Basic First Aid & CPR

Burgan Well Drilling Company

Basic First Aid & CPR

Objectives:
• Basic First Aid Case Definition.
• First Aid and medical facilities.
• Identify proper procedures for a variety of medical emergencies.
• Artificial breathing and CPR
• Identify different kind of injuries and how to treat.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Basic First Aid Case Definition:
Any onetime treatment and subsequent observation of minor
scratches, cuts, burs, splinters, and so forth, which do not ordinarily
require medical care.
Such treatment and observation are considered first aid even though
provided by a physician or registered professional personnel.
Basic First Aid & CPR
First Aid Box:
• It is important to know who is the responsible for First Aid intervention and
where are located the first aid boxes.
• A certain Number of Site Personnel shall be Trained in First Aid and shall be
identified as it is while on site.
• When a person is subjected to any condition that requires first aid, or medical
treatment, Report immediately to his supervisor, Notify the HSE Officer/Medic in
the area. Administer Basic First Aid, only if you were trained on that.
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Site Advanced Medical Facilities:
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Site Medical Services:
• Site Medical Services are related to the availability of local structures. Generally a
Minimum First Aid Room is always availbale, till to arrive to a complete clinic with
doctors and ambulance service.
• Site Medical services foreseen the availability of Automatic Defibrilator,
Resuscitator and Nest Stretcher for rescue of trumtised injured persons.
• Periodical are performed to test the medical responce in case of emergency.
Basic First Aid & CPR
The Major Objective of First Aid is to Save life:
• Contact the EMS system.

• Maintain breathing.

• Maintain circulation.

• Prevent continued loss of blood.

• Prevent further injury.

Basic First Aid & CPR
The following steps should be followed when providing Basic Live
Support (BLS):
• Ensure safety of rescuer & victim
• Check responsiveness of the person: tap the shoulder, pinch the skin, shout.
• Call for EMS
If possible, have someone activate the EMS system while you begin BLS.
If no one else is available, activate EMS and begin BLS.
• Position the person on his/her back.
Do not move the victim from the area unless life is in immediate danger. Moving a
person with head, back, or neck injuries can result in paralysis or death.
If it is necessary to move the person, keep his/her head, neck, and body in alignment.
Time is critical. Do not stop to warm the person or to loosen clothing- unless the clothing obstructs his
airway.
Basic First Aid & CPR
• Open the airway.

• Assess breathing. Perform rescue breathing if needed.

• Assess Circulation. Perform CPR if needed

• Stay with the person until medical personnel arrive.

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Breathing
Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
Basic First Aid & CPR
Breathing
Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
• Carefully place the person on his back, check for breathing.
• Open the airway ( head-tilt/ chin-lift method).
• Place the heel of one hand on the victim’s forehead and tilt the head back.
• if neck injury is suspected do not twist the head or tilt the head back,
Elevate the chin slightly to open the airway.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Breathing
Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
• Place the index and middle finger of your other hand under the bony part of
the victim’s chin and pull the chin forward. Avoid overextending the neck because
this can possibly block the airway.
• Check the person’s breathing. ( Look, Listen, and Feel.)
• If no breathing begin artificial ventilation.
• Place the thumb and fingers of your hand on the person’s forehead, and pinch the
person’s nose shut.
• Take a deep breath and place your mouth over the person’s mouth, making a
leak proof seal.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Breathing
Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
• Slowly blow into the person’s mouth.
• Remove your mouth and allow the person to exhale. Take another breath and
immediately blow again to the person’s mouth. Allow 1 ½ to 2 seconds for each
breath.
• Watch for expansion of the person’s chest during each lung inflation.
• If the person’s chest does not rise when air is forced in, the airway may be
blocked.
Basic First Aid & CPR
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a combination of artificial circulation and artificial
ventilation.
• Cardio – Having to do with the heart.

• Pulmonary - Having to do with the lungs.

• Resuscitation - The act of reviving a person and returning them to consciousness.

Basic First Aid & CPR
When to Perform CPR?

• No breathing

• No pulse

• Unconscious
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How to Perform CPR?
• Open the airway; check breathing and pulse.
• If pulse is absent or questionable, start CPR.
• Place the heel of your hand 1 to 1 ½ inches above the lower tip of the sternum.
• Place your other hand on the top of the first hand. Hand Position
• Bring your shoulders directly over the person’s body, keeping your arms straight.
• Press down to depress the sternum 1 ½ to 2 inches. The ratio of CPR is 15:2
* CPR should be made about 80 to 100 chest compression per minute.
• Continue this sequence until pulse and breathing restored or until medical help arrives.
• If pulse and breathing resume, place the person to recovery position.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Wounds:
Minor: lacerations, abrasions, or punctures
• Wash the wound using soap and water; rinse it well.
• Cover the wound using clean dressing.

Major: large, deep and bleeding

• Stop the bleeding by pressing directly on the wound, using a bandage or cloth.
• Elevate the wound above the victim’s heart (if possible).
• If you suspect the person could have a spine, neck, or head injury, do not move the person.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Fractures:
There are two types of fractures:
Closed: the bone is broken but the skin has not been punctured.

Open: the skin is broken as well as the bone.

• A fracture should be suspected if a body part does not have a normal appearance
or function.
Basic First Aid & CPR
How to deal in case of fractures?
• If the fracture is severe, call ambulance immediately.
• Do NOT move the victim unless it is absolutely necessary.
• If the victim must be moved, "splint" the injured area. Use a board, cardboard, or rolled
newspaper as a splint.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Eye Injury:
Small particles:
• Do not rub your eyes.
• Use the corner of a soft clean cloth to draw particles out, or hold the eyelids open and flush the
eyes continuously with water .

stuck particles:
• If a particle is stuck in the eye, cover both eyes with bandage.

Chemical:
• Immediately irrigate the eyes and under the eyelids, with water, for 30 minutes.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Poisoning:
If the poison is in solid form (pills, etc.):
• remove it from the victim’s mouth using a clean cloth wrapped around your finger .

If the poison is a gas:

• Put on a respirator to protect yourself.
• Remove the victim from the dangerous area and take to fresh air.

If the poison is corrosive to the skin:

• remove the clothing from the affected area.
• flush the skin with water for 30 minutes.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Burns:
Thermal Burns
• Apply cool water to the burned area to reduce pain and swelling.
• Apply a dry sterile dressing to the burned area. Do not touch or directly breath on the wound.
• Do not use any commercial sprays or home remedies such as butter.
• Do not break any blisters.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Chemical Burns:
• Flush the exposed area with cool water immediately for 15 to 20 minutes.
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Electrical Shock:
• Take fast action because electrical shock injuries can cause burns and can cause a person's lungs and/or
heart to stop functioning.
• NEVER approach or touch a person who is in contact with live electrical equipment. Locate and shut-off
power source first.
• If power shut-off is not possible and you believe it can be done without personal risk, you may use a
non conducting object (e.g., long piece of wood) to disconnect the person from the live electrical
source.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Action in case of someone in contact with electricity:
• Isolate the supply if possible or move the person away from the source of
electricity using an insulating material such as wood.
• Call for help (Ambulance or First aider)
• Check Airway – breathing – circulation.
• Apply CPR if needed.
• Treat burns if any.
• Remain with casualty till the emergency services arrive.
Basic First Aid & CPR
Heat Exhaustion:
• Loosen the victim's tight clothing.
• Move the person into the shade or cool place.
• Do not let the person become too cold. Shivering should be avoided.
• If the person is conscious and is not having any difficulty of breathing
or any vomiting, he/she may take sips of fluids.
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Heat Stroke:
• Move the person to a cool place indoors or under a shady tree. Place the feet
higher than the head to avoid shock.
• Remove clothing. Either wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet; sponge the person
with towels or sheets that are soaked in cold water; or spray the person with cool
water. Fan the person.
• Put ice packs or cold compresses on the neck, under the armpits, and on the
groin area.
• Once the person's temperature gets to 101ºF, place him or her in the Recovery
Position. Do not lower the temperature further.
• Don't give fever reducing medicine.
Basic First Aid & CPR
When to call for HELP?
Many people worry about calling for help because they are not sure if their situation is an
emergency.
Guidelines for when to call for help are:
• There is no pulse and/or the patient is not breathing.
• Patient is unconscious, but breathing.
• Patient has been in and out of consciousness.
• Patient is complaining of severe pain.
• Any complaints of pain in head, back or neck.
• Dislocations of the elbow knee or shoulder.
• Serious fractures, open/closed/angulated.
• Abdominal pain from a blow to the abdominal area.
Any Questions?
Thank you…