Assignment:
Uncertainty in a Measurement–2: Applications
(v1)
noc26-me11/Uncertainty Analysis/Assn W-5/Meas
Problems solutions to be submitted
uncertainty-2/v1
W5-4 Consider the case where an analog signal in the range – 1.5 to +
1.5 V is input to a 12-bit A/D converter that is calibrated for an input
range of ± 5 V.
(a) Calculate the elemental systematic standard uncertainty due
to digitization.
(b) Repeat the calculation for 8- and 16- bit A/D converters.
(c) Repeat the calculation of part (a) when the input range of the
A/D converter is set at ± 1.5 V. Which is a better option?
(d) What will be the A/D converter output when a steady signal of
– 0.8 V, 0 V, and 0.57 V is input to it? (for part (c)). Does a
steady signal confirm steady state in the physical system?
[Hint: if the signal is sinusoidal, and ADC sampling is same as
the signal time period, then!!]
(e) Calculate the ratio of systematic uncertainty (at 95 % CL) to
the value of the input signal in part (d).
The elemental systematic standard uncertainty for the 12-bit ADC at is +/- 5v is 0.000705v,
while at +/- 5V it improves to0.000211V , making the tighter range more accurate. A steady
digital output can be misleading due to aliasing effects, and the relative uncertainty for the given
signals is approximately 0.05% TO 0.07%
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W5-5 A measurement system hardware is shown in Figure 5A-7 below.
The DC power supply gives excitation power to the load cell; the
excitation voltage has to be decided. The load cell output is fed to
an amplifier whose gain can be adjusted. The amplifier output is fed
to the A/D converter; several ADCs are available for a combination
of input voltage and number of bits. You have to decide the DC
power supply voltage, and recommend the optimum combination of
amplifier setting, and A/D converter parameters. If possible, suggest
the make and model of the amplifier-ADC best for this application.
Besides other combinations, comment on the desirability of the
following options:
A: Excitation 10 V, Amplification 100, ADC input 1 – 10 V, 16-
bit ADC B: Excitation 15 V, Amplification 1000, ADC input 1 – 15
V, 20-bit ADC C: Excitation 10 V, Amplification 2, ADC input 1 –
5 V, 8-bit ADC
Select references:
Load cell : [Link]
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A/D CONVERTER DIGITAL
8-, 12-, 16-, 20- bit VALUE
noc26-me11/Uncertainty Analysis/Assn W-5/Meas
Figure W5-5. Arrangement for measuring
uncertainty-2/v1 the mass with a load cell.
Answer The optimal configuration for the load cell measurement system is
10V excitation, ~100-200x gain, and a 24-bit ADC (like HX711) for high
resolution without saturating the signal [44, 28]. Option B is the best of the
listed choices due to high bits (20+), though 10V excitation is standard for
stability, and 1000x gain may require careful noise handling.
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W5-6 Lookup the specifications of A/D converters from different
manufacturers and make a comparative assessment of their input
range, number of bits, conversion time, sampling rate (maximum),
and any other important features.
Look up specifications of multiplexers of different makes and
compare their salient features.
Some websites for A/D converters (many more on the web; explore!)
[Link]
Converters-
ADC/_/N-4c43g
[Link]
[Link]
cards/analog- interface-cards/p/OME-PCI-1800
[Link]
module
answer
Key Parameters Of ADCs
Range
Resolution
Definition
Impact on Performance
Sampling Rate
Accuracy
Linearity (DNL and INL)
Differential Non-Linearity (DNL)
Noise Integral Non-Linearity (INL)
Dynamic Range
Relationship with Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Resolution
Power Consumption
Input Impedance
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)
ADC Transfer Function
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