CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Time management is a skill that plays a crucial role in students

academic achievement, personal growth and future responsibilities.

It involves planning, organizing, prioritize, and control the use

of time effectively to achieve one goal. For a Senior High School

learners, developing a strong time management skills is important,

as education requires an independence, increased academic

workload, and higher expectations for performance. A students who

manage their time well is more likely to meet deadline, experience

low stress levels, and consistent academic success.

Despite the importance of academic time management, many students

struggle to manage time. Procrastination is often associated with

mañana habit, a cultural terms that refers to tendency to delay

doing tasks until the last minute. While mañana habit seems

harmless but it can negatively affect students productivity,

academic performance, and overall learning experience. Learners

who frequently delay tasks may encounter difficulties such as

rushed work, poor – quality output, missed deadlines, and high

anxiety, all which can hinder their academic progress.

Senior High School learners at Far Eastern Polytechnic College

face a various academic and personal demands that require a

effective time management. These include academic requirements,

participation in school activities, and balancing responsibilities

at home. Understanding how time management skills relate to the

mañana habit among students therefore it is essential to identify

the patterns of this behaviourthat influence the academic life.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to De Jesus F. S. & Garcia M. C. (2023), Time management

skills are extremely important in the academic life of students

and should never be taken lightly. Students need to learn how to

properly plan and arrange their time by identifying which tasks

are most important and urgent. One effective way to do this is by

creating schedules or daily to-do lists that clearly outline school

requirements, household responsibilities, and personal activities.

Through proper planning, students are able to use their time wisely

and avoid unnecessary stress.

Preparing ahead of time, especially for examinations, is another

key factor in effective time management. When students review their

notes and lessons in advance, they are more likely to understand

the material and perform better in their exams. This practice helps

them avoid cramming and allows them to study in a more organized

and relaxed manner. As a result, students can improve their

academic performance while maintaining a healthy balance between

schoolwork and personal life.

Aside from academic responsibilities, students also need time to

rest and enjoy leisure activities. After completing school tasks

and household chores, taking time to relax is essential for

maintaining both mental and physical well-being. Proper time

management allows students to enjoy their free time without guilt

because they have already fulfilled their responsibilities. This

balance helps prevent burnout and increases motivation to perform

well in school.

Managing time effectively is also important when students

participate in various academic and school-related activities.

Without proper time allocation, students may rush through their

tasks, which can negatively affect the quality of their work.

Learning how to divide time appropriately enables students to

complete activities carefully and efficiently. For this reason,

implementing an enhancement and sustainability plan for NEUST San

Leonardo Off-Campus Program students is highly recommended, as it

can guide them in developing stronger time management skills that

can be applied both in school and in daily life.

According to Aduke (2015), time management helps individuals

organize and control their activities. It refers to the ability to

plan, arrange, and monitor how time is spent in order to increase

productivity and performance. In the context of students, time

management plays a vital role in improving academic outcomes. When

students know how to use their time effectively, they become more

disciplined and responsible in handling their academic tasks.

Time is an essential resource in the life of every student. It

helps shape good habits, such as being organized and punctual in

completing schoolwork. Since time cannot be recovered once it is

lost, students must learn to value and manage it properly. By

developing good time management habits, students can improve their

academic performance and achieve their educational goals more

efficiently.

Effective time management greatly contributes to students’

achievements and overall success. Students who can properly

allocate their time are better at setting goals, planning

activities, and prioritizing tasks that need immediate attention.

This skill allows them to focus on important responsibilities while

avoiding distractions that may hinder their progress.

Students enrolled in the NEUST San Leonardo Off-Campus Program

often have busy and demanding schedules. Aside from attending

classes, they are required to complete assignments, study for

examinations, and manage their personal responsibilities at home.

Many of them also participate in extracurricular activities,

making it challenging to balance all aspects of their lives.

Because of these demands, students may feel overwhelmed when trying

to complete all tasks within a limited time.

Due to poor time management, many students report difficulties in

finishing their academic requirements. Some even associate their

low academic performance with their inability to manage time

effectively. Without proper planning, students may feel pressured

and stressed, which can negatively affect their focus and

motivation. These challenges highlight the importance of teaching

students effective time management strategies.

Based on the study conducted by Oyuga et al. (2016), time

management is highly beneficial in handling students’ busy

schedules. It helps students become more organized, prepared, and

focused in managing their daily responsibilities. Through

effective time management, students are able to complete academic

tasks on time while still maintaining balance in their personal

lives.

In conclusion, time management is a critical skills that

significantly affect students’ academic performance and overall

well-being. By learning how to plan, prioritize, and balance their

responsibilities, students can improve implementing programs that

enhance time management skills among NEUST San Leonardo Off-campus

Program students will greatly support their academic success and

personal development.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Effective time management is an essential skills for Senior High

School learners as they balance academic responsibility,

extracurricular activities, and personal commitments. However,

many learners exhibit the mañana habit, commonly associated with

procrastination, which may negatively affect their ability to

manage time efficiently, Understanding the relationship between

the mañana habit and time management skills is crucial developing

strategies that promote productivity and academic success among

learners.

This study aims to determine the relationship between mañana habit

and time management skills of Senior High school learners.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms

of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 grade level; and

1.4 strand?

2. What is the level of Mañana Habit of Senior High School

Learners in terms of:

2.1 task postponement;

2.2 avoidance of academic responsibilities;

 2.3 delay in decision-making; and

2.4 time related anxiety?

3. What is the level of time management skills of Senior High

School learners in terms of:

3.1 goal setting and planning;

3.2 priority tasks;

3.3 time allocation and scheduling; and

3.4 self-discipline in accomplishing tasks?

4. What difficulties do learners experience in time management

due to Mañana Habit?

5. Is there significant relationship between the Mañana Habit

and the time management skills of Senior High School learners?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Theory 1: Stress Context Vulnerability Model: According to

Fuschia M.S. (2023), Mañana Habit and higher stress level are

connected that is not receiving a little attention. In this

theory, it is said that form a mood regulation perspective of

procrastination, stressful contexts necessarily increase risk

for Mañana Habit because deplete coping resources and lower the

threshold for tolerating negative emotions. In additional,

Manana Habit becomes a reason to avoid stress and uncomfortable

emotions in any kind of task. This theory are related to our

study because, students may neglect the Mañana Habit to avoid

stress.

Theory 2: Self-Determination Theory (SDT): As stated by Deci

L.E. & Ryan M.R., it is a broad theory of human personality and

motivation concerned with how the human interacts with others

and also it depends on their social environment. It defines how

crucial for personality is the social and cognitive for

individual, it also said in this theory that self-determination

theory have an big impact to the social and cultural contexts

performance and well being. This theory are connected to our

study because, it shows how people motivate or determine an

individual to do something.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Time Management
Mañana Habit
Skills
1. Task Postponement
1. Goal Setting and
2. Avoidance of
Planning
Academic
2. Prioritize of
Responsibilities
Tasks
3. Delay in Decision
3. Time Allocation
Making
and Scheduling
4. 4. Time Related
4. Self-Discipline in
Anxiety
Accomplishing
Tasks

On the left side it includes the Independent variable of the study

namely the Mañana Habit, while on the right side is the Dependent

variable of the study namely Time Management Skills.

Figure 1. The Mañana Habit is the variable that can manipulate the

dependent variable, Mañana Habit negatively influences Time

management Skills by encouraging tasks delay and effective

prioritazion. The habitual nature of this reduces self – discipline

and can be result a weak deadline control.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

Null Hypothesis (H0)

There is no significant relationship between time management

skills and Mañana Habit of Senior High school learners at Far

Eastern Polytechnic College.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study focuses on the time management skills of Senior High

School learners at Far Eastern Polytechnic College. It also

examines how these skills are related to the habit of

procrastination, locally referred to as the “mañana habit.” The

participants of this study are Senior High School students who are

attending the school during the academic year 2025–2026.

The research aims to Investigate how learners manage their time,

including how they prioritize tasks, meet deadlines, and whether

they tend to delay or put off completing schoolwork. Questionnaires

were used as the primary tool to assess the students’ time

management abilities and to explore their connection with the maana

habit. Additionally, the study looks at how the presence of the

maana habit can influence learners’ ability to manage their time

effectively.
The main objective of the study Is to understand the relationship

between time management skills and the mañana habit among Senior

High School learners. By identifying this relationship, the study

seeks to provide insights into how procrastination affects

students’ academic performance and daily responsibilities.

Understanding these patterns can help educators and students

develop strategies to improve time management and reduce

procrastination.

The scope of the study Is limited to Senior High School learners

of Far Eastern Polytechnic College and does not include students

from other schools or educational levels. Factors such as personal

motivation, family background, mental health, and teaching methods

are outside the scope of this research. Consequently, the findings

are specific to the selected respondents and the institution and

cannot be generalized to other populations.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study on the relationship between the time management skills

and mañana habit among Senior High School learners at Far Eastern

Polytechnic College holds a significant impact on education. The

findings of this study can inform development of targeted

interventions and strategies to improve time management skills,

mitigate the procrastination, and enhance the academic

performance. Specifically, the study results can benefit:

Head of School: The study will benefit the head of school because,

it may serve as a basis for developing their school policies for

reducing the Mañana Habit among Senior High School learners at Far

Eastern Polytechnic Vollege.

School Councilors: This study will benefit the school councilors

because, they will have an idea to make programs that will promote

self-discipline and time management skills among Senior High

School learners at Far Eastern Polytechnic College.

Teachers: The findings of this study will also benefit Teacher’s

that will help them to identify who are risk of Mañana Habit.

Parents: Parents may also benefit this study, that they have to

guide their child in proper support and motivate their children to

do their school tasks with responsibilities.

Students: Specially, the students will also benefit in this study

to help them become aware of the effects of the Mañana Habit on

their Time Management Skills through this awareness, students may

have an self-discipline.

Future Researchers: This study may serve as a reference for future

Researchers or students who wants to conduct a study that is

related on Manana Habit.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic - refers to anything related to education, learning, or

research, especially in a formal setting like a school or

university.

Avoidance – is when you deliberately stay away from something,

like a situation, person, or problem . It can be a coping

mechanism, but sometimes it just delays the inevitable .

Decision making - is the process of choosing the best option among

alternatives . It involves weighing pros and cons, considering

outcomes, and picking a path. Sometimes it’s quick, sometimes it’s

a tough call .

Delay – to put off or postpone something until a later time.

Goal setting - is the process of identifying, defining, and

creating objectives you’d like to achieve.

Mañana Habit – refers to procrastination or putting things off

until tomorrow.

Relationship - are tasks or duties you’re expected to handle .

Scheduling - is about planning and organizing your time .

Self Discipline – Self-discipline is about controlling your

impulses and behaviors to achieve goals.

Time allocation - is about assigning time to specific tasks or

activities.

Time management – skills are about prioritizing, organizing, and

controlling how you spend your time.