Module 2 Tutorial 1
Differential Equations & Transforms BMAT102L
1. Formation of Partial Differential Equations
Exercises 1.1
Find the partial differential equations from the relations (a)-(b) by eliminating the arbitrary constants:
(a) (x − a)2 + (y − a)2 + (z − b)2 = 1
2 2
(b) xa2 + yb2 = 2z.
Find the partial differential equations from the relations (c)-(e) by eliminating the arbitrary functions:
(c) δ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 , z 2 − xy) = 0
z
(d) x+y = φ(x2 − y 2 )
(e) z = f (2y + 3x) + g(y − 2x).
Answers 1.1
(a) (p2 + q 2 + 1)(x − y)2 = (p − q)2
(b) 2z = px + qy
(c) z(p − q) = y − x
(d) py + qx = z
∂ z 2 ∂ z 2 ∂ z 2
(e) 2 ∂x2 + 4 ∂x∂y − 6 ∂y 2 = 0
2. Separation of Variables
Exercises 2.1
Use the method of separation of variables to solve:
(a) 3 ∂u ∂u −t
∂x + 2 ∂t = 0, u(0, t) = 2e
∂u
− 3 ∂u −5x
(b) ∂x ∂t = u, u(x, 0) = 3e
∂z ∂z
(c) x ∂x + y ∂y = 0, z(x, 1) = x2 /3
(d) p + q = 2(x + y)z, z(0, 1) = 2e3
∂u
= 4 ∂u −3t
(e) ∂x ∂t , u(0, t) = 6e
Answers 2.1
(a) u(x, t) = 2e(2x−3t)/3
(b) u(x, t) = 3e5(t−3x)/3
(c) z(x, y) = 31 (x/y)2
2 +y 2 +2x−2y
(d) z(x, y) = 2ex
(e) u(x, t) = 6e−3(4x+t)
3. Lagrange’s Equation: Linear in p and q
Exercises 3.1
Solve by the Method of Grouping:
(a) (x2 + 2y 2 )p − xyq = xz
(b) py + xq = xyz 2 (x2 − y 2 )
(c) p tan x + q tan y = tan z
(d) p + 3q = z + cot(y − 3x)
(e) xz(z 2 + xy)p − yz(z 2 + xy)q = x4
Dr. T. Phaneendra Page 1 Professor of Mathematics
phaneendra.t@[Link] SJT,511, A10
Tutorial 1 Module 2
BMAT102L Differential Equations & Transforms
Answers 3.1
(a) f (x2 y 2 + y 4 , yz) = 0
y2
1
(b) f x2 − y 2 , zx2 −zy 2 + 2 =0
sin x sin y
(c) f sin y , sin z =0
(d) f (y − 3x, x − log(z + cot(y − 3x))) = 0
(e) f (xy, x4 − z 4 − 2xyz 2 ) = 0
Exercises 3.2
Solve by the Method of Multipliers:
(a) px(y 2 + z) + qy(x2 + z) = z(x2 − y 2 )
(b) (y 2 + yz + z 2 )p + (z 2 + zx + x2 )q = x2 + xy + y 2
(c) (x2 − y 2 − z 2 )p + 2xyq = 2xz
(d) (x2 + y 2 )p + 2xyq = (x + y)z
(e) (x + y)pz + (x − y)qz = x2 + y 2
Answers 3.2
(a) f (x2 + y 2 − 2z, xyz) = 0 with multipliers (x, y, −1), (1/x, 1/y, 1/z)
y−z x−z
(b) f x−y , x−y = 0 using the multipliers (1, −1, 0), (0, 1, −1), (1, 0, −1)
(c) Group the last two fractions of the auxiliary equations and then employ the multipliers (x, y, z).
√
The general solution is φ y/z, (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )/ y = 0
(d) Group the first two fractions
auxiliary equations and then use the multipliers (x, −y, 0).
of the
x+y y
The general solution is f z , x2 −y2 = 0
(e) f x2 − y 2 − xy, x2 − y 2 − z 2 = 0 with (x, −y, z) using the multipliers and grouping a pair of
fractions of the auxiliary equations
4. Complete and Singular Integrals
Exercises 4.1
Find the complete integrals and singular solutions of the following equations:
p
(a) z = px + qy + 4 p2 + q 2 + 1
(b) z = px + qy − 5p + 6q
(c) z = px + qy + p2 + q 2 + pq
√
(d) z = px + qy + 3 pq
(e) z = px + qy + log(pq)
Answers 4.1
√
(a) z = ax + by + 4 a2 + b2 + 1 is the complete integral, and the singular integral is x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16
(b) z = ax + by − 5a + 6b is the complete integral and z = 0 is the singular solution
(c) z = ax + by + a2 + b2 + ab is the complete integral and x2 + y 2 − xy + 3z = 0 is the singular
solution
√3
(d) z = ax + by + ab is the complete integral and xyz = −1 is the singular solution
(e) z = ax + by + log(ab) is the complete integral and z + 2 + log xy = 0 is the singular solution
Professor of Mathematics Page 2 Dr. T. Phaneendra
SJT,511, A10 phaneendra.t@[Link]