(4.8∠–53.13°)

= 2.6832∠10.305° A

Finally,

Zeq = Voc/Isc = 26.833∠153.435°/2.6832∠10.305°

= 10∠143.13° Ω or = (–8+j6) Ω.