SECTION A (1 mark × 16 = 16)
MCQs (12)
1. The electric field at a point due to a dipole at equatorial position varies as:
a) 1/r
b) 1/r²
c) 1/r³
d) Constant
2. The drift velocity of electrons increases when:
a) Temperature increases
b) Electric field increases
c) Length increases
d) Area increases
3. Magnetic field inside a long solenoid depends on:
a) Current only
b) Number of turns only
c) Current and number of turns
d) Radius only
4. In AC circuit at resonance:
a) Current is minimum
b) Power factor is zero
c) Impedance is minimum
d) Voltage leads current
5. A convex lens of power 5D forms image. Its focal length is:
a) 20 cm
b) 10 cm
c) 5 cm
d) 2 cm
6. Young’s double slit experiment shows fringes because of:
a) Diffraction
b) Interference
c) Reflection
d) Refraction
7. Photoelectric effect supports:
a) Wave nature of light
b) Particle nature of light
c) Dual nature
d) Magnetic nature
8. Binding energy per nucleon is maximum for:
a) Hydrogen
b) Iron
c) Uranium
d) Helium
9. Semiconductor behaves as insulator at:
a) High temperature
b) Low temperature
c) Medium temperature
d) All temperatures
10. The emf induced in a coil is maximum when:
a) Flux constant
b) Flux zero
c) Flux changes fastest
d) Flux minimum
11. Capacitor stores energy in form of:
a) Heat
b) Electric field
c) Magnetic field
d) Mechanical energy
12. When white light passes through prism, deviation is maximum for:
a) Red
b) Blue
c) Violet
d) Green
Assertion–Reason (4)
13.
Assertion: Current density depends on electric field.
Reason: J = σE
14.
Assertion: In AC circuit power factor = 1 at resonance.
Reason: Voltage and current are in phase.
15.
Assertion: Photoelectric emission stops below threshold frequency.
Reason: Energy depends on frequency.
16.
Assertion: In p-n junction, depletion region has no free charge carriers.
Reason: Electrons recombine with holes.
SECTION B (2 marks × 5 = 10)
17. Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.
18. A wire has resistance R. What happens to resistance if length is doubled and area halved?
OR
Define resistivity. Does it depend on dimensions?
19. State Lenz’s law with example.
20. Why is sky blue? (Rayleigh scattering concept)
21. Write two differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
SECTION C (3 marks × 7 = 21)
22. Derive expression for electric field at axial point of dipole.
23. Find drift velocity of electrons in a copper wire carrying current 3 A.
(Given number density n)
24. Explain working of cyclotron with diagram.
OR
Derive expression for magnetic force on moving charge.
25. Derive formula for equivalent capacitance of two capacitors in series.
26. Explain construction and working of transformer. Write losses.
27. Explain interference in Young’s double slit experiment and derive fringe width formula.
28. State Bohr’s postulates. Derive radius of nth orbit.
SECTION D (Case Study – 4 × 2 = 8)
Case Study 1 – Current Electricity
A student studies V-I graph of a conductor. He finds graph is straight line.
Answer:
a) What law is verified?
b) What does slope represent?
c) If slope increases, what happens to resistance?
d) Why does graph become non-linear at high temp?
Case Study 2 – Semiconductor Diode
A p-n junction diode is used in rectifier circuit.
a) Define depletion region
b) Why diode conducts in forward bias?
c) Why reverse current is small?
d) Name device used for voltage regulation
SECTION E (5 marks × 3 = 15)
(HIGH PROBABILITY DERIVATION QUESTIONS)
29. Derive expression for potential energy stored in a capacitor.
OR
Derive formula for electric field due to infinite plane sheet.
30. Derive lens maker’s formula and explain sign convention.
OR
Explain total internal reflection. Derive critical angle formula.
31. Derive expression for AC current in LCR circuit. Define impedance & resonance.
OR
Explain working of transistor as amplifier with circuit diagram.
SECTION A (1 × 15 = 15) – Conceptual
MCQs
1. A charge q is placed at center of cube. Electric flux through one face is:
(a) q/ε₀
(b) q/6ε₀
(c) 6q/ε₀
(d) zero
2. Two capacitors 3 μF and 6 μF in series across 12 V. Charge on each:
(a) 12 μC
(b) 24 μC
(c) 18 μC
(d) 36 μC
3. Drift velocity is proportional to:
(a) Electric field
(b) Temperature
(c) Length
(d) Area
4. Magnetic field at center of circular loop carrying current I and radius R:
(a) μ₀I/2R
(b) μ₀I/R
(c) μ₀IR
(d) μ₀I/4R
5. At resonance in LCR circuit:
(a) XL = XC
(b) Current zero
(c) Voltage zero
(d) Power zero
6. Fringe width increases when:
(a) λ increases
(b) D decreases
(c) d increases
(d) λ decreases
7. Photoelectric current depends on:
(a) Intensity
(b) Frequency
(c) Work function
(d) Potential
8. Binding energy highest per nucleon in:
(a) He
(b) Fe
(c) U
(d) H
9. Transformer works on principle of:
(a) Mutual induction
(b) Self induction
(c) Heating effect
(d) Rectification
10. Reverse bias p-n junction acts as:
(a) Conductor
(b) Insulator
(c) Capacitor
(d) Resistor
11. Electric field lines never:
(a) Start on +ve
(b) End on −ve
(c) Intersect
(d) Spread
12. If wavelength doubles, photon energy becomes:
(a) Same
(b) Double
(c) Half
(d) Zero
13. Power factor = 0 means:
(a) Pure resistor
(b) Pure inductor/capacitor
(c) Resonance
(d) Maximum current
14. Potential due to dipole at large distance varies as:
(a) 1/r
(b) 1/r²
(c) 1/r³
(d) Constant
15. Depletion region width increases in:
(a) Forward bias
(b) Reverse bias
(c) No bias
(d) Breakdown
SECTION B (2 × 5 = 10) – Short Numericals
16. A wire of resistance 4 Ω is stretched to double its length. Find new resistance.
17. A 5 μF capacitor charged to 200 V. Find energy stored.
18. An electron moves in magnetic field 0.02 T with velocity 2×10⁶ m/s perpendicular. Find
force.
19. Focal length of convex lens is 20 cm. Find power.
20. Work function = 3 eV. Find threshold wavelength.
SECTION C (3 × 7 = 21) – Medium
Numericals
21. Two charges +4 μC and −2 μC separated by 3 m.
Find point where net electric field is zero.
22. A copper wire carries 5 A current.
Number density = 8.5×10²⁸ electrons/m³
Area = 1 mm²
Find drift velocity.
23. A 10 mH coil connected to 50 Hz AC.
Find inductive reactance.
OR
A 100 μF capacitor in 50 Hz AC supply. Find capacitive reactance.
24. A proton enters magnetic field 0.1 T with speed 10⁶ m/s perpendicular.
Find radius of circular path.
25. In Young’s double slit:
λ = 6000 Å
D=2m
d = 0.5 mm
Find fringe width.
26. A radioactive substance has half life 10 days.
Find fraction remaining after 30 days.
27. A step-down transformer 220 V to 22 V.
Primary turns = 1000
Find secondary turns and current if power = 440 W.
SECTION D (Case Study – 4 × 2 = 8)
Case Study – LCR Circuit
An LCR series circuit has:
R = 40 Ω
L = 0.2 H
C = 50 μF
f = 50 Hz
Find:
a) XL
b) XC
c) Impedance
d) Current if V = 220 V
SECTION E (5 × 3 = 15) – LONG
NUMERICALS (VERY TOUGH)
28. A parallel plate capacitor:
Area = 0.02 m²
Separation = 2 mm
Potential = 100 V
Find:
• Capacitance
• Charge
• Energy stored
OR
Three capacitors 2μF, 4μF, 6μF connected: 2 & 4 in series, then parallel with 6.
Find equivalent capacitance.
29. A convex lens forms image of object placed 30 cm away.
Image formed 60 cm on other side.
Find:
• Focal length
• Power
• Nature of image
OR
A ray enters glass (μ = 1.5) at 30°.
Find angle of refraction and critical angle.
30. A transistor amplifier has:
Input current = 0.5 mA
Output current = 50 mA
Load resistance = 2 kΩ
Find:
• Current gain
• Output voltage
• Power gain
OR
Photoelectric effect:
λ = 400 nm
Work function = 2 eV
Find:
• Photon energy
• Max KE
• Stopping potential