VILMA A.

CARANGUIAN
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
An exponential function is a function of the form:

f ( x) = b x

where b>0, b≠1 and x is any real number.

In the exponential function, b is the base and x is the
exponent.

f ( x) = b x

base exponent
IDENTIFYING
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

f ( x) = 5 + 7 x
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

f ( x) = −5 x
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

f ( x) = (−6) + 9 x
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

f ( x) = 7 x + 30
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

−4 x
1
f ( x) =  
5
Is it an exponential function or NOT?

4x
 3
f ( x) =  −  − 7
 4
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION,
EQUATION AND
INEQUALITY
DEFINITION
An exponential expression is an expression with variables
in the exponent.
x−c
a •b +d
where b>0, b≠1 and x is any real number.
An exponential function is a function involving
exponential expressions.
An exponential equation is an equation involving
exponential expressions.
An exponential inequality is an inequality involving
exponential expressions.
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

f ( x) = 4 x + 3 x + 1
3
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

5 = 25
x
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

x−1
2 = 32
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

2 x  18
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

x −1
4
   125
5
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

f ( x) = 4 x + 5
2
Determine if the given is an exponential function,
equation, inequality or none of these.

2 x +3
 2
−  =5
 3
 REPRESENTING REAL-
LIFE SITUATIONS USING
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
APPLICATIONS
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY
f ( x) = ab x

f ( x) = a(1 + r ) x
f ( x) = a(1 − r ) x

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH EXPONENTIAL DECAY

COMPOUND INTEREST
nt
 r
f ( x) = P1 + 
 n
f ( x) = Pe rt

COMPOUND INTEREST CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING

A certain kind of bacteria doubles itself every 4
hours. If there are 500 bacteria initially, how many
bacteria will there be after 1 day?
A certain kind of radioactive element has a
half-life of 5 days. How much of the 900-
kilogram sample will be left after 12 days.
The population of a certain place increases 5%
every year. If there are 2,500,000 people in that
place, how many people will there be after 5
years.
The price of a car depreciates at the rate of
3% per annum. If the price of the car today
is P900,000.00, how much will be the price
of that car in September 13, 2026.
Rica invested P20,000.00 at 5% interest
rate compounded semi-annually. Find the
maturity value of her money after 10 years.
 SOLVING
EXPONENTIAL
EQUATIONS
THEOREM:
Let r and s be rational numbers. Then,
(1) 𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒔 = 𝒂𝒓+𝒔
𝒂𝒓
(2) 𝒂𝒔= 𝒂𝒓−𝒔
(3) (𝒂𝒓 )𝒔 = 𝒂𝒓𝒔
(4) (𝒂𝒃)𝒓 = 𝒂𝒓 𝒃𝒓
𝒂 𝒓 𝒂𝒓
(5) (𝒃) = 𝒃𝒓
By DEFINITION:
(1) 𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏
−𝒏 𝟏
(2) 𝒂 = 𝒏 𝒂
DEFINITION

One-to-one Property
If x1 ≠ x2 , then b x1 x2
≠ b .
x1 x2
Conversely if b = b then x1 = x2
 Tips in solving exponential equations:
[Link] that each side of the equation has a single
term.
2. Express each side in a way that they will have the
same base.
3. Equate the exponents.
4. Combine like terms and simplify.
Solve for x in the equation below:

5 = 625
x
5 = 625
x Checking:
𝑥
5 =625
𝑥 4 4
5 =5 5 = 625
𝑥=4 625 = 625
Solve for x in the equation below:

2 x −1
9 = 27 2x
 2 x −1
9 = 27 2x Checking:
2(2𝑥−1) 3(2𝑥) 9(2𝑥−1) = 27(2𝑥)
3 =3 [2(−1)−1] [2 −1 ]
2(2𝑥 − 1) = 3(2𝑥) 9 = 27
−3 −2
4𝑥 − 2 = 6𝑥 9 = 27
1 1
4𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 2 3
= 2
9 27
−2𝑥 = 2 1 1
𝑥 = −1 =
729 729
Solve for x in the equation below:

2
x +3
9 =3
x
 2
x +3
9 =3
x
Checking:
Checking:
𝑥2
2 𝑥2 𝑥+3 𝑥2
9 = 3𝑥+3
3 =3 9 = 3𝑥+3 3 2 3
2 𝑥2 = 𝑥 + 3 9 −1 2
= 3 −1+3 9 2 =3 2
+3

2𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 3 91 = 32
9 3 6
94 = 32+2
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 9=9 9 9
2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 1 = 0 94 = 32
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 ; 𝑥 + 1 = 0 4
99 = 39
3 4
𝑥= ; 𝑥 = −1 32(9) = 39
2
39 = 3 9
Solve for x in the equation below:

x +1
1
  = 16
2
Solve for x in the equation below:

2 x +3
1
  − 14 = 50
8
 SOLVING
EXPONENTIAL
INEQUALITIES
Property of Exponential Inequality

1. If b>1, then the exponential

x
function y=b is increasing for all x.
x y
This means that b < b if and only if
x<y
Property of Exponential Inequality

2. If 0<b<1, then the exponential

x
function y=b is decreasing for all x.
This means that bx > by if and only if
x<y
Property of Exponential Inequality
3. In simplifying exponential function for
finding the value of the unknown variable.
If you are dividing or multiplying both
side by negative numbers inequality
symbols will reverse.
Solve for the inequalities below:

5  125
x
5  125
x
Checking:
𝑥
𝑥
5 ≥5 3 5 ≥ 125
3
𝑥≥3 5 ≥ 125
125 ≥ 125
Solve for the inequalities below:

2 x +1 x −1
1  1 
   
4  32 
 2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
1 1
≤
4 32 2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
2𝑥+1 𝑥−1 1 1
1 1 ≤
≤ 5 4 32
22 2
2(2𝑥+1) 5(𝑥−1) 2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
1 1 1 1
≤ 2
≤ 5
2 2 2 2
2(2𝑥 + 1) ≥ 5(𝑥 − 1) 2−2(2𝑥+1) ≤ 2−5(𝑥−1)
4𝑥 + 2 ≥ 5𝑥 − 5 −2 2𝑥 + 1 ≤ −5(𝑥 − 1)
4𝑥 − 5𝑥 ≥ −2 − 5 −4𝑥 − 2 ≤ −5𝑥 + 5
−𝑥 −7 −4𝑥 + 5𝑥 ≤ 2 + 5
≥
−1 −1 𝑥≤7
𝑥≤7