Tutorial 3 DMGT
RELATIONS
ADANI UNIVERSITY
February 2024
Do as Directed
1. List the ordered pairs in the relation R from A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} to B =
{0, 1, 2, 3}, where (a, b) ∈ R if and only if
a) a = b.
b) a + b = 4.
c) a > b.
d) a|b.
2. Let L denotes the relation “less than or equal to” and D denotes the
relation “divides”, where xDy means “x divides y”. Both L and D are
defined on the set {1, 2, 3, 6}. Write L and D as sets, find L ∩ D.
3. Let A be a set of integers and R be a relation on A such that R =
{(x, y)|x ∈ R, y ∈ R and x < y}. Is R symmetric and/or antisymmet-
ric?
4. Show that the relation R = ϕ on a nonempty set S is symmetric and
transitive, but not reflexive.
5. Consider the following five relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}:
a. R1 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3), (4, 4)}
b. R2 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
c. R3 = {(1, 3), (2, 1)}
d. R4 = ϕ
Determine which of the relations are reflexive.
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6. Is a Relation ⊥ (perpendicular) on the set L of lines in the plane an
equivalence relation?
7. Let R be the relation on the set of real numbers such that xRy if and only
if x and y are real numbers that differ by less than 1, that is |x − y| < 1.
Show that R is not an equivalence relation.
8. For the relation {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)} on the set {1, 2, 3, 4},
decide whether it is reflexive, whether it is symmetric, whether it is anti-
symmetric, and whether it is transitive.(Justify your answer if the property
is not satisfied)
9. Which of these collections of subsets are partitions of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}? Jus-
tify your answer if it is not a partition.
a.{1, 2}, {2, 3, 4}, {4, 5, 6}
b. {1, 4, 5}, {2, 6}
10. The relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined by the rule (a, b) ∈ R,
if 3 divides (a-b).
(a) List the elements of R and R−1 .
(b) Find the domain and range of R.
(c) Find the domain and range of R−1 .
(d) List the elements of the complement of R.
11. R and S are ”Congruent modulo 3” and ”Congruent modulo 4” relations
respectively on the set of integers. That is R = {(a, b)|a ≡ b(mod3)} and
S = {(a, b)|a ≡ b(mod4)}. Find
(a) R ∪ S
(b) R ∩ S
(c) R − S
(d) S − R
L
(e) R S
12. Which of the following relations on {0, 1, 2, 3} are equivalence relations?
Find the properties of an equivalence relation that the others lack.
(a) R1 = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
(b) R2 = {(0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 0), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
(c) R3 = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
(d) R4 = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
(e) R5 = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
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13. Which of the these relations on the set of all people are equivalence rela-
tions? Determine the properties of an equivalence relation that the others
lack.
(a) {(a, b)|a and b are of the same age}
(b) {(a, b)|a and b have the same parents}
(c) {(a, b)|a and b share the common parent}
(d) {(a, b)|a and b speak a common language}
14. Which of the following relations on the set of all functions from Z to Z are
equivalence relations? Determine the properties of an equivalence relation
that the others lack.
(a) {(f, g)|f (1) = g(1)}
(b) {(f, g)|f (0) = g(0)orf (1) = g(1)}
(c) {(f, g)|f (x) − g(x) = 1∀x ∈ Z}
15. What are the equivalence classes of 0 and 1 for congruence modulo 4?