SCRIPT

Slide 1: Classroom Rules

Good day class.

Before we start our lesson, let us first ave our classroom rules

Number one,listen when someone is speaking

Kung naa gani mag storya class or mag answer, dili mag tabi sainyong chairs ha kay kamo gyod akong
ipag discuss.

Number two, **raise your hand before you talk or leave your seat**.
If muadto kag cr or naakay e storya just raise your hands kay lain kaayo og mugawas raka sa room
dritso mura kag ero.

Number three, respect your classmates, your teacher, and the classroom materials.
Ani class ha if we are outside the classroom or sa school you can treat me as ate or bisan unsa pana,
pero if were here sa classroom respeto lang nato ang each other ha, sabtan?

Number four, **use kind words and actions at all times**.

Class, we don’t tolerate bullying here, dili ta mamalikas sa classroom ha

And number five, **no cellphones allowed during class**.

Unless if needed, maka use og phone pero if dili then hipos.

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Slide 2: Lesson Introduction**

We are now down to **Lesson 2: Intertextuality – A Technique of Drama**.

This lesson will help you understand how writers connect one text to another.

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THIS IS OUR LEARNING OBJECTIVE(READ)

Slide 3: Jumpstart Activity**

Before we discuss the lesson, let us have a short activity entitled

“What’s That Brand Again?”
To jumpstart our lesson, let’s have aN activity. These are parody logos. Your task is to identify the real
brands they represent.
You don’t have to write it on your paper class you just have to guess the answer, okay?

First PICTURE.
WHAT COMES TO YOUR MIND WHEN YOU SEE THIS LOGO?
CLUE
A car manufacturer- FORD

Next:
popular coffee shop- STARBUCKS

And lastly:
 A popular brand of shoes- CONVERSE

This activity shows that even without full details, we can recognize something because of prior
knowledge—pareha ra na sa intertextuality.

Intertextuality is using similar concepts from an already existing literature and adapting it to deepen
the meaning or value of the newly created piece of work.

Sometimes, you can think of it as a “story within a story or a story from another story”. If you are
familiar with movie parodies or movies in which concepts are taken from another movie and gave it a
different twist, these are examples of products of intertextuality. .

In your previous lesson, you have explored the various elements and techniques in drama. (recall)

In writing drama, its literary, performance and technical elements must be taken into consideration.
You have also learned that writers use various literary techniques to capture the readers’ or
audiences’ interests. These techniques help us understand the theme, lesson or important message
the writers want to convey.

Have you ever wondered ngano naay mga stories nga murag familiar kaayo or connected sa each
other?
Basig naka-notice pud mo nga some movies you’ve watched have something in common, or pareho
ug concepts.
Usahay, maka-ingon ka sa imong kaugalingon,

Usahay, maka-ingon ka sa imong kaugalingon,

“Murag nabasa na nako ni before” or “Murag natan-aw na nako ni sauna”,
pero inig-check nimo, lain man diay nga story ang imong ginabasa or ginatan-aw karon.

This happens because many writers and filmmakers use intertextuality.

Now class, try to study the texts below.

How is intertextuality applied in these literary works?

Slide 4: For Whom the Bell Tolls

• For Whom the Bell Tolls – Hemingway

• “No man is an island … and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” –
John Donne
The meaning of this is that no one lives alone.
We are all connected—just like texts are connected to other texts.

Notice that the phrase “for whom the bell tolls” was used in two different piece of literature.
In this part class the author used it as a title while Donne used it in one of the lines in his
poem.
We will explore this particular writing technique in this lesson.

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Slide 5: What is Intertextuality?**

So, what is intertextuality?**

Intertextuality is a **literary technique** used by writers and playwrights.

It is present when the meaning of a text—like a story, book, song, movie, or video—is influenced by
another text.
You can think of it as a story retold in another story.

Intertextuality is using similar concepts from an already existing literature and adapting it to deepen
the meaning or value of the newly created piece of work.

Sometimes, you can think of it as a “story within a story or a story from another story”. If you are
familiar with movie parodies or movies in which concepts are taken from another movie and gave it a
different twist, these are examples of products of intertextuality. .

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### **Slide 6: Example of Intertextuality**

An example of intextual reference can be found in the song

**“Love Story” by Taylor Swift**.

She mentioned **Romeo and Juliet**, a play written by Shakespeare,

and **The Scarlet Letter**, novel or a movie written by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

· Taylor borrows ideas from older stories (Romeo and Juliet and The Scarlet Letter) to tell a new love
story.
· Taylor Swift didn’t just make up the concept of forbidden love, she borrows ideas from older stories.
she referenced stories her audience may already know to make her song more meaningful and
relatable.
·

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### **Slide 7: Intertextuality Techniques**

There are **three intertextuality techniques**:

1. **Allusion**
2. **Parody**
3. **Appropriation**

Let us discuss them one by one.

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### **Slide 8: Allusion**

**Allusion** is an indirect reference to another text.
*Allusion* is when a writer *mentions or hints at another well-known story* (like a Bible story, myth,
movie, or historical event) *without explaining it fully*.

Example ani ang story of **Cain and Abel**.

The story mentions *Cain and Abel* *
*Wala gi-retell ang whole Bible story* *
The author *expects nga kabalo na ang reader* sa Cain and Abel story

*Meaning ani class:*

Ang writer nagasalig sa **prior knowledge** sa reader.
Allusion works only when the reader already knows the story being referred to. The author does not explain it, but uses it as a
shortcut to deepen meaning.*

Walay direct explanation, BUT IF YOU KNOW THE story, mas masabtan nimo ang meaning.

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### **Slide 9: Parody**

Next is **Parody**.

A parody uses an existing story but changes it slightly, usually to entertain or make the audience laugh.
-A parodyexisting story i-copy or i-reference pero naay twist, usually para entertain or patawa ang
mga tawo.

An example is **ZsaZsa Zaturnnahdarna**.

**Darna** is about a woman who gains superpowers.

But in **ZsaZsa Zaturnnahdarna**, a gay man transforms into a superpowered woman.

Same reference, different version—mao na ang parody.

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Quotation is when a character directly says a famous line from another movie, book, or drama exactly
as it was originally said.

Appropriation is an intertextual technique where a well-known story, character, or artwork is

“reworked” or “reimagined” into a new form, context, or meaning.

Example ang ibong adarna.

*Example of Appropriation* *Original Text:* Ibong Adarna (classic Philippine epic poem)

*Appropriated Version:* * A modern stage play or short skit* where the story of Ibong Adarna is set
in a *contemporary high school*.

* The main character still goes on a journey to find the magical bird, but the obstacles are *school
problems*, like bullying, exams, or peer pressure, instead of magical beasts.

The story keeps the *core idea of the journey and lessons*, but the *setting, characters, and events
are reimagined*.
Why this is appropriation:* * The *original story is recognized*, but it is *reworked* in a *new form
and context* to give it a *modern meaning*.

*Super simple version for students:*

Appropriation = using a **famous story** but **changing it** to make a **new version**.

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### **Slide 12: Activity Time (Fill in the Blanks)**

1. The concept of intertextuality refers to the idea that authors can use literary connections as a way
to communicate.
2. Appropriation is an intertextual technique which makes use of adaptation or reinterpretation.
3. Intertextuality is present when a text’s meaning is influenced by another text.
4. One example of a parody is Zsa Zsa Zaturnna.
5. Intertextuality can be thought of as a story within a story.

F 1. Intertextuality is used to confuse the readers and audience of the story’s true meaning.
F 2. Intertextuality is only limited to plays or stories.
F 3. Using intertextuality is similar to copy-paste approach in writing.
T 4. Intertextual references allow for a deeper understanding of the text.
F 5. Intertextuality is not an effective literary technique-

### **Slide 14: Closing**

To summarize,
**intertextuality helps us understand texts better because texts are connected to other texts**.

Thank you for listening and participating today.

Good job everyone

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