SYNTHESIS OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM HERETIERA SYLVATICA
(DUNGON) LEAF EXTRACTS AND ASSESSING ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. Coli)
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Heretiera Sylvatica, also known as Dungon, possesses significant antioxidant
and antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical analyses have revealed the presence of
important chemical constituents like saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. It is
reported that the NPs synthesized using plant products/extracts are more stable and
the rate of synthesis is easy as compared to conventional techniques since green
approaches are eco-benign, cost effective, simple, easy to perform and no toxic
agent is involved. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus that is a
causative organism of many diarrheal illnesses, including traveler’s diarrhea and
dysentery. In this study, a green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle from
extracted Dungon (H. Sylvatica) leaves are developed in order to test its
antimicrobial ability against the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli).
METHODOLOGY
The equipment to be needed in this study is UV-Vis Absorbance
Spectroscopy for Iron Oxide Nanoparticle characterization. Fourier-transform infrared
(FTIR) technology will be used to assess the phytomolecules present in the H.
Sylvatica extract that are responsible for the reduction and stability of FeO NPs. The
crystal structure of FeO NPs will be determined through X-ray diffraction
crystallography (XRD). Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method will be used to assess the
activity of synthesized FeO NPs against selected MDR bacterial isolates.
RELATED LITERATURE
ARTICLE #1:
Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Hibiscus sabdariffa
extract: Potential for antibiotic development and antibacterial activity against
multidrug-resistant bacteria
Saod [Link].
This study highlights the possibility of FeO NPs biosynthesised through a
green approach using H. Sabdariffa calyces extract. The FeO NPs were thoroughly
characterised using many techniques such as UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and AFM.
The results indicated that the FeO NPs exhibited significant bactericidal activity
against various types of MDR bacteria. The MIC of the biogenic FeO NPs was
determined against the same selected bacterial strains. Furthermore, the
incorporation of FeO NPs enhanced the efficacy of several antibiotics against MDR
bacteria. These NPs show promising antibacterial properties against MDR bacteria
and can enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Further mechanism investigations
and applications of FeO NPs in combating antibiotic resistance are warranted.
ARTICLE #2:
Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using pomegranate seeds extract
and photocatalytic activity evaluation for the degradation of textile dye
Ismat Bibi [Link].
Iron oxide NPs were fabricated through green route using pomegranate
(Punica granatum) seeds extract. The Fe2O3 NPs were characterized by UV–vis,
XRD, EDX, SEM and AFM techniques. The LCMS/MS was performed for the
identification of biomolecule present in the extract of pomegranate seeds and
p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid, methyl gallate, catechin,
kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, 3-deoxyflavonoids, magnolol, ferulic acid, vanillic acid
and pinocembrin along with other minor constituents were detected in the extracts
using for Fe2O3 NPs. The synthesized Fe2O3 NPs showed excellent photocatalytic
activity against reactive blue under UV light irradiation and maximum degradation of
95.08% was achieved with 56 min of reaction time. In view of promising activity, the
Fe2O3 NPs could be used photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes in wastewater
and pomegranate seeds extract can be applied as eco-benign and cost effective
approach for Fe2O3 NPs synthesis.
ARTICLE #3:
Iron oxide nanoparticles in biological systems: Antibacterial and toxicology
perspective
Uchechukwu S. Ezealigo [Link].
The antibacterial effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on S. epidermidis were
described to be dependent on the concentration of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The
ROS species include superoxide radicals (O2), hydroxyl radicals (–OH), hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Interactions between ROS species,
proteins, or the chemical product and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), could be
responsible for the antibacterial activity. Magnetic nanoparticles generally undergo
degradation and leaching, hence they are not biocompatible and agglomerate easily
owing to the magnetic dipole-dipole attraction, that upshot to poor stability and
dispersity which limit their usability. The dispersibility of Magnetic nanoparticles in a
biological system can be enhanced by functionalizing the materials using organic
and inorganic coating agents such as biopolymers and extract from plants. In this
work, iron oxide nanoparticles were exploited in different model organisms ranging
from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, elucidating their cellular functions relative to their
antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and toxicity
References:
● Saod, W. M., Al-Janaby, M. S., Gayadh, E. W., Ramizy, A., & Hamid, L. L.
(2024). Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Hibiscus
sabdariffa extract: Potential for antibiotic development and antibacterial
activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Current Research in Green and
Sustainable Chemistry, 8, 100397.
[Link]
● Bibi, I., Nazar, N., Ata, S., Sultan, M., Ali, A., Abbas, A., Jilani, K., Kamal, S.,
Sarim, F. M., Khan, M. I., Jalal, F., & Iqbal, M. (2019). Green synthesis of iron
oxide nanoparticles using pomegranate seeds extract and photocatalytic
activity evaluation for the degradation of textile dye. Journal of Materials
Research and Technology, 8(6), 6115–6124.
[Link]