CHAPTER 5 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Exercise
Select the best answer for the following Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs):
Question A B C D A B C D
Environmental Industrial Motion Detection Climate
1. Fluid flow sensor is a type of:
Sensor Sensor Sensor Control Sensor
The cloud model that provides
2. services to multiple Public Cloud Private Cloud Community Cloud Hybrid Cloud
organizations is known as:
The cloud model that provides
3. Public Cloud Private Cloud Community Cloud Hybrid Cloud
the best security of data is:
Exchange of information
Cloud Big Data Embedded Communication
4. between IoT devices and end- Computing Analytics Systems Protocols
users is provided by:
Public Private Consortium
The Blockchain network that is Permissioned
5. Blockchain Blockchain Blockchain
most difficult to set up is: Blockchain network
network network network
The Blockchain network that is Public Private Permissioned Consortium
6. open for everyone to join is Blockchain Blockchain Blockchain Blockchain
called: Network Network Network Network
The sensors used to prevent
Environment Industrial Motion Detection Restricted Area
7. unauthorized movement in
Sensors Sensors Sensors Sensors
restricted areas are called:
Sensors used for measuring
humidity, air quality, air Environment Industrial Motion Detection Measurement
8.
pressure, temperature, and wind Sensors Sensors Sensors Sensors
speed are called:
Software that is permanently
System Application Machine
9. installed in an electronic Firmware
Software Software Software
machine is known as:
A digital ledger of transactions
Accounting Network
10. shared and maintained by Database Blockchain
Software Ledger
network users is called:
Give short answers to the following Short Response Questions (SRQs):
1. How IoT can enhance our daily life?
IoT enhances our daily life by:
1) Automating Tasks: Smart devices like lights, thermostats, and appliances save time and energy.
2) Improving Health: Wearable devices monitor health metrics like heart rate and steps.
3) Increasing Safety: IoT-enabled security cameras and alarms provide real-time monitoring and
alerts.
This makes our lives more convenient, efficient, and secure.
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2. Provide 3 examples of WSNs used in IoT system.
Examples of WSNs used in IoT systems:
1) Smart Agriculture: Sensors monitor soil moisture and temperature to improve crop yield.
2) Smart Homes: Sensors detect motion, temperature, and gas leaks for safety and comfort.
3) Environmental Monitoring: Sensors measure air quality, humidity, and pollution levels.
These systems help in automation, safety, and efficient resource management.
3. Differentiate between public cloud model and private cloud models.
Aspect Public Cloud Private Cloud
Definition Cloud services available to Cloud services dedicated to a single
multiple users over the internet. organization.
Accessibility Open to the public, anyone can Restricted to a specific
access with proper credentials. organization or user group.
Cost Cost-effective as resources are Higher cost due to dedicated
shared among users. infrastructure and resources.
Security Moderate security, depends on the High security, controlled by the
provider's measures. organization.
Scalability Highly scalable as resources are Limited scalability compared to
pooled. public cloud.
Examples AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google On-premises VMware, IBM
Cloud. Private Cloud.
4. What is Blockchain? Why data stored in a Blockchain is secure?
Blockchain is a digital ledger that records transactions in a series of connected blocks. It is decentralized,
meaning no single authority controls it.
Why it is secure:
1) Data Encryption: Each block is encrypted, making it difficult to tamper with.
2) Decentralization: Data is stored across multiple nodes, so hacking one node won’t compromise the
entire system.
3) Immutability: Once data is added, it cannot be altered without changing all subsequent blocks.
5. Why integration of Blockchain and IoT is beneficial?
Integrating Blockchain and IoT is beneficial because:
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1) Enhanced Security: Blockchain secures IoT data with encryption and decentralization, reducing
hacking risks.
2) Improved Transparency: All transactions and data are recorded in a tamper-proof ledger, making
them traceable.
3) Efficient Automation: Smart contracts in Blockchain can automate IoT processes without needing
intermediaries.
This combination makes IoT systems safer, more reliable, and efficient.
6. Define permissioned Blockchain network.
A permissioned Blockchain network is a type of Blockchain where only approved participants can access
and use the network.
1) Access Control: Users need permission to join and perform actions.
2) More Secure: Access restrictions reduce unauthorized activities.
3) Use Case: Often used by businesses to share data securely within a group.
This ensures better privacy and control over the network.
Give long answers to the following Extended Response Questions (ERQs)
1. What is Blockchain technology? Describe in detail how transactions are processed using Blockchain
technology.
Blockchain is a digital ledger that records transactions in a secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof manner.
It consists of a chain of blocks, where each block contains a list of transactions. This technology is used for
transparency and security in various applications like cryptocurrencies, supply chain management, and
more.
How transactions are processed using Blockchain:
1) Initialization: A user initiates a transaction, such as sending cryptocurrency or updating data.
2) Verification: The transaction is broadcast to a network of computers (nodes) for validation. These
nodes ensure the transaction follows the rules of the system.
3) Consensus: The network uses a consensus mechanism (e.g., Proof of Work or Proof of Stake) to
agree that the transaction is valid.
4) Block Creation: Once verified, the transaction is grouped with others to form a block.
5) Adding to the Chain: The new block is added to the Blockchain, linked to the previous block using
a cryptographic hash. This ensures the chain remains tamper-proof.
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6) Finalization: The transaction is completed and recorded permanently, visible to all participants.
This process ensures that transactions are secure, transparent, and immutable.
2. Briefly explain the role of the following technologies that enabled IoT:
a. Cloud computing
b. Communication protocols
c. Embedded systems
a) Cloud Computing: Cloud computing provides the storage and processing power IoT devices need to
handle vast amounts of data. It enables devices to access resources, store data, and perform analytics in
real-time, making IoT systems scalable and efficient.
b) Communication Protocols: Communication protocols, like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and MQTT, allow IoT
devices to connect and exchange data. These protocols ensure reliable and secure communication
between devices, gateways, and the cloud.
c) Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are the small computer chips inside IoT devices that process
data and control their operations. They make IoT devices smart and capable of interacting with their
environment by running specialized software.
3. Criticize the negative impacts of AI systems in the domain of education and learning of students.
AI systems can make learning easier, but they also have some bad effects:
1) Less Human Interaction: Students may rely more on machines and interact less with teachers and
classmates, which can hurt their communication and teamwork skills.
2) Overdependence: If students depend too much on AI tools for answers, they might stop thinking
critically or solving problems on their own.
3) Loss of Creativity: AI gives ready-made solutions, which can reduce students’ creativity and
original thinking.
4) Privacy Concerns: AI systems collect personal data, which can put students’ privacy at risk if not
handled properly.
5) Unequal Access: Not all students can afford AI tools, leading to a gap between rich and poor
students in learning opportunities.
4. Examine the reasons behind the conflicting requirements among stakeholders during the
development of AI systems.
Following are the reasons for Conflicting Requirements among Stakeholders in AI Development:
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1) Different Goals: Stakeholders like developers, users, businesses, and governments often have
different aims. For example, businesses want profit, while users want safety and fairness.
2) Privacy vs. Personalization: Users want privacy, but companies want data to make AI more
personalized, which causes conflict.
3) Cost vs. Quality: Managers may want to reduce costs, while developers need more resources to
make high-quality, ethical AI systems.
4) Speed vs. Safety: Some want the AI system developed quickly, while others focus on careful testing
and safety, which takes more time.
5) Ethical Concerns: Some stakeholders worry about fairness, bias, or job loss due to AI, while others
focus mainly on efficiency and profits.
5. Consider creating a cutting-edge system for language learning. The priorities of teachers, learners,
and programmers will all differ. How would it help to make the new language learning system better
by incorporating the varying priorities? How can AI be added to it?
When creating a new language learning system, considering the different needs of teachers, learners, and
programmers can make it more useful and effective:
1) Teachers’ Priorities: Teachers want tools that help track progress and support good teaching.
Including their ideas ensures the system helps with real classroom needs.
2) Learners’ Priorities: Learners want a fun, easy, and flexible way to learn. Listening to them helps
create a system that keeps them interested and supports different learning styles.
3) Programmers’ Priorities: Programmers focus on building a system that works well and is easy to
update. Their input ensures the system is reliable and smooth to use.
How AI Can Be Added:
AI can give personalized lessons based on each student’s level.
It can offer instant feedback on speaking, writing, and grammar.
AI-powered chatbots can help students practice real conversations anytime.
AI can also help teachers by checking homework or suggesting improvements.
Balancing all priorities and using AI can make the system smarter, more helpful, and enjoyable for
everyone.
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Activity 1: Take an example of an IoT application and identify how each component of
connectivity, processing, AI, cloud computing, and battery power enables that application.
IoT Application: Smart Home Thermostat
A smart home thermostat controls the temperature in home automatically.
1. Connectivity: It connects to Wi-Fi or mobile networks to receive user commands and weather updates
from the internet.
2. Processing: The built-in chip (processor) understands the data it gets from temperature sensors and user
settings.
3. AI (Artificial Intelligence): AI learns user habits (like when he come home) and adjusts the
temperature to save energy and increase comfort.
4. Cloud Computing: It stores user data and settings in the cloud, so user can control the thermostat from
phone, even when not at home.
5. Battery Power: Some smart thermostats use battery power to keep working during power cuts or if
wired power is not available.
Together, these parts help the thermostat work smartly, saving energy and making life easier.
Activity 2: Have the students work through a Blockchain application where the students
act like Blockchain users and maintain a ledger through their peer-to-peer network in
class.
Classroom Blockchain Simulation
Goal: Help students understand how Blockchain works by acting like users and keeping a shared ledger.
Steps:
1. Set the Scene: Students of the class are part of a digital money system using Blockchain.
2. Create a Ledger: Each student has a piece of paper. This is their copy of the ledger (a list of
transactions).
3. Start Transactions: One student says, “I send 5 coins to Musa.” All students write this on their paper
exactly the same.
4. Verify (Peer-to-Peer Check): Ask the class, “Do we all agree this transaction is real?” If most agree,
it’s added to the ledger.
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5. Make More Transactions: Repeat with more students sending coins. Every time, all students write it
down and check it.
6. Block Creation: After 4-5 transactions, call it a “block.” Add a block number and continue with new
ones.
7. Show Importance of Accuracy: Try changing one person’s ledger. Let students see how it doesn't
match with others — showing how Blockchain keeps things secure and trustworthy.
Activity 3: Have a discussion in class where you divide the class into groups. Each group is
further divided into three roles where one role represents advertisers that are trying to
sell their products on a social media platform, the second role is using social media to
connect with friends, and the third role is the developers who are trying to sign up more
users and trying to get the existing users to spend more time on their application. Help the
discussion on how each role has different expectations from the AI algorithms being used
in the application.
Class Discussion on AI in Social Media – Role Play
Objective: Understand how different people expect different things from AI used in social media.
Step-by-Step Instructions:
1. Divide the Class into Groups: Each group has 3 roles:
Advertisers
Social Media Users
Developers
2. Role Descriptions:
Advertisers: Want AI to show their ads to the right people who are most likely to buy.
Expect AI to analyze user behavior and place ads smartly.
Social Media Users: Want AI to protect privacy, avoid too many ads, and show interesting
posts from friends. Expect AI to be fair and not addictive.
Developers: Want AI to help keep users on the app longer by showing engaging content.
Expect AI to increase user time and app popularity.
3. Discussion Questions (Guide Each Group):
What does your role want the AI to do?
What problems could your role face because of AI?
How can we make AI fair to everyone?
4. Group Sharing: Each group shares what their 3 roles discussed and where their needs clashed or
agreed.
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