GOOD DAY CLASS!
Instructions:
The teacher will present five (5) sets of data, one at a time.
For each set:
1. Compute the mean within 30 seconds.
2. Determine whether:
• The mean is equal to the median,
• The mean is less than the median, or
• The mean is greater than the median.
3. Follow the corresponding movement rule.
• If Mean = Median → Stand up straight.
• If Mean < Median → Stand up and performed a ballet pose to the left.
• If Mean > Median → Stand up and performed a ballet pose to the right.
• Set 1
8, 9, 11, 11, 13, 14
• Set 2
3, 4, 5, 6, 20
• Set 3
10, 15, 18, 19, 23
• Set 4
7, 9, 10, 11, 13
• Set 5
2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 2, 6
The Normal
Distribution
Normal Distribution
- is a fundamental concept in statistics that
describes how data values are distributed around
the mean. It is commonly used in many real-life
applications, including standardized testing,
quality control, and health data analysis.
Normal Distribution
• Set 1
8, 9, 11, 11, 13, 14
Properties of Normal Distribution
The curve has a single peak
meaning the distribution is
unimodal.
It is a bell-shaped curve.
The end tails of the curve can be
extended indefinitely in both sides
It follows the Empirical Rule:
Empirical Rule
• 68% of all data set falls within 1 standard
deviation (𝜇 ± 𝜎)from the mean
• 95% of all data set falls within 2 standard
deviations (𝜇 ± 2𝜎) from the mean
• 99.7% of all data set falls within 3 standard
deviations (𝜇 ± 3𝜎) from the mean
• Lacking: 100 - 99.7 - outliers
Empirical Rule
Example:
The average IQ score is 100 with a standard deviation of 15.
Answer the questions:
1. What scores fall within
68% of the distribution?
2. What scores fall within
95% of the distribution?
3. What scores fall within
99.7% of the distribution?
Symmetric vs. Skewed Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution
(Z-scores)
A Z-score represent how
many the standard
deviations a value is from
the mean.
𝑿− 𝝁
𝒁=
𝝈
Where:
X = the value
𝜇 = the mean
𝜎 = standard deviation
Example 1:
If a test has a mean of 80 and
a standard deviation of 5,
what is the Z-score for a
score of 90?
Example 2:
If Z = 1.5, what percentage
of values fall below this
score?
Chebyshev’s Theorem
The proportion of any distribution that lies
within k standard deviations of the mean
𝟏
is at least 𝟏 − 𝟐 , where k is any positive
𝒌
number larger than 1. This theorem
applies to all distributions of data.
𝟏
Minimum proportion = 𝟏 − 𝟐
𝒌
Where:
k = number of standard deviations
from the mean
Example:
What proportion of values
falls within 4 standard
deviation of the mean?
A factory produces batteries with:
Mean lifespan = 800 hours
Standard deviation = 50 hours
a. Using the Empirical Rule, determine the range containing
approximately 95% of battery life.
b. Using Chebyshev’s Theorem (k = 3), determine the minimum
percentage of batteries within 3 standard deviations of the
mean.
1. The scores in a national examination are normally
distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10.
a. What range of scores contains approximately 68% of the
students?
b. What range contains approximately 95% of the students?
c. What range contains approximately 99.7% of the
students?
Testing for Normality
Testing for Normality
Testing for Normality
What are the main
characteristics of a
normal distribution?
How does the
Empirical Rule help us
understand data in a
normal distribution?
How is Chebyshev’s
Theorem different
from the Empirical
Rule?
Thanks for
listening!