RULES

Objectives
By the end of this class, students will be able to identify,
understand, and correctly use the zero and first conditional
tenses to express facts and future possibilities.
WARM-UP
Online classes ar e be t te r t h a n f a c e -to-
face classes.
Stude nt s sh o uld w e a r u n ifo r m s a t
university.
It is bet t er to st u d y in t h e m or n in g
than at night.
Tec hno lo g y m a k e s pe o ple laz y .
Exams are a fa ir w a y t o m ea s ur e
knowledge.
 do e s m o r e ha r m th a n
Social media
good.
e llig e n c e) w ill re p la c e
AI (Artificial Int
teachers.
People shou ld o n ly u s e r e n ew a b le
energy.
Smartphones m a k e re la tio n sh ip s w o rse .
Everyone shou ld lea r n ho w to c o de .
––ing –ed
ing / –ed
Adjectives
Adjectives
 Explanation
Adjectives that
Adjectives that end
end in
in –ing
–ing and
and –ed
–ed describe
describe feelings
feelings

and emotions,
and emotions, but
but they
they are
are used
used inin different
different ways:
ways:

–ed adjectives
–ed adjectives → describe how
describe how people
people feel
feel
(the effect
(the effect on
on aa person).
person).
–ing adjectives
–ing adjectives→ describe the
describe the thing,
thing, person,
person, or
or
situation that
situation that causes
causes the
the feeling.
feeling.
-ed Adjectives (The Emotion Felt)
Form: Ends in -ed (e.g., bored, interested, excited).
Meaning: Describes a feeling or emotion that a person
has or experiences.
Applies to: Usually people (or sometimes animals).
Analogy: Think of the person receiving the feeling.
Example: I am bored. (I have the feeling of boredom.)
Example: She was surprised by the news. (She
experienced surprise.)
-ing Adjectives (The Cause of the Emotion)
Form: Ends in -ing (e.g., boring, interesting, exciting).
Meaning: Describes the thing, person, or situation that
causes the feeling in others.
Applies to: Usually things, situations, events, or
people's qualities.
Analogy: Think of the thing giving the feeling.
Example: The lecture was boring. (The lecture causes
boredom in people.)
Example: That movie is frightening. (It causes fear in
the viewer.)
Examples
Writing Activity: Sentence Builder

Goal: Reinforce the correct usage of the -ing and -ed forms.
Instructions: Give students the following table of words and ask them to create a sentence
for each row, using both the -ing and -ed forms correctly.
Find someone who
[Link] subject do you think is boring?
[Link]’s the most interesting movie you have watched?
[Link] made you excited last weekend?
[Link] book do you think is fascinating?
[Link] did you feel confused in class this week?
[Link] surprising news have you heard recently?
[Link] sport do you think is tiring?
[Link] was your most embarrassing moment at school?
[Link] you know someone who is annoying? Who?
[Link] class do you find fun or interesting? Why?
[Link] TV show or series do you think is boring?
[Link]’s the most exciting trip you’ve ever had?
[Link]’s a confusing word or grammar rule in English for you?
[Link] is the most inspiring teacher you’ve had?
[Link] was the most shocking or surprising thing that happened to you this year?
 JOURN
AL 1
Journal writing: Write about one
situation when you felt stressed.
What happened? How did you feel?
What did you do to relax?”
“What happens
if…?”
 Zero Conditional
If/When + Present Simple, Present Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
When people eat too much sugar, they get sick.
🔹 Use: General truths, facts, scientific rules, habits.
Is used for things that are always true, such as
scientific facts, general truths, and habits. It
describes a cause-and-effect relationship that is
certain and unchanging.
Structure: Present the grammatical structure on the
board:
If + present simple, ... present simple.
... present simple if + present simple.
Emphasize that you can use 'when' instead of 'if'
because the result is certain
 Zero Conditional

Scientific Facts:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

General Truths & Habits:

If I'm tired, I go to bed early.
If it rains, the ground gets wet.
 The Zero (0) Conditional
We use the zero conditional when we want to talk about
facts or things that are generally true.
There are two types of facts:
Facts that are true for everyone.
e.g. If water reaches 100 °C, it boils.

Facts that are true for a specific person, group, family, etc.

e.g. If I eat peanuts, I get sick.

 Form of Zero Conditional

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs
(one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause’).

If + present simple, .... present simple.

If you heat ice, it melts.
V1 V1

Main clause
If clause (result)
(action)
Usages of the Zero Conditional
Usually, the if clause is the first part and the main clause is the second part of a
sentence, but they can written in the opposite as well.

If you touch fire, you get burned.

You get burned if you touch fire.

 Using when instead of if
If = When
In zero conditional, we can usually replace if with when if it doesn’t change the
meaning of the sentence.

If babies are hungry, they cry.

When babies are hungry, they cry.
OR
Babies cry if they are hungry.
Babies cry when they are hungry.
 Zero Conditional Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the correct form.

1. If I __________________ (wake up) late, I __________________ (be) late for work.

2. If my husband __________________ (cook) , he ________________ (burn) the food.
3. If Julie _______________ (not/wear) a hat, she __________________ (get)
sunstroke.
4. If children ________________ (not/eat) well, they _______________ (not/be)
healthy.
5. If you ______________ (mix) water and electricity, you _____________ (get) a shock.
1. If people ______________ (eat) too many sweets, they ______________ (get) fat.

2. If you __________________ (smoke) , you __________________ (get) yellow fingers.

3. If children ______________ (play) outside, they ______________ (not/get) overweight.

4. If you __________________ (heat) ice, it __________________ (melt).

5. If I __________________ (speak) to John, he __________________ (get) annoyed.

6. I __________________ (feel) good the next day if I _______________ (go) to bed early.

7. Lots of people __________________ (come) if Jenny ______________ (have) a party.

8. She __________________ (buy) expensive clothes if she ____________ (go) shopping.

9. My daughter ______________ (pass) her exams if she ______________ (work) hard.

[Link] __________________ (become) sick if he __________________ (drink) milk.

 THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
the first conditional is for possible future situations.
Use of First Conditional: Explain that we use it to talk about a
potential future event or a realistic possibility and its likely result.
Structure: Present the grammatical structure on the board:
If + present simple, ... will + base verb.
... will + base verb if + present simple.
Point out that the 'if' clause still uses the present simple tense, but
the main clause uses 'will' to talk about the future result.

Examples:
If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the park.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If she doesn't hurry, she'll miss the bus.
 FORM

IF + Simple Present, WILL Future

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
OR
WILL Future IF + Simple Present
MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE
 1ˢᵗ Conditional
Function (if + present simple + simple future)
Predictions/possible in present and future time
Situation: A working person
If I have enough money, I’ll go to Phuket this
holiday.
Situation:
If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the park.
Situation: Susan and Peter are couple
If Susan leaves, Peter will be sad.
 First To talk about realistic
conditional situations that might happen
in the future.

e.g.: If it rains today, I’ll stay

e.g.: I won’t go to the party
at home
if my headache gets worse

If-clause Can come first or second

Formula If + present simple +
will/won’t + infinitive
If you study hard, you will get good marks
 EXAMPLES

If I find her address, I will send her an invitation. =

I will send her an invitation if I find her address.
Also You can use IMPERATIVE or CAN +
INFINITVE instead of will + infintive

IfIfyou
youstudy
studyhard,
hard,you
youwill
willget
getgood
goodmarks
marks
If you study hard, you can get good marks
 Activity: Match
I go to the
If I am tired,
doctor.

I eat
If I feel sick,
something.

If you mix blue

they get fat.
and red,

If I am
I go to bed.
hungry,

If people eat you get

too much, purple.
 MAKE FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

[Link] she doesn’t get a taxi quickly... a. ...you won’t have many friends.

[Link] I get 90% in my exam... b. ...she will not arrive in time at the airport.

[Link] it rains tomorrow, ... c. ...they won’t pass the exam.

4. If my parents come to dinner tonight, ... d. ...I will feel very happy

e. ...we won’t have a picnic.

5. If you aren’t polite, ...

f. ...I will cook lasagna.

6. If they don’t study harder, ...
 BUT...

If we are certain something will happen

we use WILL in the result clause.

If we are less certain, use MAY, MIGHT

or COULD in the result clause
 CHAIN STORY
Start a sentence with an 'if' clause (e.g., "If I win the lottery...").
The first student completes the sentence (e.g., "...I'll buy a new car.").
The next student uses the previous student's main clause as their new
'if' clause (e.g., "If I buy a new car, I'll drive it to the beach.").
T h a n k y o u f o r
your
a t t e n t io n