New Course on
Basic Electrical and Electronics
Engineering EE 103
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus
Rupesh Kumar Sah
[Link]@[Link]
Lecturer, IoE Pulchowk Campus
5/2/2024
May 1, 2024 1
Department of Electrical Engineering
Contents IoE, Pulchowk Campus
➢Construction
➢Working Principle
➢EMF Equation
➢Applications
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2.6.4. APPLICATIONS
Synchronous generators are known for their ability to provide stable and consistent electrical
power, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Some are given below:
1. Generating power plants, hydro, steam turbine, gas turbine
2. wind turbines, diesel-electric locomotives, and other industrial and commercial settings.
3. They are also used as backup power sources in hospitals, data centers, and other critical
facilities.
The main advantage of synchronous generator is they can be operated in parallel, which means that
the generators are sharing the load and running at their most efficient point.
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2.6.1 Construction
In a synchronous generator, a DC generator is
applied to the rotor winding producing a rotor
magnetic field. The rotor is then turned by
external means producing a rotating magnetic
field, which induces a 3-ohase voltage within
the stator winding.
Field Windings are the windings producing
the main magnetic field. (Rotor windings).
Armature windings are the windings where
the main voltage is induced ( Stator winding).
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2.6.1 Construction
1. Stator :: The armature is an iron ring, formed of
laminations of special magnetic iron or steel alloy
having slots on its periphery to accommodate
armature conductors and is known as stator.
To minimize the eddy current loss, the stator core is
laminated.
This type of slots also facilitate in removal and
replacement of defective coils.
Number of slots should be large to give sinusoidal
generated emf.
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2.6.1 Construction
2. Rotor or field magnet system :: The
magnetic field required for the
generation of alternating voltage is
provided by field magnets similar to
those of a dc machine and these need
to be supplied with direct current.
The rotor of a synchronous motor are
of two types, salient pole and
cylindrical rotor.
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2.6.1 Construction
The cylindrical pole rotor has the DC field winding embedded in it.
The cylindrical rotor provides greater mechanical strength and permits more
accurate dynamic balancing.
It is particularly used in high-speed turbo generators.
The salient pole rotor has projecting poles in it.
These projecting poles lessen its mechanical strength.
This type of rotor construction is used for low speed applications such as
hydroelectric generators.
Large number of poles in the rotor makes the rotor makes the rotor larger in
diameter and smaller in length.
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2. Working Principle
The field winding which is present
on the rotor of a synchronous
machine is supplied with DC
current .
the DC current will set up a
magnetic field on the rotor.
The rotor is then rotated at
synchronous speed with the help
of prime mover. The magnetic field
of the rotor conductor will cut the
stationery stator coils and an emf
will be induced in it ( Farady's Law).
This EMF will be displaced in phase
by 120 degree.
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2. Working Principle
Frequency of induced emf.
𝑝
𝑓= ∗𝑛
2
Where, p= no of poles on rotor, the P/2 cycles of emf are completed in one
revolution. F= frequency. And n is the number of revolution made per second.
𝑝 𝑁 𝑃𝑁
𝑓= ∗ =
2 60 60
Where, N is the number of revolutions made per minute by the rotor.
Hence frequency of induced emf or current induced in stator conductors depends
upon the number of poles and speed of rotor.
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2.6.3 EMF Equation
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2.6.3 EMF Equation
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