Glossary for some vocabulary in unit 5

1. Brochure (noun) – A small booklet with information or advertising.

o I read a brochure about the new travel program.
o The hotel’s brochure shows pictures of the rooms.
Synonym: leaflet, pamphlet
Antonym: /

2. Gap year (noun) – A year off between school and university or work.
o She took a gap year to travel and volunteer.
o Many students enjoy a gap year before college.
Synonym: year off
Antonym: continuous study

3. Growing market (noun phrase) – A business area becoming larger and more successful.
o Online learning is a growing market.
o There’s a growing market for eco-friendly products.
Synonym: expanding industry
Antonym: declining market

4. Consultant (noun) – An expert who gives advice in a certain area.

o The company hired a consultant to help with planning.
o I spoke with a travel consultant.
Synonym: advisor, specialist
Antonym: amateur

5. Retire (verb) – To stop working after a certain age.

o My grandfather retired last year.
o She wants to retire at 60.
Synonym: stop working
Antonym: work, continue

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6. Enormous (adjective) – Very big.
o The elephant is an enormous animal.
o We had an enormous amount of homework.
Synonym: huge, massive
Antonym: tiny, small

7. Consider (verb) – To think about something carefully.

o I will consider your offer.
o They are considering moving to the city.
Synonym: think about, reflect
Antonym: ignore

8. Experience (noun) – Knowledge from doing or seeing things.

o I gained experience from the summer job.
o She has a lot of teaching experience.
Synonym: practice, knowledge
Antonym: inexperience

9. Work experience (noun phrase) – Time spent working to learn a job.

o I did work experience at a hospital.
o His work experience helped him get the job.
Synonym: job training
Antonym: no experience

10. Instructor (noun) – A person who teaches a skill or subject.

o The driving instructor was very patient.
o Our yoga instructor showed us new poses.
Synonym: teacher, coach
Antonym: student

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11. Mature (adjective) – Acting like an adult, responsible.
o She’s very mature for her age.
o He gave a mature response to the problem.
Synonym: grown-up
Antonym: childish

12. Volunteer (noun/verb) – A person who works without pay to help others.
o I volunteered at a local school.
o The volunteers cleaned the park.
Synonym: helper
Antonym: employee (if paid)

13. Refugee camp (noun phrase) – A place where people live after fleeing their homes.
o Many families live in the refugee camp.
o She worked as a teacher in a refugee camp.
Synonym: shelter
Antonym: permanent home

14. Incredible (adjective) – Very good or hard to believe.

o The view was incredible!
o He did an incredible job on the project.
Synonym: amazing, unbelievable
Antonym: ordinary, boring

15. Independent (adjective) – Able to do things alone.

o He’s very independent and lives on his own.
o She became independent after moving out.
Synonym: self-reliant
Antonym: dependent

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16. Confident (adjective) – Sure of yourself or your abilities.
o She feels confident speaking English.
o I’m confident I will pass the test.
Synonym: self-assured
Antonym: shy, unsure

17. Understanding (noun/adjective) – Knowing how others feel or think.

o He’s very understanding when others have problems.
o A good teacher is understanding and kind.
Synonym: empathetic
Antonym: rude, uncaring

18. Medical school (noun) – A school for learning to become a doctor.

o She wants to go to medical school after college.
o Medical school is hard but rewarding.
Synonym: (none)
Antonym: (none)

19. Health conditions (noun – plural) – Physical or mental medical problems.

o Some health conditions need special care.
o He has a few health conditions that affect his work.
Synonym: medical issues
Antonym: good health

20. Challenging (adjective) – Difficult but interesting or exciting.

o The game was challenging but fun.
o It’s a challenging job, but I like it.
Synonym: difficult, tough
Antonym: easy

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21. Rewarding (adjective) – Giving a good feeling after hard work.
o Teaching is a rewarding career.
o Helping others is very rewarding.
Synonym: fulfilling, satisfying
Antonym: boring, useless

22. Motivated (adjective) – Wanting to work hard or succeed.

o She is motivated to learn English.
o He’s not very motivated these days.
Synonym: driven, eager
Antonym: lazy, unmotivated

23. Keen to (phrase) – Very interested in doing something.

o I’m keen to join the trip.
o He’s keen to start working.
Synonym: eager
Antonym: unwilling

24. Trekking (noun) – Long, difficult walks in nature.

o We went trekking in the mountains.
o Trekking takes a lot of energy.
Synonym: hiking
Antonym: resting, staying still

25. Vet (noun) – A doctor for animals.

o The vet gave my cat a check-up.
o We called the vet when the dog got sick.
Synonym: animal doctor
Antonym: (none)

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26. Animal refuge (noun phrase) – A place that cares for lost or hurt animals.
o She works at an animal refuge.
o The animal refuge takes care of stray dogs.
Synonym: animal shelter
Antonym: (none)

27. Gappers (noun – informal) – People taking a gap year.

o Many gappers travel to other countries.
o Gappers often volunteer or work abroad.
Synonym: gap year students
Antonym: full-time students

28. Make the most of sth (phrase) – To enjoy or use something fully.
o Make the most of your time in Paris.
o She made the most of her summer holiday.
Synonym: take full advantage
Antonym: waste

29. Advantage (noun) – A good or helpful thing.

o Speaking two languages is an advantage.
o His experience gave him an advantage.
Synonym: benefit
Antonym: disadvantage

30. Frightened (adjective) – Feeling scared.

o The loud noise made her frightened.
o He was frightened of spiders.
Synonym: scared, afraid
Antonym: brave

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31. Nervous (adjective) – Worried or afraid about something.
o She was nervous before the test.
o I feel nervous when I speak in public.
Synonym: anxious
Antonym: calm

32. Fluent (adjective) – Able to speak a language easily.

o He is fluent in English and French.
o I want to become fluent in Spanish.
Synonym: smooth, skilled
Antonym: hesitant, beginner

33. Waste of time (noun phrase) – Something not useful or productive.

o Watching that movie was a waste of time.
o Don’t argue; it’s a waste of time.
Synonym: pointless
Antonym: useful

34. Enough (adjective/adverb) – As much as needed.

o We have enough food for everyone.
o She didn’t study enough for the exam.
Synonym: sufficient
Antonym: not enough

35. Against (preposition) – Not agreeing with or not allowing.

o I’m against animal cruelty.
o She voted against the plan.
Synonym: opposed to
Antonym: for, in favor of

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 36. Adventure (noun) – An exciting or unusual experience.
o They went on a jungle adventure.
o Life is a big adventure!
Synonym: journey, exploration
Antonym: routine

37. Fees (noun – plural) – Money paid for a service or activity.

o School fees are expensive.
o They charge high bank fees.
Synonym: charges, costs
Antonym: free, no cost

Glossary for some vocabulary in unit 6

1. Piracy business (noun phrase) – The illegal selling or copying of things like music, movies, or software.
• Piracy business affects many industries like music and film.
• The company is fighting hard against the piracy business.
Synonym: illegal copying, intellectual theft
Antonym: legal sales, original business

2. Pirated (adjective) – Copied and used or sold illegally.

o He downloaded a pirated movie from the internet.
o Pirated software often has viruses.
Synonym: illegal, fake
Antonym: original, legal

3. Fake (adjective) – Not real or true.

o He bought a fake watch that looked like a designer brand.
o This bag is fake, not the real thing.
Synonym: false, copied
Antonym: genuine, real

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4. Genuine (adjective) – Real and not a copy.
o This is a genuine leather wallet.
o She gave a genuine smile.
Synonym: real, authentic
Antonym: fake, false

5. Copy (noun) – A version of something made to look like the original.

o This is a copy of the report.
o He bought a cheap copy of the phone.
Synonym: duplicate, reproduction
Antonym: original

6. Designer label (noun phrase) – A brand name that is famous and usually expensive.
o She wore clothes from a designer label.
o Designer labels are popular among young people.
Synonym: luxury brand
Antonym: no-name brand

7. Counterfeit (adjective) – Made to look like something real to trick people.

o He was arrested for selling counterfeit money.
o These are counterfeit shoes, not real ones.
Synonym: fake, copied
Antonym: genuine, authentic

8. Counterfeiter (noun) – A person who makes fake products or money.

o The police caught a counterfeiter with hundreds of fake notes.
o Counterfeiters often sell goods in markets.
Synonym: forger, faker
Antonym: legal producer

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9. Street trader (noun) – A person who sells goods on the street.
o The street trader was selling watches and sunglasses.
o Many tourists buy from street traders.
Synonym: vendor, seller
Antonym: store owner

10. Footwear (noun) – Things you wear on your feet like shoes or boots.
o I need new footwear for the winter.
o This store sells all kinds of footwear.
Synonym: shoes
Antonym: —

11. Sportswear (noun) – Clothes you wear when doing sports.

o She bought new sportswear for the gym.
o Sportswear is usually comfortable.
Synonym: athletic clothes
Antonym: formal wear

12. Software (noun) – The programs used on a computer.

o This software helps you edit videos.
o He installed new software on his laptop.
Synonym: computer program
Antonym: hardware

13. Prevent (verb) – To stop something from happening.

o Washing your hands can prevent illness.
o The law helps prevent crime.
Synonym: stop, avoid
Antonym: cause, allow

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14. Viruses (noun) – Bad programs that can harm your computer.
o My computer is slow because of viruses.
o Anti-virus software protects against viruses.
Synonym: malware
Antonym: clean files

15. Struggle (verb) – To try hard when something is difficult.

o He struggles with math.
o The baby bird struggled to fly.
Synonym: try hard, fight
Antonym: succeed easily

16. Survive (verb) – To stay alive or continue to exist.

o The plants survived the cold winter.
o He survived the car accident.
Synonym: live, stay alive
Antonym: die

17. Poor-quality (adjective) – Not good or strong.

o These shoes are poor-quality and broke quickly.
o The sound on the video was poor-quality.
Synonym: low-quality, weak
Antonym: high-quality

18. Customer support (noun) – Help given to customers.

o I called customer support when my phone didn’t work.
o Good customer support keeps clients happy.
Synonym: help desk, service center
Antonym: —

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19. Blame (verb) – To say someone is responsible for a mistake.
o Don’t blame me for your mistake!
o She blamed her brother for the broken window.
Synonym: accuse
Antonym: forgive

20. Demonstrate (verb) – To show clearly how to do something.

o The teacher demonstrated how to do the exercise.
o He demonstrated the new phone features.
Synonym: show, explain
Antonym: hide

21. Legal (adjective) – Allowed by law.

o It’s legal to drive at 18.
o They started a legal business.
Synonym: lawful
Antonym: illegal

22. Illegal (adjective) – Not allowed by law.

o It is illegal to drive without a license.
o Selling pirated DVDs is illegal.
Synonym: unlawful
Antonym: legal

23. Unacceptable (adjective) – Not okay or not allowed.

o His behavior was unacceptable.
o Dirty food is unacceptable in a restaurant.
Synonym: bad, inappropriate
Antonym: acceptable

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24. Packaging (noun) – The box or material around a product.
o The packaging was colorful.
o This packaging keeps food fresh.
Synonym: wrapping, box
Antonym: product, content

25. Unfortunately (adverb) – Sadly or by bad luck.

o Unfortunately, we missed the bus.
o Unfortunately, the event was cancelled.
Synonym: sadly
Antonym: fortunately

26. Disappear (verb) – To go away or be lost.

o My keys disappeared yesterday.
o The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
Synonym: vanish, go away
Antonym: appear

27. Pleased (adjective) – Happy about something.

o I’m pleased with my test results.
o She looked pleased to see her friend.
Synonym: happy, glad
Antonym: unhappy, upset

28. Brakes (noun) – The part of a vehicle used to stop it.

o Use the brakes slowly in the rain.
o The car’s brakes need to be fixed.
Synonym: stopping system
Antonym: accelerator

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29. Author (noun) – A person who writes books or stories.
o J.K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter series.
o The author signed my book after the event.
Synonym: writer
Antonym: reader

30. Product (noun) – Something that is made and sold.

o This company sells beauty products.
o The new product will be in shops next week.
Synonym: item, good
Antonym: raw material

31. Goods (noun, plural) – Things that are made and sold.
o The shop has many new goods for sale.
o They import goods from other countries.
Synonym: products, items
Antonym: services

32. Responsible (adjective) – In charge of something; having the duty to take care of it.
o She is responsible for organizing the event.
o Parents are responsible for their children.
Synonym: in charge, accountable
Antonym: irresponsible, careless

33. Sudden (adjective) – Happening quickly and without warning.

o There was a sudden noise outside.
o His sudden move surprised everyone.
Synonym: quick, unexpected
Antonym: gradual, slow

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34. Develop (verb) – To grow or improve something over time.
o She wants to develop her English skills.
o This area has developed a lot in the past 10 years.
Synonym: grow, improve
Antonym: stop, weaken

35. Dangerous situation (noun phrase) – A time or event that can cause harm.
o Driving in a storm is a dangerous situation.
o The firefighters entered a dangerous situation to save people.
Synonym: risky moment, emergency
Antonym: safe situation, calm moment

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