CROP Facts Conditions for growth Grown at
Rice - Staple food of the country - High temp.(>25°C) Areas: plain of N and N.e.
- IND is the 2nd largest - High humidity IND, coastal areas, deltaic
producer(after China) - Ann. rainfall >100cm regions
- Kharif crop States: Assam, West Bengal,
coastal regions of Odisha,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Tamil Nadu, Kerala and
Maharashtra, particularly the
(Konkan coast) along with
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Wheat - 2nd most important crop - Cool growing conditions Areas: Ganga-Satluj plains in
- Main food crop of N and - Bright sunshine during N.w., black soil region of
N.w. regions ripening Deccan
- Rabi crop - Ann. Rainfall 50- Sates: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
75cm(evenly distributed Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
over growing season Bihar and Rajasthan
MILLETS - Aka. coarse grains
- High nutritional value: Ca,
Fe and other
micronutrients and
roughage
Jowar - 3rd most imp. food crop - Rain-fed moist areas States: Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
and Madhya Pradesh
Bajra - Sandy soils States: Rajasthan, Uttar
- Shallow black soils Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
and Haryana
Ragi - Dry regions Sates: Karnataka, Tamil
- Red, black, sandy, loamy Nadu, Himachal Pradesh,
and shallow black soils Uttarakhand, Sikkim,
Jharkhand and Arunachal
Pradesh
Maize - Both food and fodder crop - 21-27°C States: Karnataka, Madhya
- Kharif crop(rabi in Bihar) - Old alluvial soil Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
- Modern inputs have Andhra Pradesh and
increased production Telangana
Pulses - IND is the largest - Need less moisture States: Madhya Pradesh,
producer and cosumer - Can survive dry Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar
- Major source of protein conditions Pradesh and Karnataka
- Being leguminous crops
they restore soil fertility
and are thus grown in
rotation w/ other
crops(except arhar)
- Major Pulses: tur (arhar),
urad, moong, masur, peas
and gram
Sugarcane - IND is the 2nd largest - Tropical and subtropical States: Uttar Pradesh,
producer(after Brazil) crop Maharashtra, Karnataka,
- Products: sugar, - Hot and humid climate Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
gur(jaggary), khandsari, - 21-27°C Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and
molasses - Ann. Rainfall 75-100cm Haryana
- Can grow in a variety of
soild
- Needs manual labour from
sowing to harvesting
OIL SEEDS - 2018-IND 2nd largest
producer of
groundnut(after China)
- 2018-IND 3rd in rapeseed
production(after Canada,
China)
- 12% of total cropping area
- Main Oilseeds: groundnut,
mustard, coconut,
sesamum (til), soyabean,
castor seeds, cotton seeds,
linseed and sunflower
- Edible-cooking
Not edible-raw material
- Linseed & mustard-Rabi
- Sesamum-Kharif in N;
Rabi in S
- Castor seed-both Rabi and
Kharif
Groundnut - Kharif crop States: (2019-2020)
- Half of the major oilseeds 1) Gujrat
produced in IND 2) Rajasthan
3) Tamil Nadu
Tea - Imp. plantation crop - Tropical and subtropical Areas: Assam, hills of
- 2018-IND 2nd largest climate Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri
producer(after China) districts, West Bengal, Tamil
- Originally introduced by - Deep and fertile well- Nadu, Kerala, (Himachal
British drained soil rich in humus Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
- Processed within tea and origanic matter Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh
garden to retain freshness - Warm and moist frost-free and Tripura)
climate all through the yr
- Frequent showers
distributed over the yr
- Labour intensive industry
- Abundant, cheap and
skilled labour
Coffee - IND coffee known for Areas: Nilgiri in Karnataka,
good quality Kerela and Tamil Nadu
- Arabica variety brought
from Yemen-great
demand over the world
- Initially Cultivated-Baba
Budan Hills
Horticulture - 2018-IND 2nd largest - Mangoes: Maharashtra,
crops producer of fruits and Andhra Pradesh,
vegetables(after China) Telangana, Uttar Pradesh
- IND produces tropical & and West Bengal
temperate fruits - Oranges: Nagpur and
- IND imp. producer of: Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya)
pea, cauliflower, onion, - Bananas: Kerala, Mizoram,
cabbage, tomato, brinjal Maharashtra and Tamil
and potato Nadu
- Lichi and Guava: Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar
- Pineapples: Meghalaya
- Grapes: Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana and
Maharashtra
- Apples, Pears, Apricots
and Walnuts: Jammu and
Kashmir and Himachal
Pradesh
Rubber - Imp. industrial raw - Equatorial crop, also States: Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
material grown in tropical and Karnataka and Andaman and
subtropical regions Nicobar islands and Garo hills
- Moist in humid climate of Meghalaya
- Ann. Rainfall >200 cm
- >25°C temperature
FIBRE - 4 major fibre crops in -
CROPS IND: cotton, jute, hemp,
silk
- Sericulture: rearing silk
worms for production of
silk fibre
Cotton - Raw material for cotton - Drier parts of black cotton Area: Drier parts of black
textile industry soil of Deccan Plateau cotton soil of Deccan Plateau
- 2017-IND 2nd largest - High temperature States: Maharashtra, Gujarat,
producer of cotton(after - Light rainfall or irrigation Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
China) - 210 frost-free day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
- Kharif crop - Bright sunshine Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana
- 6-8 months to mature and Uttar Pradesh
Jute - Golden fibre - Well-drained fertile soils States: West Bengal, Bihar,
- Products: gunny bags, - High temp. during growth Assam, Odisha and
mats, ropes, yarn, carpets Meghalaya
and other artefacts
- Due to high cost, it’s
losing market to synthetic
fibres like nylon