Coding-Decoding
(Letter Shifting)
Coding-Decoding
Coding-decoding is a reasoning technique that tests the ability to
recognize patterns or rules used to encode (or transform)
information into a different format or code.
Coding encrypts plain text into encoded text following predefined
logic.
Decoding works in reverse to convert encoded text back to its
original comprehensible form. The objective is to analyze the
rule/pattern in coding to determine the correct decoding.
🔠Positional Value of Alphabet in forward direction▶️:
🔠Positional Value of Alphabet in reverse direction◀️:
⚡Tricks to remember the Positions of Letters:
● 👉 Nearby Letters: It will help you find nearby letters quickly.
E J O T Y
5 10 15 20 25
● 👉 Opposite Letters:
Letter Word
A-Z A to Z
B-Y BoY
C-X CruX
D-W DeW
E-V LoVE
F-U FlU
G-T GeT
H-S HaS
I-R InneR
J-Q Jungle Queen
K-P KeeP
L-O LOve
M-M MaN
Types of Coding Decoding:
● Letter to Letter shifting Coding
● Coding and Decoding in Fictitious Language
● Coding By Analogy
● Coding Decoding Based on Numbers
● Coding Letters of a Word
● Conditional Matrix
● Operations on Place Value
Letter to Letter shifting Coding:
This type of coding involves shifting letters of the alphabet by
certain positions. It involves replacing one letter with another letter
according to a specified rule, such as Addition, Subtraction,
Criss-Cross, Increasing/Decreasing order and opposite letter.
🪜Steps to Solve:
● Identify the direction of the shift (forward or backward).
● Note the number of positions to shift.
● Apply the shift to each letter of the word.
● Check for a wraparound at the end of the alphabet (e.g., after
Z, we go back to A).
Examples:
● Addition/Subtraction based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain coding language 'KANPUR' is coded as 'JBMQTS'.
How will 'BOMBAY' be coded in that language?
Explanation:
Logic → (-1) and (+1) has been done in the positional value to get the
corresponding letter.
Here, 'KANPUR' is coded as 'JBMQTS'
Similarly, for 'BOMBAY'
So, 'BOMBAY' will be coded as 'APLCZZ'.
● Criss-Cross based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain code language, 'CAUTION' is written as 'NOITCAU'.
How will 'FOREVER' be written in that language?
Explanation:
Here, 'CAUTION' is written as 'NOITCAU',
Similarly, for 'FOREVER'
So, 'FOREVER' will be written as 'REVEFOR'.
● Increasing order based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain code language, 'BEHOLD’ is written as 'BDEHLO' and
'INDEED' is written as 'DDEEIN'. How will 'COURSE' be written in that
language?
Explanation:
Logic → Letters of the word are arranged in ascending order
according to English alphabetic series.
Here, 'BEHOLD’ is written as 'BDEHLO'
'INDEED' is written as 'DDEEIN'
Similarly, for ‘COURSE’:
So, 'COURSE' will be written as ‘CEORSU’.
● Decreasing order based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain code language, 'FIXED' is written as 'XIFED' and
'MOUSE' is written as 'USOME'. How will 'GAMBIT' be written in that
language?
Explanation:
Logic → All the letters are rearranged according to their position
values in descending order.
Here, 'FIXED' is written as 'XIFED'
'MOUSE' is written as 'USOME'
Similarly, for ‘MOUSE’:
So, 'MOUSE' will be written as 'USOME'.
● Opposite/Reverse based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain code language, 'APPLE' is coded as 'ZKKOV' and '
GRAPE' is coded as ‘TIZKV'. How will 'PEARS’ be
Explanation:
Here, 'APPLE' is coded as 'ZKKOV'
'GRAPE' is coded as ‘TIZKV'
Similarly, for 'PEARS'
So, 'PEARS' will be coded as 'KVZIH'.
Q) In a certain code language, ‘NULLIFY’ is written as ‘MFOLRUB’
and ‘SKYWALK’ is written as ‘HPBWZOP’. How will ‘FLAGGER’ be
written in that language?
Explanation:
Here, ‘NULLIFY’ is written as ‘MFOLRUB’
‘SKYWALK’ is written as ‘HPBWZOP’
Similarly, for ‘FLAGGER’
So, ‘FLAGGER’ will be written as 'UOZGTVI'.
● Vowels/Consonant based letter shifting:
Q) In a certain code language, ‘STATION’ is written as ‘UVYVGMP’
and 'TRIUMPH' is written as ‘VTGSORJ’. How will ‘HOLIDAY’ be
written in that language?
Explanation:
Logic: Vowel - 2, Consonant + 2
Here, ‘STATION’ is written as ‘UVYVGMP’
'TRIUMPH' is written as ‘VTGSORJ’
Similarly, for ‘HOLIDAY’
So, ‘HOLIDAY’ will be written as ‘JMNGFYA’.
⚡General Tips and Tricks for Coding-Decoding:
1. Study the patterns: Look for relationships, such as letter
shifting, mathematical operations, and positional changes.
2. Work systematically: Follow the rules step by step. Don’t rush;
coding-decoding requires attention to detail.
3. Practice regularly: The more you practice, the quicker you will
identify patterns and solve coding-decoding problems.
4. Use alphabet positions: Always keep the alphabet’s positions
(A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26) handy.
5. Use elimination: If you get stuck, eliminate the least likely
options and narrow down your choices.
6. Verify your solution: Always double-check your coded word to
make sure it adheres to the rules given in the question.