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Practical No. 13: Monitoring of air quality, temperature, humidity, and

other environmental parameters

I Practical Significance:

Monitoring environmental parameters such as air quality, temperature, and humidity is crucial
in industries to ensure worker safety, product quality, and equipment reliability. Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT) enables real-time data collection and remote monitoring, allowing
industries to detect hazardous conditions early, optimize processes, and comply with safety
regulations. This experiment demonstrates how sensor data can be acquired, processed, and
transmitted using IoT technology for industrial applications.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

• This practical is expected to develop the following skill:

‘Maintain system based on Internet of Things (IoT)’

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

• CO2 - Integrate sensors and actuators to develop IoT based applications using NodeMCU.
• CO3 - Use IoT communication protocols for data handling.
• CO4 - Describe the role of IIoT in Industry 4.0.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

• LLO 13.1 Send data from sensors to the cloud for analysis.
• LLO 13.2 Control actuators based on the data analysis to maintain optimal conditions.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Follow safe practices.
2. Maintain tools and equipment.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the use of interconnected sensors, devices,
and communication technologies in industrial environments. Sensors such as temperature,
humidity, and gas sensors collect environmental data. A microcontroller processes this data
and transmits it over a network for monitoring and analysis. Air quality monitoring helps
detect harmful gases, while temperature and humidity control are vital for industrial
processes, storage, and employee comfort.

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VII Practical setup in Laboratory.

a) Sample:

Fig. 13.1: IoT-Based Air Quality and Temperature Monitoring with Relay Control

b) Actual setup used in Laboratory:

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr.
Instruments/Components Specification Quantity
No
Pentium IV or above with Keyboard, Mouse,
1 Desktop PC 1
Monitor
Latest Version:
Arduino IDE 2.x (Current major release)
Arduino IDE 1.8.x (Legacy, still widely
used)
Programming Language: Java (v1.x),
2 Arduino IDE software TypeScript/Electron (v2.x) 1
Operating Systems Supported:
Windows 10 or later (64-bit), macOS 10.15
(Catalina) or later, Linux (64-bit
Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions)
Tensilica LX6 dual-core 32-bit
microprocessor
Clock Speed: Up to 240 MHz
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage (VIN): 4.5V to 12V (via
VIN pin) or 5V via micro-USB
Digital I/O Pins: Up to 34 GPIO pins
(some input-only)
3 Esp32 PWM Pins: All GPIO pins support PWM 1
(up to 16 channels, 8–16 bit resolution)
Analog Input: Up to 18 channels (12-bit
ADC, 0–3.3V input range)
Analog Output: 2 DAC channels (8-bit)
Flash Memory: Typically 4MB (varies by
module)
SRAM: 520 KB internal SRAM
EEPROM: Emulated in flash
Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz)
Bluetooth: Bluetooth v4.2 + BLE
Cable length: 1 Meter
USB To Micro USB cable for
4 connector type: USB to USB Male to Male 1
connection
Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 6V
Operating current: 1.0mA (measuring) 40–
50uA (standby)
Output: Serial data
5 DHT22 Temperature Range: -40°C to 80°C 1
Humidity Range: 0% to 100%
Resolution: Temperature 0.1°C, Humidity
0.1% RH

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6 MQ2 Gas Sensor Operating Voltage: 5V 1
Operating current: ~150mA (heater on)
Output: Analog and Digital
Gas Detection: LPG, Propane, Methane,
Hydrogen, Smoke
Detection Range: 300 to 10,000 ppm

7 Relay 5v, 1 Channel 1

IX Precautions to be followed

1. Ensure proper wiring of sensors and relay with ESP32 GPIO pins

2. Use appropriate voltage levels for ESP32 (3.3V logic)

3. Avoid exposing sensors to extreme environmental conditions

4. Do not touch live circuits during operation

5. Verify threshold values before activating actuators

X Procedure:

1. Connect the DHT22 and MQ2 sensors to the ESP32.

2. Interface the relay module with an actuator such as a fan or buzzer.

3. Connect the ESP32 to the computer using a USB cable.

4. Write and upload the program using Arduino IDE.

5. Connect the ESP32 to a Wi-Fi network.

6. Send sensor data to the cloud platform for real-time monitoring and analysis.

7. Compare sensor data with predefined threshold values.

8. Automatically control actuators based on the analyzed data.

9. Observe sensor readings, cloud dashboard, and actuator response.

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XI Program / Code

#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 21
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define RELAY 5
#define AIR_PIN 14

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

const float TEMP_THRESHOLD = 35.0;

const int AIR_THRESHOLD = 400;

void setup() {
[Link](9600);
[Link]();

pinMode(RELAY, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH); // Relay OFF initially (active LOW)
}

void loop() {
float temperature = [Link]();
int airQuality = analogRead(AIR_PIN);

if (isnan(temperature)) {
[Link]("DHT11 Error!");
delay(2000);
return;
}

[Link]("Temperature: ");
[Link](temperature);
[Link](" °C | Air Quality: ");
[Link](airQuality);

bool abnormal = false;

if (temperature > TEMP_THRESHOLD) {

[Link]("⚠ High Temperature Detected");
abnormal = true;
}

if (airQuality > AIR_THRESHOLD) {

[Link]("⚠ Poor Air Quality Detected");
abnormal = true;
}

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if (abnormal) {
[Link]("RELAY BLINKING - SYSTEM NOT NORMAL\n");
digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW); // Relay ON
delay(500);
digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH); // Relay OFF
delay(500);
}
else {
digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH); // Relay OFF
[Link]("SYSTEM NORMAL - RELAY OFF\n");
delay(2000);
}
}

XII Output

(Attach Screen shots of Output generated and code in Sketch)

XIII Result(s):
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XIV Interpretation of Results:

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XV Conclusions and Recommendations:

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XVI Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. Why is ESP32 used in this IIoT-based environmental monitoring experiment?

2. What is the role of sensors in monitoring temperature, humidity, and air quality?
3. How does the relay work as an actuator in this system?
4. How does this experiment demonstrate the concept of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)?
[Space for Answers]
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XVII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]

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XVIII Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process Related (15 Marks) 60%
01 Use of IDE tools for programming 20%
02 Making connections of hardware 20%
03 Follow ethical practices 20%
Product Related (10 Marks) 40%
01 Relevance of output of the problem definition 35%
02 Timely Submission of report 10%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Related Product Related
Total(25)
(15) (10)

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Practical No. 14: Monitoring the condition of industrial equipment using

vibration and temperature sensors.

I Practical Significance:

In industrial environments, equipment failure can lead to production loss, safety hazards, and
high maintenance costs. This experiment demonstrates how vibration and temperature
sensors can be used to continuously monitor the health of industrial machinery such as motors,
pumps, and compressors.
By analyzing vibration and temperature data:

• Early signs of bearing failure, misalignment, overheating, or imbalance can be detected.

• Data can be sent to the cloud for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance.
• Automatic actions such as alarms, motor shutdown, or maintenance alerts can be triggered to
prevent serious damage.
This experiment supports smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 concepts.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

• This practical is expected to develop the following skill:

‘Maintain system based on Internet of Things (IoT)’

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

• CO2 - Integrate sensors and actuators to develop IoT based applications using NodeMCU.
• CO3 - Use IoT communication protocols for data handling.
• CO4 - Describe the role of IIoT in Industry 4.0.
• CO5 - Analyze data for predictive maintenance in industry applications.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

• LLO 14.1 Use vibration and temperature sensors data to monitor the condition of industrial
equipment.
• LLO 14.2 Transmit data to the cloud for real-time analysis.
• LLO 14.3 Activate actuators for maintenance or shutdown to prevent equipment damage.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Follow safe practices.
2. Maintain tools and equipment.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

1. Vibration Monitoring
Abnormal vibration indicates mechanical issues such as looseness, imbalance, or worn bearings.
Vibration sensors (accelerometers) measure motion in terms of acceleration or digital vibration
levels.

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2. Temperature Monitoring
Excessive temperature rise indicates friction, overload, or electrical
faults. Temperature sensors help in identifying overheating conditions
early.

3. Industrial IoT (IIoT)

IIoT integrates sensors, controllers, cloud platforms, and actuators.
Sensor data is transmitted via Wi-Fi/Internet to cloud dashboards for real-time analysis.

4. Actuator Control
Actuators such as relays or buzzers are triggered when sensor values exceed safe limits.
This enables automatic shutdown or warning systems.

VII Practical setup in Laboratory.

a) Sample:

Fig. 14.1: Connection Diagram for Vibration and Temperature Monitoring System Control

b) Actual setup used in Laboratory:

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr.
Instruments/Components Specification Quantity
No
Pentium IV or above with Keyboard, Mouse,
1 Desktop PC 1
Monitor
Latest Version:
Arduino IDE 2.x (Current major release)
Arduino IDE 1.8.x (Legacy, still widely
used)
Programming Language: Java (v1.x),
2 Arduino IDE software TypeScript/Electron (v2.x) 1
Operating Systems Supported:
Windows 10 or later (64-bit), macOS 10.15
(Catalina) or later, Linux (64-bit
Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions)
Tensilica LX6 dual-core 32-bit
microprocessor
Clock Speed: Up to 240 MHz
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage (VIN): 4.5V to 12V (via
VIN pin) or 5V via micro-USB
Digital I/O Pins: Up to 34 GPIO pins
(some input-only)
3 Esp32 PWM Pins: All GPIO pins support PWM 1
(up to 16 channels, 8–16 bit resolution)
Analog Input: Up to 18 channels (12-bit
ADC, 0–3.3V input range)
Analog Output: 2 DAC channels (8-bit)
Flash Memory: Typically 4MB (varies by
module)
SRAM: 520 KB internal SRAM
EEPROM: Emulated in flash
Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz)
Bluetooth: Bluetooth v4.2 + BLE
Cable length: 1 Meter
USB To Micro USB cable for
4 connector type: USB to USB Male to Male 1
connection
Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 6V
Operating current: 1.0mA (measuring) 40–
50uA (standby)
Output: Serial data
5 DHT22 Temperature Range: -40°C to 80°C 1
Humidity Range: 0% to 100%
Resolution: Temperature 0.1°C, Humidity
0.1% RH

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6 MPU6050 Sensor type: Accelerometer + Gyroscope 1

Operating voltage: 3.3V to 5V
Communication protocol: I²C
Measurement axes: X, Y, Z

7 Buzzer / LED Alert indication 1

8 Cloud Platform 1
ThingSpeak / Blynk / Firebase
9 Jumper Wires & Breadboard Connections 1

IX Precautions to be followed

1. Ensure proper wiring of sensors and relay with ESP32 GPIO pins

2. Use appropriate voltage levels for ESP32 (3.3V logic)

3. Avoid exposing sensors to extreme environmental conditions

4. Do not touch live circuits during operation

5. Verify threshold values before activating actuators.

X Procedure:

1. Connect the vibration sensor and temperature sensor to the ESP32.

2. Connect a relay module or buzzer as an actuator.

3. Configure ESP32 with Wi-Fi credentials.

4. Read vibration and temperature data periodically.

5. Upload sensor data to a cloud platform.

6. Set threshold limits for vibration and temperature.

7. If thresholds are exceeded:

Activate buzzer/relay
Send alert to cloud

8. Observe real-time sensor data on the cloud dashboard.

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XI Program / Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <Adafruit_MPU6050.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>

#define DHTPIN 14
#define DHTTYPE DHT22
#define BUZZER_PIN 2

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

Adafruit_MPU6050 mpu;

const float TEMP_THRESHOLD = 40.0;

const float VIB_THRESHOLD = 25.0;

void setup() {
[Link](9600);

pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);

[Link]();
[Link](21, 22);

if (![Link]()) {
[Link]("MPU6050 not detected!");
while (1);
}

[Link]("Industrial Equipment Condition Monitoring Started");

}

void loop() {
sensors_event_t accel, gyro, temp;
[Link](&accel, &gyro, &temp);

float vibrationLevel =
abs([Link].x) +
abs([Link].y) +
abs([Link].z);

float temperature = [Link]();

[Link]("Temperature: ");
[Link](temperature);
[Link](" °C | Vibration Level: ");
[Link](vibrationLevel);

bool abnormal = false;

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if (temperature > TEMP_THRESHOLD) {

[Link]("⚠ RISE IN TEMPERATURE");
abnormal = true;
}

if (vibrationLevel > VIB_THRESHOLD) {

[Link]("⚠ VIBRATION DETECTED");
abnormal = true;
}

// Continuous buzzer until system is normal

if (abnormal) {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // Buzzer stays ON
[Link]("BUZZER ON - SYSTEM NOT NORMAL\n");
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // Buzzer OFF
[Link]("SYSTEM NORMAL - BUZZER OFF\n");
}

delay(2000);
}

XII Output

(Attach Screen shots of Output generated and code in Sketch)

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XIII Result(s):
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XIV Interpretation of Results:

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XV Conclusions and Recommendations:

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XVI Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. Why is vibration monitoring important in industrial equipment?What is the role of sensors in

monitoring temperature, humidity, and air quality?
2. How does temperature monitoring help in condition monitoring of machines?
3. What is the role of MPU6050 in this experiment?
4. Why is a buzzer used as an actuator in this system?
[Space for Answers]
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XVII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]

XVIII Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process Related (15 Marks) 60%
01 Use of IDE tools for programming 20%
02 Making connections of hardware 20%
03 Follow ethical practices 20%
Product Related (10 Marks) 40%
01 Relevance of output of the problem definition 35%
02 Timely Submission of report 10%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Related Product Related
Total(25)
(15) (10)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 9