The given diagram demonstrates the structure and working process of a home smokery
machine.
At a glance, it is seen that the home smoker machine has three parts. The first two parts
are empty chambers with lids on top, and the last part is a box where the food items are
placed to be smoked.
The first part is an underground hollow space with a lid on top at ground level, which
allows fresh air to flow into the machine by opening.
The fresh air is then transferred to the second section, which is similar to the first one. In
this part, fire is started by adding logs through the lids.
Once the wood is burning, it produces heat. The heat is then transferred into the final
section, which looks like a square box located at the ground level via a narrow pipe. The
food items are then placed into the box for smoking. Subsequently, the heat flown through
the slim pipe from the second chamber smokes them.
Overall, the diagram depicts three steps in preparing food items by smoking in a Home
Smokery machine.
Cambridge Book Twelve: Test-2 (Writing Task One)
First Attempt
The picture below illustrates how electricity is generated by utilizing a geothermal energy
source.
The geothermal power plant is an electricity production plant where heat is used to
produce electricity. It contains seven different steps such as cold water to a generator,
which are essential to convert natural heat into electricity.
At first, cold water is pushed about 4.5 km deep into the ground through a pump. The
water machine is pumped the water until it injected in warmer stone through the injection
well. Subsequently, the water reached in the Geothermal Zone, where warm rocks are
located.
In the next step, the cold water take heats from the hot rocks, which the hot water. This hot
water is moved in the production well and pumped upward with the help of a pump
machine.
Afterward, the hot water is stored in a storage called condenser where it becomes vapor.
The steam is then transferred towards a turbine, which start to circulate as a result of the
energy delivered by vapor.
Finally, the generator produced electricity with the help of energy delivered by the turbine
that distributed via a tower.
Second Attempt
The picture below depicts the process of generating electricity by utilizing geothermal
power.
A geothermal energy plant requires seven steps to generate electricity using underground
thermal energy. The production of electricity starts with transferring cold water into the
warmer stones located in the geothermal zone, which is then distributed through a tower.
At first, cool water is pressed about 4.5 km under the ground through a water pump and
reaches the injection well. This water is then moved towards the warmer stone. In this
step, the injected water takes heat from the thermal rocks and converts it into hot water.
Subsequently, this warmer water is transferred to a condenser via the production well,
where it becomes vapor. The vapor is then driven into a turbine, which starts to circulate
due to the energy provided by the vapor.
Finally, the generator initiates to produce electricity from the power provided by the
turbine. The electricity is then distributed through a tower for daily use.
Cambridge Book Fifteen: Test-2 (Writing Task One)
The picture below illustrates the manufacturing process of instant noodles.
At a glance, it is shown that instant noodles are produced by eight different steps, which
include transporting flour from silos to labeling and sealing the cups.
At first, the basic ingredients flour is transferred from storage through a vehicle then
mixed it with water and oil in a blender.
The mixture which is called Dough becomes Dough sheets when passing through the
rollers. The Dough sheets are sliced by using a slicer. Subsequently, Noodles Discs are
made from the sliced Dough.
Afterward, the Noodles discs are cooked and fried in hot oil and ready for eating. Finally,
the ready noodles are placed in the cups through an automated machine and vegetables
and spices also mixed in the cups for augment the taste.
Finally, the cups are labeled and sealed through a sealer machine and ready to distribute in
the market for consumption.
Cambridge Book Sixteen: Test-2 (Writing Task One)
The picture below depicts the production method of sugar from sugar cane.
This procedure involves seven steps (cultivation to dried and cooled), where typical sugar
cane becomes pure sugar.
The first step is the cultivation of sugar cane in a field. The second step is manual or
mechanical harvesting. In the following step the collected sugar cane is then put into a
crushing machine where sugar juice is extracted.
In the next step, the extracted juice is refined with the help of a limestone filter. Afterward,
the pure juice is placed in a furnace where it heated to evaporate water and concentrated
into syrup.
Subsequently, the sugar syrup then goes to a centrifuge machine which separated crystals
of from the dense syrup. Finally, the collected sugar crystal is dried and cooled which
becomes pure sugar.
Overall, the diagram demonstrates the required steps that involved in the production of
sugar from sugar cane.
Cambridge Book Sixteen: Test-2 (Writing Task One)
The picture illustrates the procedure of how the plastic bottles are recycled.
At one glance it has been seen that there are nine steps involves that turns the plastic
bottles into new products. The steps including transportation to manufacture of end
products.
At first step consumer dump their used bottle in a bin. The used bottle is then collected
and transferring in a recycling station through a large vehicle where the segregation of
bottles is done by a worker.
In the next step, the sorted bottles is compressed and turning into a blocks. Subsequently,
the pressurized blocks are grind by using a crushing machine then the crashed pieces are
washed out through water. The cleaned plastic is then placed in a machine where it
becomes plastic pellets.
Afterward, heat is applied into the pellets by a furnace where they becomes new basic
ingredients. Finally various end products (bottle, bag, cloth and pens) are made by using
the new primary materials.
Comparison of pie charts
The pie charts illustrate the distribution of household expenditure across five categories -
food and drink, utility bills, transport, leisure, and others - in the UK and New Zealand in
1980 and 2008.
It is noticeable that the proportion of spending on food and drink fell in both countries
over the 28 years while spending on utility bills rose. Also, UK residents spent a
significantly larger percentage of their household budgets on leisure than their New
Zealand counterparts.
In 1980, the average New Zealand household budget went on food and drink at exactly
29%, while the equivalent figure for UK homes was precisely 23%. By 2008, expenditure
on food and drink had shrunk by 4% in New Zealand and by a full 10% in the UK.
However, both countries saw an increase in spending on utility bills for the average home
from 27% to 31% in New Zealand and from 26% to 28% in the UK.
Leisure activities accounted for the highest proportion of UK household spending in both
years, moreover only the third-highest percentage in New Zealand. In fact in 2008, New
Zealand spent as much as in relative terms on recreation (17%) as UK residents (34%).
Comparison of pie charts
The two pie charts illustrate the percentage of production of energy from distinguished
sources - oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydrogen, and other renewable - in a country in
1985 and 2003.
It is evident that oil initially contributed just above half of the production of total energy,
and experienced a significant decline in the 18- year period. Meanwhile, the production of
energy from other sources except hydrogen steadily rose over the time span.
In 1985, Oil constituted slightly above half of the total energy, production showed a
significant reduction and dropped to 39% in 2003. A similar trend was observed in the
production of energy from nuclear source which shrunk exactly 5 percentage points in
1985 to 2003.
In contrast, the contribution of other sources (natural gas, coal, and other renewables) in
the total energy production gradually increased in total 22% in 1985 to 40% in 2003.
Meanwhile, the energy produced from hydrogen sources remain precisely same over the
time span.
The two pie charts illustrate the percentage of energy production from six various sources
- oil, nuclear, natural gas, coal, hydrogen, and other renewables - in a country in 1985 and
2003.
It is evident that oil, which was just above half of the total energy production at the
beginning, experienced a significant decline over the 18-year period. Nuclear sources also
showed a similar trend. Meanwhile, the other sources except hydrogen exhibited a gradual
increase in total energy production over the time span.
In detail, oil was the main component initially in energy production, contributing 52% of
the total energy production, which dropped drastically to 39% in 2003. Nuclear sources,
which lost exactly 4 percentage points in the contribution to total energy production, also
experienced a similar decline.
In contrast, the contribution of natural gas and coal to total energy production substantially
rose over the 18 years, from 13% in 1985 to 23% in 2003 in the case of natural gas, while
the contribution of coal rose precisely 5 percentage points. In fact, other renewables also
accounted for only 1%, which also increased and reached 4% in 2003.
However, the contribution of hydrogen remains unchanged over the time span.