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? OSI Model

The document outlines the OSI Model, which consists of 7 layers for data communication, and the TCP/IP Model, which has 4-5 layers for real-world internet communication. It highlights the differences between the two models, including their theoretical versus practical nature and their development history. Both models aim to ensure safe data transmission from sender to receiver.

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shobysoni66
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5 views2 pages

? OSI Model

The document outlines the OSI Model, which consists of 7 layers for data communication, and the TCP/IP Model, which has 4-5 layers for real-world internet communication. It highlights the differences between the two models, including their theoretical versus practical nature and their development history. Both models aim to ensure safe data transmission from sender to receiver.

Uploaded by

shobysoni66
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

📘 OSI Model (7 Layers)

OSI = Open Systems Interconnection


Ye ek theoretical model hai jo data communication ko 7 layers में divide karta hai.

Layer याद रखने का


Layer Name काम (Functions)
No. तरीका

1 Physical Bits को wire, cable, signal ke through bhejna Hardware, cables

Frames banata hai, error detect karta hai, MAC


2 Data Link Switch
address use karta hai

3 Network IP address assign karta hai, routing karta hai Router

4 Transport Reliable delivery, segmentation, error recovery TCP/UDP

Communication sessions establish, maintain,


5 Session Login session
terminate karta hai

6 Presentation Data ko encrypt/decrypt, compress karta hai SSL, JPEG

End-user ke liye services provide karta hai (email,


7 Application Browser, Gmail
web)

👉 Shortcut to Remember (Hindi Trick):


Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away
(P – Physical, D – Data Link, N – Network, T – Transport, S – Session, P – Presentation, A –
Application)

📗 TCP/IP Model (4–5 Layers)

TCP/IP = Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol


Ye practical model hai jo real-world internet communication mein use hota hai.

Layer याद रखने का


Layer Name काम (Functions)
No. तरीका

Network Access Physical + Data Link combined, framing aur


1 Ethernet, Wi-Fi
(Link Layer) hardware handle karta hai
Layer याद रखने का
Layer Name काम (Functions)
No. तरीका

2 Internet Layer IP addressing, routing, packet forwarding IP, ICMP

Reliable/unreliable delivery, ports manage


3 Transport Layer TCP, UDP
karta hai

4 Application Layer End-user services (HTTP, FTP, SMTP) Web, Email

👉 Shortcut to Remember (Hindi Trick):


All Teachers In Network
(A – Application, T – Transport, I – Internet, N – Network Access)

🔑 Difference Between OSI & TCP/IP

Feature OSI Model TCP/IP Model

Layers 7 4–5

Nature Theory (conceptual) Practical (implemented)

Developed by ISO (1984) DARPA/ARPANET (1970s)

Usage Reference for learning Real-world internet

Example Protocols General TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP

🎯 Exam Notes (Hindi-English Mix)

 OSI Model = Theory, 7 layers, step-by-step detail.

 TCP/IP Model = Practice, 4–5 layers, internet par use hota hai.

 Common Goal = Dono ka main काम hai data ko sender se receiver tak safely
पहुँ चाना.

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