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Science

The document outlines fundamental concepts in general science, including the scientific method, the distinction between mass and weight, and the principles of force and measurement. It explains variables in experiments, the importance of controlled conditions, and introduces basic physical forces and their equations. Additionally, it covers the concept of machines and simple machines that enhance work efficiency.

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Jillian Manga
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6 views3 pages

Science

The document outlines fundamental concepts in general science, including the scientific method, the distinction between mass and weight, and the principles of force and measurement. It explains variables in experiments, the importance of controlled conditions, and introduces basic physical forces and their equations. Additionally, it covers the concept of machines and simple machines that enhance work efficiency.

Uploaded by

Jillian Manga
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SCIENCE (GENERAL SCIENCE)

Scientific Method Mass vs Weight


~ Logical process for experimentation ~ Mass indicates the amount of matter in
~ Used to explore observations and an object.
answer questions to acquire new ~ Weight refers to the pull of gravity on
knowledge. that object.
Weight (N) = mass (kg) x Gravity
Controlled Experiment
~ a scientific test conducted under Density
controlled conditions ~ The mass of an object per unit volume
~ one or few variables are changed at a ~ Water has a density of 1g/cc
time while other are constant.
D = mass (g) / volume (cc)
Trials – Number of times the experiment is
repeated. Force
Variables – Factors that are changing in ~ The measurement of a push or pull from
an experiment. two objects.
 Independent – Factors changes by ~ Has both magnitude and direction
the scientists. (vector quantity)
 Dependent – Factors that respond
to change made by the a. Measuring force
independent variable. Force (N) = Mass x Acceleration
 Controlled – Quantities that remain
constant but carefully observed. b. Fundamental Forces of Nature

Analyze Data & Draw Conclusion 1. Gravitational Force – Attracts


Law – Description of an observed all objects with mass.
phenomenon. F = G x (m1 x m2) / r²
Theory – Explanation of a phenomenon.
2. Electromagnetic Force – A
physical interaction between
MEASUREMENT electrically charged particles.

3. Weak Nuclear Force


Volume – Amount of space occupied by a – responsible for process like
three-dimensional object or figure. radioactive decay & neutrino
interactions.
a. Volume of Regular Solids
Cube- l x l x l 4. Strong Nuclear Force – Holds
Cuboid (rectangle) - l x b x h the nuclei of atoms together.
Cone – 1/3 π r 2h
Work
Sphere – 4/3 π r 3 ~ The force applied to an object that
Cylinder – π r 2h causes it to move in the direction of the
applied force.
Temperature
~ The measure of hotness or coldness of Work (J) = force (N) x displacement (m)
an object or environment.
o Fahrenheit: F = (C x 9/5) + 32
o Celsius: C = (F-32) x 5/9
o Kelvin: K = C + 273
MACHINES
~ Any mechanical tool that reduces
human effort and makes works more
efficient.

a. Simple Machine - allows force to be


applied in a way that easier to
manipulate.
1. Lever -

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